Kubernetes部署(十一):管理之Helm和Rancher部署

Helm部署

helm官方下載地址:https://github.com/helm/helm/releases

官方可用的chart列表:https://hub.kubeapps.com

所有的軟件及配置文件都保存在前面文章提到的百度網盤裏 :百度共享鏈接在此文章裏

helm簡介

Helm是一種簡化Kubernetes應用程序安裝和管理的工具。可以把它想象成apt/yum/homebrew。

  • Helm有兩部分:client(helm)和server(tiller)
    ,Tiller在您的Kubernetes集羣內部運行,並管理chart的發佈(安裝)。
  • Helm可在您的筆記本電腦,或在任何位置運行。

  • chart是包含至少兩件事的Helm包:
    • 包的描述(Chart.yaml)
    • 一個或多個模板,包含Kubernetes清單文件
  • chart可以存儲在磁盤上,也可以從遠程chart存儲庫(如Debian或RedHat包)中獲取.

核心術語

  • Chart:一個helm程序包;
  • Repository:Charts倉庫,https/http服務器;
  • Release:特定的Chart部署於目標集羣上的一個實例;

    程序架構

  • helm:客戶端,管理本地的Chart倉庫,管理Chart, 與Tiller服務器交互,發送Chart,實例安裝、查詢、卸載等 操作;
  • Tiller:服務端,接收helm發來的Charts與Config,合併生成relase;

helm部署

  • helm可以部署在任何機器上,不一定要在kubernetes的服務器上,但是需要安裝kubectl,也就是說用戶家目錄下要有kube的配置文件,因爲helm需要和apiServer通信。
    [root@node-01 ~]# ll .kube/
    total 12
    drwxr-xr-x 3 root root   23 Dec 25 11:28 cache
    -rw------- 1 root root 6264 Dec 25 16:15 config
    drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan  2 15:09 http-cache
  • 開始部署
    [root@node-01 k8s]# wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-helm/helm-v2.12.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
    [root@node-01 k8s]# tar zxf helm-v2.12.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz 
    [root@node-01 k8s]# cd linux-amd64/
    [root@node-01 linux-amd64]# mv helm /usr/bin/

因某些原因我們無法直接從google下載tiller鏡像,所以需要下載我網盤共享的鏡像tiller-image-v2.12.1.tar.gz,然後在每個node節點加載鏡像

[root@node-04 ~]# docker load < tiller-image-v2.12.1.tar.gz
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: tiller
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: tiller
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: tiller
    namespace: kube-system
[root@node-01 helm]# kubectl create -f rbac-config.yaml

[root@node-01 helm]# helm init --service-account tiller
Creating /root/.helm 
Creating /root/.helm/repository 
Creating /root/.helm/repository/cache 
Creating /root/.helm/repository/local 
Creating /root/.helm/plugins 
Creating /root/.helm/starters 
Creating /root/.helm/cache/archive 
Creating /root/.helm/repository/repositories.yaml 
Adding stable repo with URL: https://kubernetes-charts.storage.googleapis.com 
Adding local repo with URL: http://127.0.0.1:8879/charts 
$HELM_HOME has been configured at /root/.helm.

Tiller (the Helm server-side component) has been installed into your Kubernetes Cluster.

Please note: by default, Tiller is deployed with an insecure 'allow unauthenticated users' policy.
To prevent this, run `helm init` with the --tiller-tls-verify flag.
For more information on securing your installation see: https://docs.helm.sh/using_helm/#securing-your-helm-installation
Happy Helming!

[root@node-01 helm]# kubectl -n kube-system get pod|grep tiller
tiller-deploy-85744d9bfb-cm5jz         1/1       Running   0          11m

[root@node-01 helm]# helm version
Client: &version.Version{SemVer:"v2.12.1", GitCommit:"02a47c7249b1fc6d8fd3b94e6b4babf9d818144e", GitTreeState:"clean"}
Server: &version.Version{SemVer:"v2.12.1", GitCommit:"02a47c7249b1fc6d8fd3b94e6b4babf9d818144e", GitTreeState:"clean"}

helm常用命令:

  • release管理:

    • install
    • delete
    • upgrade/rollback
    • list
    • history:release的歷史信息;
    • status:獲取release狀態信息;
  • chart管理:
    • create
    • fetch
    • get
    • inspect
    • package
    • verify

至此helm就已經部署完了,下面會通過helm安裝k8s的管理平臺,也順便演示helm的使用。

Rancher部署

rancher簡介

  • Rancher是一個企業級多集羣Kubernetes管理平臺;
  • 用戶可以在Rancher上配置和管理公有云(如GKE、EKS、AKS、阿里雲、華爲雲等)上託管的Kubernetes服務,亦可向Rancher中導入已有集羣。
  • 對於所有Kubernetes集羣與服務,用戶均可以在Rancher上進行集中身份認證(包括GitHub、AD/LDAP、SAML等)。

