實驗環境
1.centOS6.3
2.在centOS上添加一塊10G硬盤，分兩個區，每個500M，做LVM
3.下載mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-i686.tar.gz包
一、添加硬盤並分區
1.在虛擬機中添加一個10G硬盤
2.分區
[root@client ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, norSun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier0xa37e9a46.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide towrite them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't berecoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will becorrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's stronglyrecommended to
switch offthe mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors(command 'u').
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xa37e9a46
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1305, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1305,default 1305): 500M
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xa37e9a46
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 500 4016218+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (501-1305, default 501):
Using default value 501
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (501-1305,default 1305): +500M
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xa37e9a46
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 500 4016218+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 501 565 522112+ 83 Linux
3.將分區修改爲邏輯卷類型
Command(m for help): t Partitionnumber (1-4): 1 Hexcode (type L to list codes): 8e Changedsystem type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM) Command(m for help): p Disk/dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units= cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sectorsize (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/Osize (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Diskidentifier: 0xa37e9a46 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 500 4016218+ 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb2 501 565 522112+ 83 Linux Command(m for help): t Partitionnumber (1-4): 2 Hexcode (type L to list codes): 8e Changedsystem type of partition 2 to 8e (Linux LVM) Command(m for help): p Disk/dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units= cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sectorsize (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/Osize (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Diskidentifier: 0xa37e9a46 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 500 4016218+ 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb2 501 565 522112+ 8e Linux LVM
保存
Command(m for help): w Thepartition table has been altered! Callingioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncingdisks.
二、將分區製作成邏輯卷
1.創建PV
[root@client~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb{1,2}
Writing physical volume data to disk"/dev/sdb1"
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1"successfully created
Writing physical volume data to disk"/dev/sdb2"
Physical volume "/dev/sdb2"successfully created2.創建VG
[root@client~]# vgcreate myvg /dev/sdb/{1,2}
Device /dev/sdb/1 not found (or ignored byfiltering).
Unable to add physical volume '/dev/sdb/1' tovolume group 'myvg'.
[root@client~]# vgcreate myvg /dev/sdb{1,2}
Volume group "myvg" successfullycreated
[root@client~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
myvg 2 0 0 wz--n- 4.32g 4.32g
vg_client 1 2 0 wz--n- 9.51g 03.創建LV
[root@client~]# lvcreate -L 5G -n mydata myvg Volume group "myvg" hasinsufficient free space (1107 extents): 1280 required. [root@client~]# lvcreate -L 1G -n mydata myvg Logical volume "mydata" created [root@client~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Copy% Convert mydata myvg -wi-a--- 1.00g lv_root vg_client -wi-ao-- 7.54g lv_swap vg_client -wi-ao-- 1.97g
4.設置文件系統
[root@client~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -L MYDATA -b 4096 /dev/myvg/mydata mke2fs1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystemlabel=MYDATA OStype: Linux Blocksize=4096 (log=2) Fragmentsize=4096 (log=2) Stride=0blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 65536inodes, 262144 blocks 13107blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user Firstdata block=0 Maximumfilesystem blocks=268435456 8block groups 32768blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192inodes per group Superblockbackups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376 Writinginode tables: done Creatingjournal (8192 blocks): done Writingsuperblocks and filesystem accounting information: done Thisfilesystem will be automatically checked every 23 mounts or 180days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs-c or -i to override.
5.設置開機自動掛載
[root@client~]# vim /etc/fstab # #/etc/fstab #Created by anaconda on Fri Aug 15 05:18:37 2014 # #Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' #See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/vg_client-lv_root/ ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=16663165-0f7e-47cc-a670-5c6d7cc38a08/boot ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg_client-lv_swapswap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ LABEL=MYDATA /mydata ext4 defaults 0 0
三、創建掛載點並掛載文件系統
[root@client~]# mkdir /mydata [root@client~]# mount -a [root@client~]# mount /dev/mapper/vg_client-lv_rooton / type ext4 (rw) procon /proc type proc (rw) sysfson /sys type sysfs (rw) devptson /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfson /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0") /dev/sda1on /boot type ext4 (rw) noneon /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) /dev/mapper/myvg-mydataon /mydata type ext4 (rw) [root@client~]# mkdir /mydata/data [root@client~]# useradd -r mysql [root@client~]# id mysql uid=498(mysql)gid=498(mysql) groups=498(mysql) [root@client~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/data/ [root@client~]# ls -ld /mydata/data/ drwxr-xr-x.2 mysql mysql 4096 Aug 15 06:07 /mydata/data/
四、安裝MySQL
1.下載
去官方網站下載需要的版本
[root@client ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg install.log.syslog install.log mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-i686.tar.gz
2.解壓到指定目錄（這裏是/usr/local/）
