MySQL主從複製簡介
MySQL的主從複製方案與scp/rsync等文件級別同步是類似的，都是數據的傳輸。只不過MySQL無需藉助第三方工具，而是其自帶的複製功能，MySQL的主從複製並不是數據庫磁盤上的文件直接拷貝複製，而是通過邏輯的Binlog日誌複製到同步的數據本地然後讀取裏面SQL語句應用到數據庫的過程。
實戰操作
雙實例端口
[root@db02 3306]# netstat -luntp|grep 330 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 64040/mysqld tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 55735/mysqld
MySQL版本號
mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 5.5.32 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1.修改雙主my.cnf配置文件
3306
[root@db02 3306]# grep -B 6 "stop" my.cnf #______m-m m1 start_________ auto_increment_increment = 2 auto_increment_offset = 1 log-slave-updates log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin expire_logs_days = 7 #______m-m m1 stop_________
3307
[root@db02 3306]# grep -B 6 "stop" ../3307/my.cnf #______m-m m1 start_________ auto_increment_increment = 2 auto_increment_offset = 2 log-slave-updates log-bin = /data/3307/mysql-bin expire_logs_days = 7 #______m-m m1 stop_________
2.重啓服務
[root@db02 3306]# ./mysql stop Stoping MySQL... [root@db02 3306]# ./mysql start Starting MySQL... [root@db02 3306]# ../3307/mysql stop Stoping MySQL... [root@db02 3306]# ../3307/mysql start Starting MySQL... [root@db02 3306]# netstat -luntp|grep 330 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3691/mysqld tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4464/mysqld
3.進入3306數據庫創建rep用戶進行授權
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to rep@'172.16.1.%' identified by 'oldboy123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show grants for rep@'172.16.1.%'\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Grants for [email protected].%: GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'rep'@'172.16.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*FE28814B4A8B3309DAC6ED7D3237ADED6DA1E515' 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
4.備份3306數據庫，並導入3307數據量。
[root@db02 3306]# mysqldump -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -A -B -x --events --master-data=2|gzip >/server/backup/rep_3306_$(date +%F).sql.gz [root@db02 3306]# ls -l /server/backup/rep_3306_$(date +%F).sql.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 144934 12月 25 22:57 /server/backup/rep_3306_2015-12-25.sql.gz [root@db02 3306]# gzip -d /server/backup/rep_3306_2015-12-25.sql.gz [root@db02 3306]# ll /server/backup/rep_3306_2015-12-25.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 531949 12月 25 22:57 /server/backup/rep_3306_2015-12-25.sql [root@db02 3306]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock </server/backup/rep_3306_2015-12-25.sql
在備份是一定要--master-data=2，不然在導入3307時會報錯，每次備份完成後檢查。
4.進入3307數據庫進行與3306複製的修改
[root@db02 3306]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. ........ mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO -> MASTER_HOST='172.16.1.52', -> MASTER_PORT=3306, -> MASTER_USER='rep', -> MASTER_PASSWORD='oldboy123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 172.16.1.52 Master_User: rep Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107 Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 253 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ........
5.進行測試
3306創建
mysql> create database abc; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
3307查看
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | abc | | mysql | | oldboy | | oldboy_gbk | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
6.備份3307數據庫並導入3306數據庫。
[root@db02 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -A -B -x --events --master-data=2|gzip >/server/backup/rep_3307_$(date +%F).sql.gz [root@db02 ~]# ls -l /server/backup/rep_3307_$(date +%F).sql.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 144734 12月 25 23:31 /server/backup/rep_3307_2015-12-25.sql.gz [root@db02 ~]# gzip -d /server/backup/rep_3307_2015-12-25.sql.gz [root@db02 ~]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock </server/backup/rep_3307_2015-12-25.sql mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to rep@'172.16.1.%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
7.進入3306數據庫進行與3307複製的修改
[root@db02 ~]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock ....... mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO -> MASTER_HOST='172.16.1.52', -> MASTER_PORT=3307, -> MASTER_USER='rep', -> MASTER_PASSWORD='oldboy123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 172.16.1.52 Master_User: rep Master_Port: 3307 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1064183 Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 1061699 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
8.進行兩端自增長測試
3306
mysql> CREATE TABLE `zizeng` (
-> `REL_ID` bigint(12) NOT NULL auto_increment COMMENT '流水id',
-> `ARTICLE_TITLE` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '文章標題',
-> PRIMARY KEY (`REL_ID`)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into zizeng(ARTICLE_TITLE) values('odlboy');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into zizeng(ARTICLE_TITLE) values('oldgirl');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from zizeng;
+--------+---------------+
| REL_ID | ARTICLE_TITLE |
+--------+---------------+
| 1 | odlboy |
| 3 | oldgirl |
+--------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)3307
mysql> select * from zizeng;
+--------+---------------+
| REL_ID | ARTICLE_TITLE |
+--------+---------------+
| 1 | odlboy |
| 3 | oldgirl |
+--------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into zizeng(ARTICLE_TITLE) values('abc');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into zizeng(ARTICLE_TITLE) values('abcd');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from zizeng;
+--------+---------------+
| REL_ID | ARTICLE_TITLE |
+--------+---------------+
| 1 | odlboy |
| 3 | oldgirl |
| 4 | abc |
| 6 | abcd |
+--------+---------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)常見問題
1、授權問題
mysql5.5授權的時候：
GRANT REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'rep'@'10.0.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '123456'
在主從複製的時候狀態會一直顯示connecting，所以在授權時請選擇：
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'rep'@'10.0.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '123456'
2、change master配置
change master 裏面的東西如果設置錯了，修改master info不會生效的，請執行 reset slave all;進行清除所有slave數據。
3、change master空格
Last_IO_Error: Got fatal error 1236 from master when reading data from binary log: 'Could not find first log file name in binary log index file'
這個是配置
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.1.52', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='rep', MASTER_PASSWORD='oldboy123', MASTER_LOG_FILE=' mysql-bin.000010', MASTER_LOG_POS=194;
其中MASTER_LOG_FILE=' mysql-bin.000010',文件位置多了空格。切記不可加空格！！！！