HTML5的Histroy API

History API在各瀏覽器下的支持情況:

不支持

4.0+

5.0+

8.0+

不支持

比較典型的是GitHub,在點擊代碼文件夾和文件時,會發現它的url地址欄變換了、標題欄變化了、前進後退按鈕也變化了(跟新開了一個新頁面感覺一樣),但體驗起來很平滑(外層框架的內容沒有重新加載,例如:登錄信息、是否關注主人等),然後是ajax載入新內容。

history在HTML4的時代裏,有如下幾個方法和屬性,應該很熟悉:

length、back()、forward()、go([delta])

在HTML5中又添加了兩個方法:

pushState(data, title[,url])、replaceStage(data, this [,url])

需要注意的是在使用replaceStage,傳入的url必須和當前頁的協議、所在域完全相同(即使不同的子域都不行),否則會提示安全錯誤。

更多內容可以參考:

http://diveintohtml5.org/history.html

http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec-author-view/history.html

如果想在兼容其它老瀏覽器,可以使用History.js

這裏寫了一個測試實例,參考至:http://html5demos.com/history

因爲URL變換了,而在刷新的時候頁面又不能進行跳轉,此時需要在自己的web服務器上寫一些規則了(我本機使用的是nginx),在server_name爲meteoric.com的vhost中添加如下規則:

location ~ ^/history/.*$ {         rewrite ^/history/.*$ /html5/history/index.html last; }

頁面訪問路徑是:http://meteoric.com/history/

這樣即使我刷新頁面,所有以history開頭的請求,都將轉至http://meteoric.com/history/index.html

/=======/

1、因爲頁面沒有跳轉,所以在點擊鏈接的時候可以使用ajax請求並渲染數據(類似github的效果)

2、進頁面,可以獲取到當前URL,然後正則取出histroy其後的內容,判定加載哪一種資源

頁面完整的HTML代碼:

<!DOCTYPE html> 
<html> 
<head> 
<meta charset=utf-8 /> 
<meta name="viewport" content="width=620" /> 
<title>HTML5__History API</title> 
  <style>
body { 
  font: normal 16px/20px "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif;
  background: rgb(237, 237, 236);
  margin: 0;
  margin-top: 40px;
  padding: 0;
}

section, header, footer {
  display: block;
}

#wrapper {
  width: 600px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  background-color: #fff;
  -moz-border-radius: 10px;
  -webkit-border-radius: 10px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  border-top: 1px solid #fff;
  padding-bottom: 76px;
}

h1 {
  padding-top: 10px;
}

h2 {
  font-size: 100%;
  font-style: italic;
}

header, article > *, footer > * {
  margin: 20px;
}

footer > * {
  margin: 20px;
  color: #999;
}

#status {
  padding: 5px;
  color: #fff;
  background: #ccc;
}

#status.fail {
  background: #c00;
}

#status.success {
  background: #0c0;
}

#status.offline {
  background: #c00;
}

#status.online {
  background: #0c0;
}

li {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

#examples {
  padding-left: 20px;
}
#examples li {
  list-style: square;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}
</style> 
 </head>

 <body>
 
 <section id="wrapper">
<article> 
  <p id="status">HTML5 History API not supported</p> 
  <p>最後一次觸發的事件: <em><span id="lastevent">(none)</span></em></p> 
  <p>點擊下面的鏈接進行測試,點擊後頁面的URL發生變化,但重新刷新後依舊停留於此頁面。</p> 
  <p>可以使用瀏覽器原生的前進、後退按鈕</p> 
  <ul id="examples"> 
    <li><a href="/history/first">first</a></li> 
    <li><a href="/history/second">second</a></li> 
    <li><a href="/history/third">third</a></li> 
    <li><a href="/history/fourth">fourth</a></li> 
  </ul> 
  <div id="output"></div> 
</article> 
</section>


<script>   1:     2:     3: var addEvent = (function () {   4:   if (document.addEventListener) {   5:     return function (el, type, fn) {   6:       if (el && el.nodeName || el === window) {   7:         el.addEventListener(type, fn, false);   8:       } else if (el && el.length) {   9:         for (var i = 0; i < el.length; i++) {  10:           addEvent(el[i], type, fn);  11:         }  12:       }  13:     };  14:   } else {  15:     return function (el, type, fn) {  16:       if (el && el.nodeName || el === window) {  17:         el.attachEvent('on' + type, function () { return fn.call(el, window.event); });  18:       } else if (el && el.length) {  19:         for (var i = 0; i < el.length; i++) {  20:           addEvent(el[i], type, fn);  21:         }  22:       }  23:     };  24:   }  25: })();  26:    27:    28:    29:    30: var $ = function (s) { return document.getElementById(s); },  31:     state = $('status'),  32:     lastevent = $('lastevent'),  33:     urlhistory = $('urlhistory'),  34:     examples = $('examples'),  35:     output = $('output'),  36:     template = '<p>URL: <strong>{url}</strong>, name: <strong>{name}</strong>, location: <strong>{location}</strong></p>',  37:     data = { // imagine these are ajax requests :)  38:       first : {  39:         name: "張三",  40:         location: "北京"  41:       },  42:       second: {  43:         name: "李四",  44:         location: "上海"  45:       },  46:       third: {  47:         name: "王五",  48:         location: "重慶"  49:       },  50:       fourth: {  51:         name: "小六",  52:         location: "江蘇,南京"  53:       }  54:     };  55:    56: function reportEvent(event) {  57:   lastevent.innerHTML = event.type;  58: }  59:    60: function reportData(data) {  61:   output.innerHTML = template.replace(/(:?\{(.*?)\})/g, function (a,b,c) {  62:     return data[c];  63:   });  64: }  65:    66: //檢測瀏覽器對此特性的支持情況  67: !(function() {  68:     if (typeof history.pushState === 'undefined') {  69:       state.className = '當前瀏覽器不支持HTML5 History API';  70:     } else {  71:       state.className = 'success';  72:       state.innerHTML = '當前瀏覽器支持HTML5 History API';  73:     }  74: })();  75:    76: addEvent(examples, 'click', function (event) {  77:   var title;  78:     79:   event.preventDefault();  80:   if (event.target.nodeName == 'A') {  81:     title = event.target.innerHTML;  82:     data[title].url = event.target.getAttribute('href'); // slightly hacky (the setting), using getAttribute to keep it short  83:     history.pushState(data[title], title, event.target.href);  84:     reportData(data[title]);  85:   }  86: });  87:    88: addEvent(window, 'popstate', function (event) {  89:   var data = event.state;  90:   reportEvent(event);  91:   reportData(event.state || { url: "unknown", name: "undefined", location: "undefined" });  92: });  93:    94: addEvent(window, 'hashchange', function (event) {  95:   reportEvent(event);  96: });  97:    98: addEvent(window, 'pageshow', function (event) {  99:   reportEvent(event); 100: }); 101:   102: addEvent(window, 'pagehide', function (event) { 103:   reportEvent(event); 104: }); 105:  </script>

 </body>
</html>

因爲需要web服務器的支持,所以上述效果無法在blog中進行預覽。需有興趣,可搭建一個簡單的環境進行測試~

如果有興趣瀏覽兼容ie6+(無定時器)的history,可以閱讀人人網前端開發人員的這篇文章:http://jingwei.li/blog/?p=183

之前我也寫過一篇相關的文章:”不使用定時器實現的onhashchange”,代碼有參閱人人網前臺腳本(一時好奇就右擊源碼大致掃了一下)

發表評論
所有評論
還沒有人評論,想成為第一個評論的人麼? 請在上方評論欄輸入並且點擊發布.
相關文章