一、SpringMVC基礎入門,創建一個HelloWorld程序
1.首先,導入SpringMVC需要的jar包。
2.添加Web.xml配置文件中關於SpringMVC的配置
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<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
< servlet >
< servlet-name >springmvc</ servlet-name >
< servlet-class >org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</ servlet-class >
< init-param >
< param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name >
< param-value >classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</ param-value >
</ init-param >
<!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
</ servlet >
< servlet-mapping >
< servlet-name >springmvc</ servlet-name >
< url-pattern >/</ url-pattern >
</ servlet-mapping >
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3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
4.在WEB-INF文件夾下創建名爲jsp的文件夾,用來存放jsp視圖。創建一個hello.jsp,在body中添加“Hello World”。
5.建立包及Controller,如下所示
6.編寫Controller代碼
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@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/mvc" )
public class mvcController {
@RequestMapping ( "/hello" )
public String hello(){
return "hello" ;
}
}
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7.啓動服務器,鍵入 http://localhost:8080/項目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。攔截匹配的請求,Servlet攔截匹配規則要自已定義,把攔截下來的請求,依據相應的規則分發到目標Controller來處理,是配置spring MVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
視圖名稱解析器
3.以上出現的註解
@Controller 負責註冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 註解爲控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求
三、SpringMVC常用註解
@Controller
負責註冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
註解爲控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求
@RequestBody
該註解用於讀取Request請求的body部分數據,使用系統默認配置的HttpMessageConverter進行解析,然後把相應的數據綁定到要返回的對象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的對象數據綁定到 controller中方法的參數上
@ResponseBody
該註解用於將Controller的方法返回的對象,通過適當的HttpMessageConverter轉換爲指定格式後,寫入到Response對象的body數據區
@ModelAttribute
在方法定義上使用 @ModelAttribute 註解:Spring MVC 在調用目標處理方法前,會先逐個調用在方法級上標註了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的入參前使用 @ModelAttribute 註解:可以從隱含對象中獲取隱含的模型數據中獲取對象,再將請求參數 –綁定到對象中,再傳入入參將方法入參對象添加到模型中
@RequestParam
在處理方法入參處使用 @RequestParam 可以把請求參 數傳遞給請求方法
@PathVariable
綁定 URL 佔位符到入參
@ExceptionHandler
註解到方法上,出現異常時會執行該方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一個Contoller成爲全局的異常處理類,類中用@ExceptionHandler方法註解的方法可以處理所有Controller發生的異常
四、自動匹配參數
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//match automatically
@RequestMapping ( "/person" )
public String toPerson(String name, double age){
System.out.println(name+ " " +age);
return "hello" ;
}
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五、自動裝箱
1.編寫一個Person實體類
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package test.SpringMVC.model;
public class Person {
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this .name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge( int age) {
this .age = age;
}
private String name;
private int age;
}
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2.在Controller裏編寫方法
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//boxing automatically
@RequestMapping ( "/person1" )
public String toPerson(Person p){
System.out.println(p.getName()+ " " +p.getAge());
return "hello" ;
}
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六、使用InitBinder來處理Date類型的參數
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//the parameter was converted in initBinder
@RequestMapping ( "/date" )
public String date(Date date){
System.out.println(date);
return "hello" ;
}
//At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"
@InitBinder
public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
binder.registerCustomEditor(Date. class , new CustomDateEditor( new SimpleDateFormat( "yyyy-MM-dd" ),
true ));
}
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七、向前臺傳遞參數
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//pass the parameters to front-end
@RequestMapping ( "/show" )
public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){
Person p = new Person();
map.put( "p" , p);
p.setAge( 20 );
p.setName( "jayjay" );
return "show" ;
}
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前臺可在Request域中取到"p"
八、使用Ajax調用
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//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
@RequestMapping ( "/getPerson" )
public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){
pw.write( "hello," +name);
}
@RequestMapping ( "/name" )
public String sayHello(){
return "name" ;
}
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前臺用下面的Jquery代碼調用
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$( function (){
$( "#btn" ).click( function (){
$.post( "mvc/getPerson" ,{name:$( "#name" ).val()}, function (data){
alert(data);
});
});
});
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九、在Controller中使用redirect方式處理請求
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//redirect
@RequestMapping ( "/redirect" )
public String redirect(){
return "redirect:hello" ;
}
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十、文件上傳
1.需要導入兩個jar包
2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
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<!-- upload settings -->
< bean id = "multipartResolver" class = "org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" >
< property name = "maxUploadSize" value = "102400000" ></ property >
</ bean >
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3.方法代碼
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@RequestMapping (value= "/upload" ,method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{
MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile( "file" );
String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat( "yyyyMMddHHmmss" );
