文章來源於30 Seconds of CSS,一些很有用的css片段,30秒內你就能理解!
代碼相對簡單,html,css,js代碼都放置一起,具體效果還是親自動手才能學真知!也可以參考譯文!
Layout(佈局)
重置box-sizing: border-box
Box-sizing reset
<div class="box">border-box</div>
<div class="box content-box">content-box</div>
html {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
*,
*::before,
*::after {
box-sizing: inherit;
}
.box {
display: inline-block;
width: 150px;
height: 150px;
padding: 10px;
background: tomato;
color: white;
border: 10px solid red;
}
.content-box {
box-sizing: content-box;
}
清除浮動
Clearfix
<div class="clearfix">
<div class="floated">float a</div>
<div class="floated">float b</div>
<div class="floated">float c</div>
</div>
.clearfix::after {
content: '';
display: block;
clear: both;
}
.floated {
float: left;
}
響應式佈局等比例寬高元素
Constant width to height ratio
<div class="constant-width-to-height-ratio"></div>
.constant-width-to-height-ratio {
background: #333;
width: 50%;
}
.constant-width-to-height-ratio::before {
content: '';
padding-top: 100%;
float: left;
}
.constant-width-to-height-ratio::after {
content: '';
display: block;
clear: both;
}
用display: table居中
Display table centering
<div class="container">
<div class="center"><span>Centered content</span></div>
</div>
.container {
border: 1px solid #333;
height: 250px;
width: 250px;
}
.center {
display: table;
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
}
.center > span {
display: table-cell;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: middle;
}
在父元素均勻分佈子元素
Evenly distributed children
<div class="evenly-distributed-children">
<p>Item1</p>
<p>Item2</p>
<p>Item3</p>
</div>
.evenly-distributed-children {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
}
用display: flex水平垂直居中
Flexbox centering
<div class="flexbox-centering"><div class="child">Centered content.</div></div>
.flexbox-centering {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
height: 100px;
}
用display: grid水平垂直居中
Grid centering
<div class="grid-centering"><div class="child">Centered content.</div></div>
.grid-centering {
display: grid;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
height: 100px;
}
在flex佈局中讓最後元素自動充滿剩下區域
Last item with remaining available height
<div class="container">
<div>Div 1</div>
<div>Div 2</div>
<div>Div 3</div>
</div>
html,
body {
height: 100%;
margin: 0;
}
.container {
height: 100%;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
.container > div:last-child {
background-color: tomato;
flex: 1;
}
在不知道元素寬高的情況下,利用Transform水平垂直居中元素
Transform centering
<div class="parent"><div class="child">Centered content</div></div>
.parent {
border: 1px solid #333;
height: 250px;
position: relative;
width: 250px;
}
.child {
left: 50%;
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
text-align: center;
}
超出的文本用...代替
Truncate text
<p class="truncate-text">If I exceed one line's width, I will be truncated.</p>
.truncate-text {
overflow: hidden;
white-space: nowrap;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
width: 200px;
}
Visual(視覺)
用純css畫圓圈
Circle
<div class="circle"></div>
.circle {
border-radius: 50%;
width: 2rem;
height: 2rem;
background: #333;
}
自定義滾動條樣式
Custom scrollbar
<div class="custom-scrollbar">
<p>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.<br />
Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br />
molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br />
Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
</p>
</div>
.custom-scrollbar {
height: 70px;
overflow-y: scroll;
}
/* To style the document scrollbar, remove `.custom-scrollbar` */
.custom-scrollbar::-webkit-scrollbar {
width: 8px;
}
.custom-scrollbar::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
border-radius: 10px;
}
.custom-scrollbar::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
border-radius: 10px;
box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}
自定義文本選擇樣式
Custom text selection
<p class="custom-text-selection">Select some of this text.</p>
::selection {
background: aquamarine;
color: black;
}
.custom-text-selection::selection {
background: deeppink;
color: white;
}
根據自身顏色動態地變化陰影顏色
Dynamic shadow
<div class="dynamic-shadow"></div>
.dynamic-shadow {
position: relative;
width: 10rem;
height: 10rem;
background: linear-gradient(75deg, #6d78ff, #00ffb8);
z-index: 1;
}
.dynamic-shadow::after {
