oracle 11G 靜默安裝

首先上傳：

上傳兩個database軟件包到/dir 目錄下

Unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip

Unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

請記住這兩個軟件包一個一個解壓。

[root@qhdb2 dir]#groupadd oinstall   創建安裝組

[root@qhdb2 dir]#useradd -g oinstall -d /home/oracle oracle 創建安裝用戶oracle

[root@qhdb2 dir]#echo oracle |passwd  --stdin oracle  賦予oracle用戶密碼爲：oracle

編輯oracle 參數文件

[oracle@qhdb2 ~]$more .bash_profile

# .bash_profile

 

# Get the aliasesand functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc]; then

        . ~/.bashrc

fi

 

# User specificenvironment and startup programs

 

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

 

export PATH

 

exportORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

exportORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1

exportORACLE_SID=db2

 

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH

exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

 

if [$USER = "oracle" ]; then

        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then

                ulimit -p 16384

                ulimit -p 65536

        else

                ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

        fi

fi

 

umask 022

標紅的部分在oracle11GR2以前版本是必須的、到了oracle11GR2以後版本可以不寫。

Vim  /etc/sysctl.conf    加入如下：

fs.aio-max-nr =1048576

fs.file-max =6815744

kernel.shmall =2097152

kernel.shmmax =4294967295

kernel.shmmni =4096

kernel.sem = 25032000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default= 262144

net.core.rmem_max =4194304

net.core.wmem_default= 262144

net.core.wmem_max =1048576

 

編輯下面文件

[root@qhdb2 ~]#more/etc/security/limits.conf

#for oracle

oracle              soft    nproc  2047

oracle              hard    nproc  16384

oracle              soft    nofile 1024

oracle              hard    nofile 65536

oracle              soft    stack  10240

#for grid

grid              soft    nproc  2047

grid              hard    nproc  16384

grid              soft    nofile 1024

grid              hard    nofile 65536

grid              soft    stack  10240

我這裏沒有裝GI，所以可以不用寫。

安裝RPM包 在這裏我就不多說了。

 

 

 

 [oracle@qhdb2 ~]$ mkdir -pv /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1

mkdir: created directory `/u01/app'

mkdir: created directory `/u01/app/oracle'

mkdir: created directory`/u01/app/oracle/product'

mkdir: created directory`/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4'

mkdir: created directory `/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1'

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1這是我的oracle_home目錄

/u01/app/oracle 這是我的oracle_base目錄

編輯靜默安裝的響應文件：

在你解壓的database文件裏面就有響應文件

你只需編輯它即可

[root@qhdb2response]# pwd

/dir/database/response

[root@qhdb2response]#

[root@qhdb2response]# less db.rsp  | grep -v"#" |grep -v "^$"

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=qhdb2

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false

oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=oinstall

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall

oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=

oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=false

oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=

oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=

oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=

MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=

MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

PROXY_HOST=

PROXY_PORT=

PROXY_USER=

PROXY_PWD=

PROXY_REALM=

COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=

oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES

oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=

AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=

AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

[root@qhdb2response]#

[oracle@qhdb2database]$ ./runInstaller   -silent-responseFile /dir/database/response/db.rsp

Starting OracleUniversal Installer...

 

Checking Tempspace: must be greater than 120 MB.  Actual 15219 MB    Passed

Checking swapspace: must be greater than 150 MB.  Actual 8149 MB    Passed

Preparing to launchOracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2016-12-09_09-59-49AM. Pleasewait ...[oracle@qhdb2 database]$ [WARNING] [INS-13014] Target environment donot meet some optional requirements.

   CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisitesare not met. See logs for details./u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-12-09_09-59-49AM.log

   ACTION: Identify the list of failedprerequisite checks from the log:/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-12-09_09-59-49AM.log. Then eitherfrom the log file or from installation manual find the appropriateconfiguration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually.

You can find thelog of this install session at:

 /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-12-09_09-59-49AM.log

The installation ofOracle Database 11g was successful.

Please check'/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2016-12-09_09-59-49AM.log' for moredetails.