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath( "/" )+
"upload/" +sdf.format( new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf( '.' )));
fos.write(file.getBytes());
fos.flush();
fos.close();
return "hello" ;
}
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4.前臺form表單
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< form action = "mvc/upload" method = "post" enctype = "multipart/form-data" >
< input type = "file" name = "file" >< br >
< input type = "submit" value = "submit" >
</ form >
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十一、使用@RequestParam註解指定參數的name
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@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/test" )
public class mvcController1 {
@RequestMapping (value= "/param" )
public String testRequestParam( @RequestParam (value= "id" ) Integer id,
@RequestParam (value= "name" )String name){
System.out.println(id+ " " +name);
return "/hello" ;
}
}
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十二、RESTFul風格的SringMVC
1.RestController
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@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/rest" )
public class RestController {
@RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String get( @PathVariable ( "id" ) Integer id){
System.out.println( "get" +id);
return "/hello" ;
}
@RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String post( @PathVariable ( "id" ) Integer id){
System.out.println( "post" +id);
return "/hello" ;
}
@RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.PUT)
public String put( @PathVariable ( "id" ) Integer id){
System.out.println( "put" +id);
return "/hello" ;
}
@RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String delete( @PathVariable ( "id" ) Integer id){
System.out.println( "delete" +id);
return "/hello" ;
}
}
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2.form表單發送put和delete請求
在web.xml中配置
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<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->
< filter >
< filter-name >HiddenHttpMethodFilter</ filter-name >
< filter-class >org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</ filter-class >
</ filter >
< filter-mapping >
< filter-name >HiddenHttpMethodFilter</ filter-name >
< url-pattern >/*</ url-pattern >
</ filter-mapping >
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在前臺可以用以下代碼產生請求
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< form action = "rest/user/1" method = "post" >
< input type = "hidden" name = "_method" value = "PUT" >
< input type = "submit" value = "put" >
</ form >
< form action = "rest/user/1" method = "post" >
< input type = "submit" value = "post" >
</ form >
< form action = "rest/user/1" method = "get" >
< input type = "submit" value = "get" >
</ form >
< form action = "rest/user/1" method = "post" >
< input type = "hidden" name = "_method" value = "DELETE" >
< input type = "submit" value = "delete" >
</ form >
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十三、返回json格式的字符串
1.導入以下jar包
2.方法代碼
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@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/json" )
public class jsonController {
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping ( "/user" )
public User get(){
User u = new User();
u.setId( 1 );
u.setName( "jayjay" );
u.setBirth( new Date());
return u;
}
}
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十四、異常的處理
1.處理局部異常(Controller內)
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@ExceptionHandler
public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView( "error" );
mv.addObject( "exception" , ex);
System.out.println( "in testExceptionHandler" );
return mv;
}
@RequestMapping ( "/error" )
public String error(){
int i = 5 / 0 ;
return "hello" ;
}
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2.處理全局異常(所有Controller)
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@ControllerAdvice
public class testControllerAdvice {
@ExceptionHandler
public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView( "error" );
mv.addObject( "exception" , ex);
System.out.println( "in testControllerAdvice" );
return mv;
}
}
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3.另一種處理全局異常的方法
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
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<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->
< bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver" >
< property name = "exceptionMappings" >
< props >
< prop key = "java.lang.ArithmeticException" >error</ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >
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error是出錯頁面
十五、設置一個自定義攔截器
1.創建一個MyInterceptor類,並實現HandlerInterceptor接口
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public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
throws Exception {
System.out.println( "afterCompletion" );
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {
System.out.println( "postHandle" );
}
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2) throws Exception {
System.out.println( "preHandle" );
return true ;
}
}
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2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置
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<!-- interceptor setting -->
< mvc:interceptors >
< mvc:interceptor >
< mvc:mapping path = "/mvc/**" />
< bean class = "test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor" ></ bean >
</ mvc:interceptor >
</ mvc:interceptors >
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3.攔截器執行順序
十六、表單的驗證(使用Hibernate-validate)及國際化
1.導入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包
(未選中不用導入)
2.編寫實體類User並加上驗證註解