content: '';
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
position: absolute;
background: inherit;
top: 0.5rem;
filter: blur(0.4rem);
opacity: 0.7;
z-index: -1;
}
燭刻文字
Etched text
<p class="etched-text">I appear etched into the background.</p>
.etched-text {
text-shadow: 0 2px white;
font-size: 1.5rem;
font-weight: bold;
color: #b8bec5;
}
用object-fit和object-position 代替 background-size和background-position
Fit image in container
<img class="image image-contain" src="https://picsum.photos/600/200" />
<img class="image image-cover" src="https://picsum.photos/600/200" />
.image {
background: #34495e;
border: 1px solid #34495e;
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
}
.image-contain {
object-fit: contain;
object-position: center;
}
.image-cover {
object-fit: cover;
object-position: right top;
}
漸變色文本
Gradient text
<p class="gradient-text">Gradient text</p>
.gradient-text {
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(pink, red);
-webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
-webkit-background-clip: text;
}
邊際線邊框
Hairline border
<div class="hairline-border">text</div>
.hairline-border {
box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px;
}
@media (min-resolution: 2dppx) {
.hairline-border {
box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.5px;
}
}
@media (min-resolution: 3dppx) {
.hairline-border {
box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.33333333px;
}
}
@media (min-resolution: 4dppx) {
.hairline-border {
box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.25px;
}
}
:not選擇器
:not selector
<ul class="css-not-selector-shortcut">
<li>One</li>
<li>Two</li>
<li>Three</li>
<li>Four</li>
</ul>
.css-not-selector-shortcut {
display: flex;
}
ul {
padding-left: 0;
}
li {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0 0.75rem;
}
li:not(:last-child) {
border-right: 2px solid #d2d5e4;
}
在屏幕上消失的元素
Offscreen
關鍵詞:可綁定js事件對象,更合適對盲人需要提供額外的信息,相對於display:none它能提供盲人設備信息,相對於visibility: hidden,它不佔用物理空間
<a class="button" href="http://pantswebsite.com">
Learn More <span class="offscreen"> about pants</span>
</a>
.offscreen {
border: 0;
clip: rect(0 0 0 0);
height: 1px;
margin: -1px;
overflow: hidden;
padding: 0;
position: absolute;
width: 1px;
}
梯度隱藏元素以指示需要滾動獲取更多內容
Overflow scroll gradient
<div class="overflow-scroll-gradient">
<div class="overflow-scroll-gradient__scroller">
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. <br />
Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br />
molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br />
Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? <br />
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.<br />
Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br />
molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br />
Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
</div>
</div>
.overflow-scroll-gradient {
position: relative;
}
.overflow-scroll-gradient::after {
content: '';
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
width: 240px;
height: 25px;
background: linear-gradient(
rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.001),
white
); /* transparent keyword is broken in Safari */
pointer-events: none;
}
.overflow-scroll-gradient__scroller {
overflow-y: scroll;
background: white;
width: 240px;
height: 200px;
padding: 15px;
line-height: 1.2;
}
漂亮文本下劃線
Pretty text underline
<p class="pretty-text-underline">Pretty text underline without clipping descending letters.</p>
.pretty-text-underline {
display: inline;
text-shadow: 1px 1px #f5f6f9, -1px 1px #f5f6f9, -1px -1px #f5f6f9, 1px -1px #f5f6f9;
background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, currentColor 100%, transparent 100%);
background-position: bottom;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: 100% 1px;
}
.pretty-text-underline::-moz-selection {
background-color: rgba(0, 150, 255, 0.3);
text-shadow: none;
}
.pretty-text-underline::selection {
background-color: rgba(0, 150, 255, 0.3);
text-shadow: none;
}
重置所有樣式
Reset all styles
<div class="reset-all-styles">
<h5>Title</h5>
<p>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Iure id exercitationem nulla qui
repellat laborum vitae, molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. Quisquam enim qui
iure, consequatur velit sit?