 

As a rootuser, execute the following script(s):

        1./u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1/root.sh

 

 

Successfully SetupSoftware.

OK安裝完成、在這裏它提示您要以root身份執行

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1/root.sh

這個腳本。

[root@qhdb2 ~]#/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1/root.sh

[root@qhdb2 ~]#/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1/root.sh

Check/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1/install/root_qhdb2_2016-12-09_10-03-22.logfor the output of root script

[root@qhdb2 ~]#more /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1/install/root_qhdb2_2016-12-09_10-03-22.log

Performing rootuser operation for Oracle 11g

 

The followingenvironment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1

   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

 

Entries will beadded to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

DatabaseConfiguration Assistant when a database is created

Finished runninggeneric part of root script.

Nowproduct-specific root actions will be performed.

Finishedproduct-specific root actions.

Finishedproduct-specific root actions.

[root@qhdb2 ~]#

OK執行完畢、你可以查看日誌。YES！

配置監聽，我覺得我們使用默認的監聽即可。不需要做任何修改

[root@qhdb2response]# less netca.rsp  | grep -v"#" |grep -v "^$"

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="11.2"

CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"

[oracle.net.ca]

INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}

INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""

LISTENER_NUMBER=1

LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}

LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}

LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""

NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}

NSN_NUMBER=1

NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}

NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}

NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}

[root@qhdb2response]#

創建監聽

[oracle@qhdb2database]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca -silent -responseFile/dir/database/response/netca.rsp

 

Parsing commandline arguments:

    Parameter "silent" = true

    Parameter "responsefile" =/dir/database/response/netca.rsp

Done parsingcommand line arguments.

Oracle Net ServicesConfiguration:

Profileconfiguration complete.

Oracle Net ListenerStartup:

    Running Listener Control:

     /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER

    Listener Control complete.

    Listener started successfully.

Listenerconfiguration complete.

Oracle Net Servicesconfiguration successful. The exit code is 0

OK 監聽已經完成。

[oracle@qhdb2database]$ lsnrctl status

 

LSNRCTL for Linux:Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 09-DEC-2016 10:29:07

 

Copyright (c) 1991,2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

Connecting to(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1522)))

STATUS of theLISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version11.2.0.4.0 - Production

Start Date                09-DEC-2016 10:28:20

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 47 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener ParameterFile   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener LogFile        /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/qhdb2/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening EndpointsSummary...

 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1522)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=qhdb2)(PORT=1522)))

The listenersupports no services

The commandcompleted successfully

啓動監聽OK 。

 

 

 

接下來我們就是靜默安裝建庫 DBCA

[root@qhdb2response]# less dbca.rsp   | grep -v"#" |grep -v "^$"

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION= "11.2.0"

OPERATION_TYPE ="createDatabase"

[CREATEDATABASE]

GDBNAME ="orcl11g.us.oracle.com"  實例名+主機名

SID ="orcl11g"

TEMPLATENAME ="General_Purpose.dbc"

[createTemplateFromDB]

SOURCEDB ="myhost:1521:orcl"

SYSDBAUSERNAME ="system"

TEMPLATENAME ="My Copy TEMPLATE"

[createCloneTemplate]

SOURCEDB ="orcl"

TEMPLATENAME ="My Clone TEMPLATE"

[DELETEDATABASE]

SOURCEDB ="orcl"

[generateScripts]

TEMPLATENAME ="New Database"

GDBNAME ="orcl11.us.oracle.com"

[CONFIGUREDATABASE]

[ADDINSTANCE]

DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl11g.us.oracle.com"

NODELIST=

SYSDBAUSERNAME ="sys"

[DELETEINSTANCE]

DB_UNIQUE_NAME ="orcl11g.us.oracle.com"

INSTANCENAME ="orcl11g"

SYSDBAUSERNAME ="sys"

這是dbca.rsp響應文件在這裏、我們可以修改。

以下是我的dbca.rsp相應文件  大家可以參考借鑑

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION= "11.2.0"

OPERATION_TYPE ="createDatabase"

[CREATEDATABASE]