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public class User {
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId( int id) {
this .id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this .name = name;
}
public Date getBirth() {
return birth;
}
public void setBirth(Date birth) {
this .birth = birth;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]" ;
}
private int id;
@NotEmpty
private String name;
@Past
@DateTimeFormat (pattern= "yyyy-MM-dd" )
private Date birth;
}
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ps:@Past表示時間必須是一個過去值
3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表單
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< form:form action = "form/add" method = "post" modelAttribute = "user" >
id:< form:input path = "id" />< form:errors path = "id" />< br >
name:< form:input path = "name" />< form:errors path = "name" />< br >
birth:< form:input path = "birth" />< form:errors path = "birth" />
< input type = "submit" value = "submit" >
</ form:form >
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ps:path對應name
4.Controller中代碼
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@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/form" )
public class formController {
@RequestMapping (value= "/add" ,method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String add( @Valid User u,BindingResult br){
if (br.getErrorCount()> 0 ){
return "addUser" ;
}
return "showUser" ;
}
@RequestMapping (value= "/add" ,method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String add(Map<String,Object> map){
map.put( "user" , new User());
return "addUser" ;
}
}
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ps:
1.因爲jsp中使用了modelAttribute屬性,所以必須在request域中有一個"user".
2.@Valid 表示按照在實體上標記的註解驗證參數
3.返回到原頁面錯誤信息回回顯,表單也會回顯
5.錯誤信息自定義
在src目錄下添加locale.properties
NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty
Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
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<!-- configure the locale resource -->
< bean id = "messageSource" class = "org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource" >
< property name = "basename" value = "locale" ></ property >
</ bean >
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6.國際化顯示
在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties
username=賬號
password=密碼
locale.properties中添加
username=user name
password=password
創建一個locale.jsp
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< body >
< fmt:message key = "username" ></ fmt:message >
< fmt:message key = "password" ></ fmt:message >
</ body >
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在SpringMVC中配置
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<!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->
< mvc:view-controller path = "/locale" view-name = "locale" />
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讓locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接訪問
最後,訪問locale.jsp,切換瀏覽器語言,能看到賬號和密碼的語言也切換了
十七、壓軸大戲--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC
1.創建一個test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用來演示整合,並創建各類
2.User實體類
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public class User {
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId( int id) {
this .id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this .name = name;
}
public Date getBirth() {
return birth;
}
public void setBirth(Date birth) {
this .birth = birth;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]" ;
}
private int id;
@NotEmpty
private String name;
@Past
@DateTimeFormat (pattern= "yyyy-MM-dd" )
private Date birth;
}
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3.UserService類
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@Component
public class UserService {
public UserService(){
System.out.println( "UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n" );
}
public void save(){
System.out.println( "save" );
}
}
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4.UserController
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@Controller
@RequestMapping ( "/integrate" )
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@RequestMapping ( "/user" )
public String saveUser( @RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){
System.out.println(u);
userService.save();
return "hello" ;
}
}
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5.Spring配置文件
在src目錄下創建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml
在Web.xml中添加配置
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<!-- configure the springIOC -->
< listener >
< listener-class >org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</ listener-class >
</ listener >
< context-param >
< param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name >
< param-value >classpath:applicationContext.xml</ param-value >
</ context-param >
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6.在SpringMVC中進行一些配置,防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC對同一個對象的管理重合
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<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
< context:component-scan base-package = "test.SpringMVC.integrate" >
< context:include-filter type = "annotation"
expression = "org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
< context:include-filter type = "annotation"
expression = "org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" />
</ context:component-scan >
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十八、SpringMVC詳細運行流程圖
十九、SpringMVC與struts2的區別
1、springmvc基於方法開發的,struts2基於類開發的。springmvc將url和controller裏的方法映射。映射成功後springmvc生成一個Handler對象,對象中只包括了一個method。方法執行結束,形參數據銷燬。springmvc的controller開發類似web service開發。
2、springmvc可以進行單例開發,並且建議使用單例開發,struts2通過類的成員變量接收參數,無法使用單例,只能使用多例。
3、經過實際測試,struts2速度慢,在於使用struts標籤,如果使用struts建議使用jstl。