</p>
</div>
.reset-all-styles {
all: initial;
}
用svg製作鋒利的鋸齒形狀
Shape separator
<div class="shape-separator"></div>
.shape-separator {
position: relative;
height: 48px;
background: #333;
}
.shape-separator::after {
content: '';
background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 12'%3E%3Cpath d='m12 0l12 12h-24z' fill='%23fff'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
height: 12px;
bottom: 0;
}
使用系統字體效果
System font stack
<p class="system-font-stack">This text uses the system font.</p>
.system-font-stack {
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu,
Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}
三角形
Triangle
<div class="triangle"></div>
.triangle {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-top: 20px solid #333;
border-left: 20px solid transparent;
border-right: 20px solid transparent;
}
構建交替的斑馬線列表
Zebra striped list
<ul>
<li>Item 01</li>
<li>Item 02</li>
<li>Item 03</li>
<li>Item 04</li>
<li>Item 05</li>
</ul>
li:nth-child(odd) {
background-color: #eee;
}
Animation(動畫)
彈跳的加載動畫
Bouncing loader
<div class="bouncing-loader">
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
</div>
@keyframes bouncing-loader {
to {
opacity: 0.1;
transform: translate3d(0, -1rem, 0);
}
}
.bouncing-loader {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
}
.bouncing-loader > div {
width: 1rem;
height: 1rem;
margin: 3rem 0.2rem;
background: #8385aa;
border-radius: 50%;
animation: bouncing-loader 0.6s infinite alternate;
}
.bouncing-loader > div:nth-child(2) {
animation-delay: 0.2s;
}
.bouncing-loader > div:nth-child(3) {
animation-delay: 0.4s;
}
用:hover做按鈕交互效果
Button border animation
<div class="button-border"><button class="button">Submit</button></div>
.button {
background-color: #c47135;
border: none;
color: #ffffff;
outline: none;
padding: 12px 40px 10px;
position: relative;
}
.button:before,
.button:after {
border: 0 solid transparent;
transition: all 0.25s;
content: '';
height: 24px;
position: absolute;
width: 24px;
}
.button:before {
border-top: 2px solid #c47135;
left: 0px;
top: -5px;
}
.button:after {
border-bottom: 2px solid #c47135;
bottom: -5px;
right: 0px;
}
.button:hover {
background-color: #c47135;
}
.button:hover:before,
.button:hover:after {
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
}
圓圈加載loading
Donut spinner
<div class="donut"></div>
@keyframes donut-spin {
0% {
transform: rotate(0deg);
}
100% {
transform: rotate(360deg);
}
}
.donut {
display: inline-block;
border: 4px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
border-left-color: #7983ff;
border-radius: 50%;
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
animation: donut-spin 1.2s linear infinite;
}
更容易的變量
Easing variables
<div class="easing-variables">Hover</div>
:root {
/* Place variables in here to use globally */
}
.easing-variables {
--ease-in-quad: cubic-bezier(0.55, 0.085, 0.68, 0.53);
--ease-in-cubic: cubic-bezier(0.55, 0.055, 0.675, 0.19);
--ease-in-quart: cubic-bezier(0.895, 0.03, 0.685, 0.22);
--ease-in-quint: cubic-bezier(0.755, 0.05, 0.855, 0.06);
--ease-in-expo: cubic-bezier(0.95, 0.05, 0.795, 0.035);
--ease-in-circ: cubic-bezier(0.6, 0.04, 0.98, 0.335);
--ease-out-quad: cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94);
--ease-out-cubic: cubic-bezier(0.215, 0.61, 0.355, 1);
--ease-out-quart: cubic-bezier(0.165, 0.84, 0.44, 1);
--ease-out-quint: cubic-bezier(0.23, 1, 0.32, 1);
--ease-out-expo: cubic-bezier(0.19, 1, 0.22, 1);
--ease-out-circ: cubic-bezier(0.075, 0.82, 0.165, 1);
--ease-in-out-quad: cubic-bezier(0.455, 0.03, 0.515, 0.955);
--ease-in-out-cubic: cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1);
--ease-in-out-quart: cubic-bezier(0.77, 0, 0.175, 1);
--ease-in-out-quint: cubic-bezier(0.86, 0, 0.07, 1);
--ease-in-out-expo: cubic-bezier(1, 0, 0, 1);
--ease-in-out-circ: cubic-bezier(0.785, 0.135, 0.15, 0.86);
display: inline-block;
width: 75px;
height: 75px;
padding: 10px;
color: white;
line-height: 50px;
text-align: center;
background: #333;
transition: transform 1s var(--ease-out-quart);
}
.easing-variables:hover {
transform: rotate(45deg);
}
動畫效果從0到未知高度
Height transition
<div class="trigger">
Hover me to see a height transition.
