“一般” 時態
一般過去時：謂語動詞 ＝ did（動詞的過去式）
Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence... (2000,
Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)
6
…this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. (2014,
Reading Comprehension, Part B)
一般現在時：謂語動詞 ＝ do / does （動詞的原形或第三人稱單數）
| So far the results are inconclusive. (2009, Use of English) |
But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. (2014, Reading
Comprehension, Part A Text 2)
Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes
around sites. (2014, Reading Comprehension, Part B)
Today it makes almost no difference. (2000, Reading Comprehension, Part A
Text 2)
Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. (2001,
Translation)
一般將來時：謂語動詞 ＝ will + do 或 am / is / are going to + do
We will have a less civil society. (2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)
I don’ t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too...(2004, Reading
Comprehension, Part A Text 3)
…the problems will be different. (2002, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)
Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to
be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (2005,
Translation)
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（一般）過去將來時：謂語動詞 ＝ would + do 或 was / were going to + do
They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those
in power ...(2012, Use of English)
… it simply didn ’ t foresee what would happen next. (2012, Reading
Comprehension, Part A Text 2)
For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors… was going to
be the next casualty.(2000, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)
“進行” 時態
過去進行時：謂語動詞 ＝ was / were + doing
He was searching for tiny engraved seals... (2014, Reading Comprehension,
Part B)
Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford
Financial Services Group... (2011, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)
現在進行時：謂語動詞 ＝ am / is / are + doing
Home prices are holding steady in most regions. (2004, Reading
Comprehension, Part A Text 3)
Every cat with an owner…is running a small-scale study in operant
conditioning. (2009, Use of English)
8
將來進行時：謂語動詞 ＝ will be + doing（其中 be 動詞永遠用原形 be）
過去將來進行時：謂語動詞 ＝ would be + doing（其中 be 動詞永遠用原形 be）
以上兩種時態在考研真題當中，幾乎不出現，建議考研的同學們不用掌握。
“完成” 時態
過去完成時：謂語動詞 ＝ had + done
He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of
gambling. (2006, Reading Comprehension, Part B)
The interviewers had ratedapplicants on a scale of one to five.(2013, Use of
English)
…he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed
during the preceding twenty or thirty years. (2008, Translation)
Roman Catholicism had been the state religion... (2007, Use of English)
現在完成時：謂語動詞 ＝ have / has + done
Time…has given them legitimacy. (2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text
3)
The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an
important issue recently.(2012, Use of English)
For the most part, the response has been favorable... (2011, Reading
Comprehension, Part A Text 1)
9
Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success,
and expansion abroad. (2010, Reading Comprehension, Part B)
Families have also experienced changes these years. (2004, Use of English)
將來完成時：謂語動詞 ＝ will have + done
… relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have
arrived. (2001, Translation)
“完成進行” 時態
現在完成進行時：謂語動詞 ＝ have / has been + doing
| 角度相同 | 都表示“現在的之前” | |
| 兩種時態 | 現在完成時 have/has + done |
現在完成進行時 have/has been + doing |
| 強調不同 | 強調結果（做完與否都可以） | 強調過程 |
| 例句 | We have not won the match. | We have been working hard for several months. |
That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. (2003, Reading
Comprehension, Part A Text 1)
Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. (2010,
Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)
10
過去完成進行時：謂語動詞 ＝ had been + doing
將來完成進行時：謂語動詞 ＝ will have been + doing
以上兩種在考研真題中沒有出現過，不用掌握。
真題演練：
請用下劃線標出謂語動詞的部分，並判斷謂語動詞的時態及時態表達的含義。
1. Amazon.com received one for its “one-click” online payment system. (2010,
Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)
2. … insects would eat us up ifbirds failed to control them.(2010, Translation)
3. I am going to suggest that it is not true. (2006, Translation)
4. We will become a second-rate country. (2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A
Text 4)
5. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders.
(2006, Use of English)
6. Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. (2008, Reading
Comprehension, Part A Text 1)
7. A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking
seriously about that question. (2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)
8. Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market.(2000,
Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)
11
9. By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become
independent nations. (2007, Use of English)
10. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. (2003,
Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)
11. This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social
sciences too. (2012, Translation)
12. … for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up...