GDBNAME ="db2.qhdb2"

SID ="db2"

TEMPLATENAME ="General_Purpose.dbc"

[createTemplateFromDB]

SOURCEDB ="myhost:1521:db2"

SYSDBAUSERNAME ="system"

TEMPLATENAME ="My Copy TEMPLATE"

[createCloneTemplate]

SOURCEDB ="db2"

TEMPLATENAME ="My Clone TEMPLATE"

CHARACTERSET="ZHS16GBK"     這是我加上去的

[DELETEDATABASE]

SOURCEDB ="db2"

[generateScripts]

TEMPLATENAME ="New Database"

GDBNAME ="db2.qhdb2"

[CONFIGUREDATABASE]

[ADDINSTANCE]

DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "db2.qhdb2"

NODELIST=

SYSDBAUSERNAME ="sys"

[DELETEINSTANCE]

DB_UNIQUE_NAME ="db2.qhdb2"

INSTANCENAME ="db2"

SYSDBAUSERNAME ="sys"

 開始執行建庫

[oracle@qhdb2database]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile  /dir/database/response/dbca.rsp

Enter SYS userpassword:

 

Enter SYSTEM userpassword:

 

[oracle@qhdb2database]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile  /dir/database/response/dbca.rsp

Enter SYS userpassword:

 

Enter SYSTEM userpassword:

 

Copying databasefiles

1% complete

3% complete

11% complete

18% complete

 

OK

[oracle@qhdb2database]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile  /dir/database/response/dbca.rsp

Enter SYS userpassword:

 

Enter SYSTEM userpassword:

 

Copying databasefiles

1% complete

3% complete

11% complete

18% complete

26% complete

37% complete

Creating andstarting Oracle instance

40% complete

45% complete

50% complete

55% complete

56% complete

60% complete

62% complete

Completing DatabaseCreation

66% complete

70% complete

73% complete

85% complete

96% complete

100% complete

Look at the logfile "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/db2/db2.log" for furtherdetails.  這是日誌信息：

注意要查看日誌信息哦！

安珅曾經就不喜歡查看日誌、一些簡單的報信息不留心 在工作中就遇到過不開心的事情哦！

 

[oracle@qhdb2database]$

[oracle@qhdb2 ~]$ps -fle | grep pmon

0 S oracle   40531    1  0  80   0- 470537 poll_s 10:46 ?       00:00:00ora_pmon_db2

0 S oracle   40601 30887 0  80   0 - 25811 pipe_w 10:47 pts/1    00:00:00 grep pmon

OK  instance name  已經OK

我們登錄數據庫進行查看。

並修改一些參數信息。一定哦。因爲這些我們雖然已經建庫OK 了，但是在成產環境中 我們還是需要一些參數的修改。

注意：修改前一定要備份好 參數文件哦

[oracle@qhdb2 ~]$cp /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1/dbs/spfiledb2.ora /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_home1/dbs/spfiledb2.ora.bak

這也是安珅的一個個人習慣、做什麼事情之前都需要備份。

 

[oracle@qhdb2 ~]$export ORACLE_SID=db2

[oracle@qhdb2 ~]$sqlplus / as sysdba

 

SQL*Plus: Release11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri Dec 9 10:50:03 2016

 

Copyright (c) 1982,2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

 

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11gEnterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning,OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

 

SQL>

SQL> show user

USER is"SYS"

SQL> selectstatus from v$instance;

 

STATUS

------------

OPEN

 

SQL>

SQL> show  parameter processses;

SQL> alter  system set processes=300 scope=spfile;

 

System altered.  設置最大連接數

SQL> altersystem set recyclebin=off scope=spfile;

 

System altered.    關閉回收站

SQL> altersystem set audit_trail=none scope=spfile;

 

System altered.  關閉審計功能。

開啓歸檔

設置SGA

等等、太多了下次再說吧。

多說一句哦  審計也是oracle的一種安全策略、審計的路徑一定是在文件系統上。

在一些大公司、銀行、證券金融一般都會開審計、除非不想開、

Oracle建議：DBA和系統工程師分開。