mariadb

MariaDB介紹    

    MariaDB數據庫管理系統是MySQL的一個分支，主要由開源社區在維護，採用GPL授權許可。開發這個分支的原因之一是：甲骨文公司收購了MySQL後，有將MySQL閉源的潛在風險，因此社區採用分支的方式來避開這個風險。 MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL，包括API和命令行，使之能輕鬆成爲MySQL的代替品。在存儲引擎方面，使用XtraDB（英語：XtraDB）來代替MySQL的InnoDB。

 

   爲了將開源進行到底，接下來讓我們編譯安裝並使用一個MariaDB

 

編譯安裝MariaDB

2、創建mysql用戶mysql組（考慮到應用安全）    

#groupadd -r mysql     創建mysql組 #useradd -g mysql -r -d /mydata/data 創建mysql用戶 #chown mysql;mysql /mydata/data 更改數據目錄的屬主屬組

 

  3、安裝編譯器cmake    

#yum -y install cmake

 

     

安裝特定的開發包(防止編譯時出錯) #yum -y install readline-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel

       

cmake指定編譯選項的方式不同於make，其實現方式對比如下： ./configure           cmake . ./configure --help    cmake . -LH or                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     指定安裝文件的安裝路徑時常用的選項： -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     默認編譯的存儲引擎包括：csv、myisam、myisammrg和heap。若要安裝其它存儲引擎，可以使用類似如下編譯選項： -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   若要明確指定不編譯某存儲引擎，可以使用類似如下的選項： -DWITHOUT_<ENGINE>_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 比如： -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   如若要編譯進其它功能，如SSL等，則可使用類似如下選項來實現編譯時使用某庫或不使用某庫： -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   其它常用的選項： -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_DEBUG=0 -DENABLE_PROFILING=1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       如果想清理此前的編譯所生成的文件，則需要使用如下命令： make clean rm CMakeCache.txt

  

  4、下載MariaDB源碼包5.5.36

     

下載地址 #https://downloads.mariadb.org/interstitial/mariadb-5.5.36/kvm-tarbake-jaunty-x86/mariadb-5.5.36.tar.gz/from/http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb

    

   

 

  5、編譯安裝  

#tar xf mariadb-5.5.36.tar.gz #cd mariadb-5.5.36 #cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/mydata/data/ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STPRAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWIYH_READLINE=1 -DWIYH_SSL=system -DVITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_LOBWRAP=0 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci #make && make install

 

  6、準備MariaDB腳本及配置文件

 

初始化數據庫 #cd /usr/local/mysql #chown -R mysql:mysql *  更改屬主屬組 #scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mydata/data --user=mysql 初始化庫文件 #chown -R root * 更改屬主爲root

 

   

提供腳本 #cd /usr/local/mysql #cp support-files/mysql.server  /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld 提供腳本 #chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld   賦予執行權限 #chkconfig --add mysqld   添加mysqld爲系統服務 #chkconfig mysqld on      添加爲開機啓動

   

提供配置文件 #cd /usr/local/mysql #cp support-files/my-large.cnf  /etc/my.cnf #vim /etc/my.cnf 編輯配置文件[mysqld]段填寫如下內容 [mysqld] datadir = /mydata/data  數據目錄 thread_concurrency = 4  設置線程數=核心數x2

 

 7、提供二進制文件，庫文件，頭文件，man手冊

   

提供二進制文件 # echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 提供庫文件 # echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf 提供頭文件 # ln -sv /usr/local/include /usr/include/mysql 提供man手冊 # echo 'MANPATH /usr/local/mysql' >> /etc/man.config # man -M /usr/local/mysql/man mysqld 讓man手冊立刻生效爲最新

      

 8、啓動服務，連接MariaDB服務器

  

啓動服務 #service mysqld start #ss -ntl | grep :3306

   

   

   

 

初始化MariaDB

  1、初始化第一個操作

配置文件my.cnf           集中式的配置：多個應用程序共用的配置文件           [mysqld]           [mysqld_safe]           [client] 查看mysql服務器的所有配置信息          #cd /usr/local/mysql/bin          #. /mysqld --help --verbose | head -20 Default options are read from the following files in the given order:          /etc/mysql/my.conf  /etc/my.cnf  ~/.my.conf          使用配置文件的方式          1、它一次查找每個需要查找的文件，結果是所有文件的並集          2、如果某參數在多個文件中出現多次，後讀取的最終生效                                                                           # /user/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --help --verbose          1、顯示mysqld程序啓動時可用的選項，通常都是長選項          2、顯示mysqld的配置文件中可用的服務變量             mysql> SHOW GLOGAL VARIABLES             mysql> SHOW SESSION VARIABLES

  

    2、初始化第二個操作

 

   

1、刪除所有匿名用戶       mysql> DROP USER ''@'localhost';       mysql> DROP  USER ''@'127.0.0.1';  2、給所有的root用戶設定密碼：    第一種方式      mysql> set password for usrName@hostName = password('your_passwd');    第二種方式      mysql> update user set password = password('your_passwd') where user = 'root'      mysql> flush privileges;    第三種方式 (shell命令)     # mysqladmin -uUserName -hHost password 'new_passwd' -p       Host爲遠程mysql服務器的ip地址     # msyqladmin -uUserName -hHost -p flush-privileges;

   

    

本文出自 “西風瘦豬” 博客，請務必保留此出處http://jungege.blog.51cto.com/4102814/1394924