<div class="el">content</div>
</div>
.el {
transition: max-height 0.5s;
overflow: hidden;
max-height: 0;
}
.trigger:hover > .el {
max-height: var(--max-height);
}
var el = document.querySelector('.el')
var height = el.scrollHeight
el.style.setProperty('--max-height', height + 'px')
交互陰影box動畫
Hover Shadow Box Animation
<p class="hover-shadow-box-animation">Box it!</p>
.hover-shadow-box-animation {
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: middle;
transform: perspective(1px) translateZ(0);
box-shadow: 0 0 1px transparent;
margin: 10px;
transition-duration: 0.3s;
transition-property: box-shadow, transform;
}
.hover-shadow-box-animation:hover,
.hover-shadow-box-animation:focus,
.hover-shadow-box-animation:active {
box-shadow: 1px 10px 10px -10px rgba(0, 0, 24, 0.5);
transform: scale(1.2);
}
下劃線交互動畫
Hover underline animation
<p class="hover-underline-animation">Hover this text to see the effect!</p>
.hover-underline-animation {
display: inline-block;
position: relative;
color: #0087ca;
}
.hover-underline-animation::after {
content: '';
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
transform: scaleX(0);
height: 2px;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
background-color: #0087ca;
transform-origin: bottom right;
transition: transform 0.25s ease-out;
}
.hover-underline-animation:hover::after {
transform: scaleX(1);
transform-origin: bottom left;
}
Interactivity(交互)
不能選中
Disable selection
<p>You can select me.</p>
<p class="unselectable">You can't select me!</p>
.unselectable {
user-select: none;
}
:focus-within的應用
如果子元素聚焦,則改變父子的樣式
Focus Within
<div class="focus-within">
<form>
<label for="given_name">Given Name:</label> <input id="given_name" type="text" /> <br />
<label for="family_name">Family Name:</label> <input id="family_name" type="text" />
</form>
</div>
form {
border: 3px solid #2d98da;
color: #000000;
padding: 4px;
}
form:focus-within {
background: #f7b731;
color: #000000;
}
鼠標懸停效果跟蹤
Mouse cursor gradient tracking
<button class="mouse-cursor-gradient-tracking"><span>Hover me</span></button>
.mouse-cursor-gradient-tracking {
position: relative;
background: #7983ff;
padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
font-size: 1.2rem;
border: none;
color: white;
cursor: pointer;
outline: none;
overflow: hidden;
}
.mouse-cursor-gradient-tracking span {
position: relative;
}
.mouse-cursor-gradient-tracking::before {
--size: 0;
content: '';
position: absolute;
left: var(--x);
top: var(--y);
width: var(--size);
height: var(--size);
background: radial-gradient(circle closest-side, pink, transparent);
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
transition: width 0.2s ease, height 0.2s ease;
}
.mouse-cursor-gradient-tracking:hover::before {
--size: 200px;
}
var btn = document.querySelector('.mouse-cursor-gradient-tracking')
btn.onmousemove = function(e) {
var x = e.pageX - btn.offsetLeft - btn.offsetParent.offsetLeft
var y = e.pageY - btn.offsetTop - btn.offsetParent.offsetTop
btn.style.setProperty('--x', x + 'px')
btn.style.setProperty('--y', y + 'px')
}
懸浮彈出菜單
Popout menu
<div class="reference" tabindex="0"><div class="popout-menu">Popout menu</div></div>
.reference {
position: relative;
background: tomato;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
}
.popout-menu {
position: absolute;
visibility: hidden;
left: 100%;
background: #333;
color: white;
padding: 15px;
}
.reference:hover > .popout-menu,
.reference:focus > .popout-menu,
.reference:focus-within > .popout-menu {
visibility: visible;
}
用純css控制子兄弟(退出)的效果
Sibling fade
<div class="sibling-fade">
<span>Item 1</span> <span>Item 2</span> <span>Item 3</span> <span>Item 4</span>
<span>Item 5</span> <span>Item 6</span>
</div>
span {
padding: 0 1rem;
transition: opacity 0.2s;
}
.sibling-fade:hover span:not(:hover) {
opacity: 0.5;
}
開關按鈕
Toggle switch
<input type="checkbox" id="toggle" class="offscreen" /> <label for="toggle" class="switch"></label>
.switch {
position: relative;
display: inline-block;
width: 40px;
height: 20px;
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
border-radius: 20px;
transition: all 0.3s;
}
.switch::after {
content: '';
position: absolute;
width: 18px;
height: 18px;
border-radius: 18px;
background-color: white;
top: 1px;
left: 1px;
transition: all 0.3s;
}
input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch::after {
transform: translateX(20px);
}
input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch {
background-color: #7983ff;
}
.offscreen {
position: absolute;
left: -9999px;
}
Other(其他)
數學計算樣式值
Calc()
<div class="box-example"></div>
.box-example {
height: 280px;
background: #222 url('https://image.ibb.co/fUL9nS/wolf.png') no-repeat;
background-position: calc(100% - 20px) calc(100% - 20px);
}
計數器復位
Counter
<ul>
<li>List item</li>
<li>List item</li>
<li>
List item
<ul>
<li>List item</li>
<li>List item</li>
<li>List item</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
自定義變量
Custom variables
<p class="custom-variables">CSS is awesome!</p>
:root {
/* Place variables within here to use the variables globally. */
}
.custom-variables {
--some-color: #da7800;
--some-keyword: italic;
--some-size: 1.25em;
--some-complex-value: 1px 1px 2px whitesmoke, 0 0 1em slategray, 0 0 0.2em slategray;
color: var(--some-color);
font-size: var(--some-size);
font-style: var(--some-keyword);
text-shadow: var(--some-complex-value);
}