CentOS7 靜默安裝 Oracle 12c

環境

• CentOS7.5 最小安裝
• 數據庫軟件
  • linuxx64_12201_database.zip

操作系統配置

• 關閉 SELinux

  sed -i '/^SELINUX=/cSELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config
  

• 關閉防火牆

  systemctl disable firewalld
  systemctl stop firewalld
  

• 禁用 NetworkManager

  systemctl disable NetworkManager
  systemctl stop NetworkManager
  

• 重啓操作系統

  reboot
  

安裝依賴

• 安裝可能用到的工具

  yum install epel-release
  yum clean all
  yum makecache fast
  yum install vim unzip rlwrap
  

• 安裝 oracle 需要的包

  yum install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 \
  compat-libstdc++-33*i686 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc*.i686 \
  glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel \
  libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel \
  libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC \
  unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686
  

配置安裝環境

• 創建 oracle 用戶

  groupadd oinstall
  groupadd dba
  groupadd oper
  useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
  

• 創建 oracle 安裝目錄

  mkdir -p /opt/oracle/app/product/12.2.0
  mkdir -p /opt/oracle/app/oradata
  mkdir -p /opt/oracle/app/fast_recovery_area
  chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle
  chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle
  

• 修改 sysctl.conf

  cat << EOF >> /etc/sysctl.conf
  fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
  fs.file-max = 6815744
  #物理內存一半和4G中的較大者，當前服務器16G
  kernel.shmmax = 8589934592
  #shmmax / 4k (getconf PAGESIZE)
  kernel.shmall = 2097152
  kernel.shmmni = 4096
  kernel.sem = 250 32000 200 200
  net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
  net.core.rmem_default = 262144
  net.core.wmem_default = 262144
  net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
  net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
  EOF
  sysctl -p
  

• 修改 limits.conf

  cat << EOF >> /etc/security/limits.conf
  oracle soft nproc 2047
  oracle hard nproc 16384
  oracle soft nofile 1024
  oracle hard nofile 65536
  oracle soft stack 10240
  EOF
  

• 修改 login

  cat << EOF >> /etc/pam.d/login
  session required  /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
  session required pam_limits.so
  EOF
  

• 修改 profile

  cat << EOF >> /etc/profile
  if [ \$USER = "oracle" ] ; then
      if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
          ulimit -p 16384
          ulimit -n 65536
      else
          ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
      fi
      umask 022
  fi
  EOF
  

• 修改 oracle 用戶的 .bash_profile

  cat << EOF >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
  export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle/app
  export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0
  export ORACLE_SID=orcl
  export PATH=\$PATH:\$ORACLE_HOME/bin
  #export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8"
  #export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK"
  EOF
  

安裝數據庫

• 上傳數據庫軟件到 /root 下，解壓

  unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip -d /home/oracle/
  chown -R oracle.oinstall /home/oracle/database
  

• 切換到 oracle 用戶，後續操作都在該 oracle 用戶下執行

  su - oracle
  

• 創建 response 文件

  cd /home/oracle
  cp database/response/*.rsp ./
  

• 修改 db_install.rsp

  sed -i \
      -e '/^oracle\.install\.option=/s#=.*$#=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY#' \
      -e '/^UNIX_GROUP_NAME=/s#=.*$#=oinstall#' \
      -e '/^INVENTORY_LOCATION=/s#=.*$#=/opt/oracle/oraInventory#' \
      -e '/^ORACLE_HOME=/s#=.*$#=/opt/oracle/app/product/12.2.0#' \
      -e '/^ORACLE_BASE=/s#=.*$#=/opt/oracle/app#' \
      -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.InstallEdition=/s#=.*$#=EE#' \
      -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.OSDBA_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=dba#' \
      -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.OSOPER_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=oper#' \
      -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=dba#' \
      -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.OSDGDBA_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=dba#' \
      -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.OSKMDBA_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=dba#' \
      -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.OSRACDBA_GROUP=/s#=.*$#=dba#' \
      -e '/^oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=/s#=.*$#=GENERAL_PURPOSE#' \
      -e '/^oracle\.install\.db\.config\.starterdb\.characterSet=/s#=.*$#=ZHS16GBK#' \
      -e '/^DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=/s#=.*$#=true#' \
      /home/oracle/db_install.rsp
  

• 無需修改 netca.rsp
• 修改 dbca.rsp

  sed -i \
      -e '/^gdbName=/s#=.*$#=orcl#' \
      -e '/^sid=/s#=.*$#=orcl#' \
      -e '/^createAsContainerDatabase=/s#=.*$#=true#' \
      -e '/^numberOfPDBs=/s#=.*$#=1#' \
      -e '/^pdbName=/s#=.*$#=pdborcl#' \
      -e '/^templateName=/s#=.*$#=General_Purpose.dbc#' \
      -e '/^pdbAdminPassword=/s#=.*$#=P@sswo2d#' \
      -e '/^sysPassword=/s#=.*$#=P@sswo2d#' \
      -e '/^systemPassword=/s#=.*$#=P@sswo2d#' \
      /home/oracle/dbca.rsp
  

• 安裝 oracle 軟件

  cd /home/oracle/database
  ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
  #安裝成功後，系統提示需要在 root 下執行兩個腳本
  /opt/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
  /opt/oracle/app/product/12.2.0/root.sh
  

• 配置監聽

  netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/netca.rsp
  #配置成功後，監聽啓動，查看監聽狀態
  lsnrctl status
  

• 創建數據庫

  dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /home/oracle/dbca.rsp
  #查看屏幕輸出的創建進度
  

簡單使用

• 登陸數據庫，切換到 pdb 數據庫

  [oracle@fpManager2 ~]$ rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba
  SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期一 6月 25 14:41:16 2018
  Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
  連接到:
  Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
  SQL> show con_name
  CON_NAME
  ------------------------------
  CDB$ROOT
  SQL> alter session set container=pdborcl;
  會話已更改。
  SQL> show con_name
  CON_NAME
  ------------------------------
  PDBORCL
  SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files;
  FILE_NAME
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  /opt/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdborcl/system01.dbf
  /opt/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdborcl/sysaux01.dbf
  /opt/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdborcl/undotbs01.dbf
  /opt/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/pdborcl/users01.dbf
  SQL>