(2000, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)
2. 謂語動詞的情態
考研中常出現的情態動詞如下：
| 現在時 | 過去時 |
| must | 無 |
| can | Could |
| will | Would |
| shall（考研真題中不常出現） | Should |
| may | Might |
以上幾個情態動詞詳細用法如下：
| 情態 | 含義 | 真題例句 |
12
| 動詞 | ||
| must | “必須” | … we must also tread with caution. (2012, Reading C omprehension, Part B) Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way... (2003, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2) |
| can could |
“能 夠 ／ 可 以” |
… and the right mental workoutscan significantly improve our basic cognitive functions.(2014, Use of English) Similarly, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.(2011, Use of English) |
| will would |
“ 願 意 ／ 將 要” （表示“將要” 時常用於將來 時態） |
Will you marry me? The first draft will appear on the page... (2008, Reading Comprehension, Part B) Potential home buyerswould cheer for lower interest rates. (2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3) |
| may might |
“ 可 以 ／ 可 能” |
… expressionsmay influence emotions rather than just the other way around.(2011, Use of English) Such bodily reaction might conceivably help moderate the effects of psychological stress.(2011, Use of English) |
| should | “應該” | America should follow. (2014, Reading Comprehensi |
13
| on, Part A Text 2) Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. (2005, Reading Comprehension, PartA, Text3) |
除了表示“情緒和態度”之外，每一個情態動詞都能表示推測：
The details may be unknowable... (2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text
4)
Such searches can take years. (2014, Reading Comprehension, Part B)
… this loss of mental focus can potentially have a damaging impact on our
professional, social, and personalwellbeing. (2014, Use of English)
情態動詞的用法變體：
… the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to misleading
interpretation of what happened.(2010, Use of English)
Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. (2006, Reading
Comprehension, Part A Text 3)
真題演練：
請用下劃線標出謂語動詞的部分，並找到情態動詞，寫出含義。
1. Could it really be that simple? (2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)
14
2. Employers wouldn’ t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. (2004,
Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)
3. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.
(2007, Translation)
4. In such a case, the company’ s response may not be sufficiently quick or
thoughtful... (2011, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)
5. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next... (2008,
Reading Comprehension, Part B)
6. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the
segments of European wholesaling ... (2010, Reading Comprehension, Part B)
3. 謂語動詞的語態
被動語態的構成：be + done
Unfortunately, these critics are…forgotten. (2010, Reading Comprehension,
Part A Text 1)
被動語態與時態的結合
For example, lighting was always changed on a Sunday.(2010, Use of English)
Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. (2002, Reading
Comprehension, Part A Text 2)
15
The truth will not be known for years. (2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A
Text 4)
But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. (2000, Reading
Comprehension, Part A Text 2)
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual
discipline in European universities. (2007, Translation)
被動語態與情態的結合
In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. (2013,
Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)
… weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more
advanced races and societies. (2009, Reading Comprehension, Part B)
真題演練：
請用下劃線標出謂語動詞的部分，並找到被動語態，分辨被動是與時態還是情態相結合並理
解其含義。
1. “Benefits” have been weighed against “harmful” outcomes. (2002, Use of
English)
2. Research institutions could be opened to tours...(2003, Reading
Comprehension, Part A Text 2)
3. A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide...
(2001, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)
16
4. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. (2006, Reading
Comprehension, Part A Text 4)
5. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. (2008,
Reading Comprehension, Part B)
6. Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own
products. (2011, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)
4. 謂語動詞的否定
American professors did not possess one. (2011, Reading Comprehension, Part B)
They do not fund peer-reviewed research. (2014, Reading Comprehension,
Part A Text 3)
To be sure, the future is not all rosy. (2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A
Text 3)
With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor ... (2002,
Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)
…average height…hasn’t really changed since 1960. (2008, Reading
Comprehension, Part A Text 3)
5. 補充：謂語動詞的強調
17
Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: ... (2006,
Use of English)
But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future… (2005,
Reading Comprehension, PartA, Text2)
It did know he had a problem. (2006, Reading Comprehension, Part B