    添加chart倉庫

    helm官方倉庫沒有rancher的chart包,所以我們需要添加rancher官方chart倉庫。

    [root@node-01 helm]# helm repo add rancher-stable https://releases.rancher.com/server-charts/stable
    "rancher-stable" has been added to your repositories
    [root@node-01 helm]# helm search rancher-stable/rancher                                            
    NAME                    CHART VERSION   APP VERSION     DESCRIPTION                                                 
    rancher-stable/rancher  2018.12.4       v2.1.4          Install Rancher Server to manage Kubernetes clusters acro...

    安裝cert-manager

  • 安裝成功後會詳細顯示安裝的所有資源
[root@node-01 helm]# helm install stable/cert-manager  --name cert-manager --namespace kube-system
NAME:   cert-manager
LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Jan  3 15:35:22 2019
NAMESPACE: kube-system
STATUS: DEPLOYED

RESOURCES:
==> v1/ServiceAccount
NAME          SECRETS  AGE
cert-manager  1        1s

==> v1beta1/ClusterRole
NAME          AGE
cert-manager  1s

==> v1beta1/ClusterRoleBinding
NAME          AGE
cert-manager  1s

==> v1beta1/Deployment
NAME          DESIRED  CURRENT  UP-TO-DATE  AVAILABLE  AGE
cert-manager  1        1        1           0          1s

==> v1/Pod(related)
NAME                           READY  STATUS             RESTARTS  AGE
cert-manager-7d4bfc44ff-5flvg  0/1    ContainerCreating  0         0s

NOTES:
cert-manager has been deployed successfully!

In order to begin issuing certificates, you will need to set up a ClusterIssuer
or Issuer resource (for example, by creating a 'letsencrypt-staging' issuer).

More information on the different types of issuers and how to configure them
can be found in our documentation:

https://cert-manager.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/issuers.html

For information on how to configure cert-manager to automatically provision
Certificates for Ingress resources, take a look at the `ingress-shim`
documentation:

https://cert-manager.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/ingress-shim.html

[root@node-01 helm]# 

安裝rancher server

[root@node-01 helm]# helm install rancher-stable/rancher --name rancher --namespace cattle-system --set hostname=rancher.cnlinux.club

默認情況下,Rancher會自動生成CA根證書並使用cert-manager頒發證書,因此,這裏設置了 hostname=rancher.cnlinux.club,後續只能通過域名訪問UI

爲Agent Pod添加主機別名(可選)

如果你沒有內部DNS服務器而是通過添加/etc/hosts主機別名的方式指定的Rancher server域名,那麼不管通過哪種方式(自定義、導入、Host驅動等)創建K8S集羣,K8S集羣運行起來之後,因爲cattle-cluster-agent Pod和cattle-node-agent無法通過DNS記錄找到Rancher server,最終導致無法通信。

可以通過給cattle-cluster-agent Pod和cattle-node-agent添加主機別名(/etc/hosts),讓其可以正常通信(前提是IP地址可以互通)。

注意:替換以下命令中的域名和IP

cattle-cluster-agent pod

[root@node-01 helm]#  kubectl -n cattle-system patch  deployments cattle-cluster-agent --patch '{
    "spec": {
        "template": {
            "spec": {
                "hostAliases": [
                    {
                        "hostnames":
                        [
                            "rancher.cnlinux.club"
                        ],
                            "ip": "10.31.90.200"
                    }
                ]
            }
        }
    }
}'

cattle-node-agent pod

[root@node-01 helm]#  kubectl -n cattle-system patch  daemonsets cattle-node-agent --patch '{
    "spec": {
        "template": {
            "spec": {
                "hostAliases": [
                    {
                        "hostnames":
                        [
                            "rancher.cnlinux.club"
                        ],
                            "ip": "10.31.90.200"
                    }
                ]
            }
        }
    }
}'

訪問rancher

  1. 通過瀏覽器訪問https://rancher.cnlinux.club/,出現如下頁面,然後設置密碼

rancher

  1. 然後就可以出現如下界面,就證明已經正常運行了
    rancher4

3.至此就可以通過rancher來管理pod、ingress、service等資源了。
rancher5

  1. rancher也創建新的k8s集羣,如果管理其他現有的k8s集羣,可以選擇如下圖的導入
    rancher2

rancher3

後續會陸續更新所有的k8s相關文檔,如果你覺得我寫的不錯,希望大家多多關注點贊,非常感謝!

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