這篇文章主要介紹了SpringBoot MockMvc單元測試的示例代碼,小編覺得挺不錯的,現在分享給大家,也給大家做個參考。一起跟隨小編過來看看吧
爲何使用MockMvc?
對模塊進行集成測試時,希望能夠通過輸入URL對Controller進行測試,如果通過啓動服務器,建立http client進行測試,這樣會使得測試變得很麻煩,比如,啓動速度慢,測試驗證不方便,依賴網絡環境等,所以爲了可以對Controller進行測試,我們引入了MockMVC。
MockMvc實現了對Http請求的模擬,能夠直接使用網絡的形式,轉換到Controller的調用,這樣可以使得測試速度快、不依賴網絡環境,而且提供了一套驗證的工具,這樣可以使得請求的驗證統一而且很方便。
MockMvcBuilder
MockMvc是spring測試下的一個非常好用的類,他們的初始化需要在setUp中進行。
MockMvcBuilder是用來構造MockMvc的構造器,其主要有兩個實現:StandaloneMockMvcBuilder和DefaultMockMvcBuilder,前者繼承了後者。
① MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(WebApplicationContext context):指定WebApplicationContext,將會從該上下文獲取相應的控制器並得到相應的MockMvc;
② MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(Object... controllers):通過參數指定一組控制器,這樣就不需要從上下文獲取了,比如this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(this.controller).build();
這些Builder還提供了其他api,可以自行百度
1.添加測試依賴
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>top.ytheng</groupId> <artifactId>springboot-demo</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.5.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> <scope>true</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
2.添加MocMvc測試類
package top.ytheng.demo; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers; //底層用junit SpringJunit4ClassRunner @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) //啓動整個Springboot工程 @SpringBootTest(classes= {DemoApplication.class}) //鼠標選中SpringBootTestDemo後執行Run As -> JUnit Test可以同時執行多個測試 @AutoConfigureMockMvc public class MockMvcTestDemo { @Autowired private MockMvc mockMvc; @Test public void mockTest() throws Exception { MvcResult mockResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/file/testpath")). andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()).andReturn(); int status = mockResult.getResponse().getStatus(); System.out.println(status); } }
3.添加測試控制器
package top.ytheng.demo.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; @Controller @RequestMapping("/file") public class FileController { @RequestMapping("/testpath") @ResponseBody private Object testPath() { return filePath; } }
4.添加啓動類
package top.ytheng.demo; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication //等於下面3個 //@SpringBootConfiguration //@EnableAutoConfiguration //@ComponentScan public class DemoApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args); } }
5.鼠標選中MockMvcTestDemo類名,使用快捷鍵啓動JUnit測試(Shift + Alt + X,T),進行測試
以上就是本文的全部內容,希望對大家的學習有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持神馬文庫。