[root@client~]# tar xf mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-i686.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@client~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@clientlocal]# ls bin games lib mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-i686 share etc include libexec sbin src
3.做軟鏈接，將mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-i686鏈接到mysql，方便操作
[root@clientlocal]# ln -sv mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-i686 mysql `mysql'-> `mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-i686' [root@clientlocal]# ls bin games lib mysql sbin src etc include libexec mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-i686 share [root@clientlocal]# cd mysql [root@clientmysql]# ls bin data include lib mysql-test scripts sql-bench COPYING docs INSTALL-BINARY man README share support-files
4.修改權限：將mysql目錄下的所有文件修改成屬主爲root，屬組爲mysql
[root@client mysql]# chown -R root:mysql/usr/local/mysql/* [root@clientmysql]# ls -l total200 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root mysql 4096 Aug 15 06:09 bin -rw-r--r--. 1 root mysql 17987 Jul 15 2013 COPYING drwxr-xr-x. 3 root mysql 4096 Aug 15 06:09 data drwxr-xr-x. 2 root mysql 4096 Aug 15 06:09 docs drwxr-xr-x. 3 root mysql 4096 Aug 15 06:09 include -rw-r--r--. 1 root mysql 134493 Jul 15 2013 INSTALL-BINARY drwxr-xr-x. 3 root mysql 4096 Aug 15 06:09 lib drwxr-xr-x. 4 root mysql 4096 Aug 15 06:09 man drwxr-xr-x.10 root mysql 4096 Aug 15 06:09mysql-test -rw-r--r--. 1 root mysql 2496 Jul 15 2013 README drwxr-xr-x. 2 root mysql 4096 Aug 15 06:09 scripts drwxr-xr-x.27 root mysql 4096 Aug 15 06:09 share drwxr-xr-x. 4 root mysql 4096 Aug 15 06:09 sql-bench drwxr-xr-x. 3 root mysql 4096 Aug 15 06:09 support-files
support-files內的文件基本都是配置模版，複製需要的模版到/etc下適當修改即可
[root@clientmysql]# cd support-files/ [root@clientsupport-files]# ls binary-configure my-huge.cnf mysqld_multi.server config.huge.ini my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf mysql-log-rotate config.medium.ini my-large.cnf mysql.server config.small.ini my-medium.cnf ndb-config-2-node.ini magic my-small.cnf solaris [root@clientsupport-files]# cp my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf [root@clientsupport-files]# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]下添加datadir=/mydata/data
五、初始化MySQL
1.複製啓動腳本，並加入開機自啓動
[root@clientsupport-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld [root@clientsupport-files]# chkconfig --add mysqld [root@clientsupport-files]# chkconfig --list mysqld mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
2.啓動服務
[root@clientsupport-files]# service mysqld start StartingMySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/mydata/data/client.com.pid).
啓動服務失敗，提示沒有更新PID文件，並在/mydata/data/目錄下生成錯誤文件
[root@clientsupport-files]# ls /mydata/data/ client.com.err
進入目錄查看文件內容
[root@clientsupport-files]# cd /mydata/data/ [root@clientdata]# ls client.com.err [root@clientdata]# tail client.com.err 14081506:20:56 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /mydata/data /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld:error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared objectfile: No such file or directory 14081506:20:56 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /mydata/data/client.com.pid ended
報錯中表明：1.缺少libaio.so 2.缺少MySQL自身需要的數據庫表
刪除/mydata/data/下的文件，使用mysql_install_db腳本創建MySQL的初始化表
[root@client /]# cd /usr/local/mysql [root@clientmysql]# ls bin data include lib mysql-test scripts sql-bench COPYING docs INSTALL-BINARY man README share support-files [root@clientmysql]# rm -rf /mydata/data/* [root@clientmysql]# ls bin data include lib mysql-test scripts sql-bench COPYING docs INSTALL-BINARY man README share support-files [root@clientmysql]# ls scripts/ mysql_install_db
3.執行初始化腳本命令，指明用戶和目錄
[root@clientmysql]#scripts/mysql_install_db--user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data/ InstallingMySQL system tables... ./bin/mysqld:error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared objectfile: No such file or directory Installationof system tables failed! Examine thelogs in /mydata/data/for more information. Youcan try to start the mysqld daemon with: shell> ./bin/mysqld --skip-grant & anduse the command line tool ./bin/mysql toconnect to the mysql database and look at the grant tables: shell> ./bin/mysql -u root mysql mysql> show tables Try'mysqld --help' if you have problems with paths. Using --log givesyou a log in /mydata/data/ that may be helpful. Pleaseconsult the MySQL manual section 'Problemsrunning mysql_install_db', and the manual section that describesproblems on your OS. Another informationsource are the MySQLemail archives available at http://lists.mysql.com/. Pleasecheck all of the above before mailing us! And remember, if youdo mail us, you MUST use the ./bin/mysqlbug script!
再次報錯，提醒安裝libaio.so文件
4.安裝依賴包：yum查找libaio相關文件
[root@client mysql]# yum list all *libaio* Loadedplugins: fastestmirror Loadingmirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.btte.net * updates: mirrors.btte.net AvailablePackages libaio.i686 0.3.107-10.el6 base libaio-devel.i686 0.3.107-10.el6 base
安裝
[root@clientmysql]# yum install libaio.i686 libaio-devel.i686
5.再次執行腳本初始化
[root@client mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db--user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data InstallingMySQL system tables... OK Fillinghelp tables... OK
[root@clientmysql]# ls /mydata/data/ mysql mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.000002 mysql-bin.index performance_schema test
6.再次啓動mysqld服務
[root@clientmysql]# service mysqld start StartingMySQL.... SUCCESS!
啓動成功
查看3306端口是否啓用
[root@clientmysql]# ss –tanl
六、連接mysql
[root@clientmysql]# mysql -bash:mysql: command not found
提示沒找到命令，原因是mysql相關命令路徑在/usr/local/mysql/bin/中，並沒有加入環境變量，所以無法找到。
[root@client mysql]# ls /usr/local/mysql/bin/ innochecksum mysqlbinlog mysqldump mysqlslap msql2mysql mysqlbug mysqldumpslow mysqltest myisamchk mysqlcheck mysql_embedded mysqltest_embedded myisam_ftdump mysql_client_test mysql_find_rows mysql_tzinfo_to_sql myisamlog mysql_client_test_embedded mysql_fix_extensions mysql_upgrade myisampack mysql_config mysqlhotcopy mysql_waitpid my_print_defaults mysql_convert_table_format mysqlimport mysql_zap mysql mysqld mysql_plugin perror mysqlaccess mysqld-debug mysql_secure_installation replace mysqlaccess.conf mysqld_multi mysql_setpermission resolveip mysqladmin mysqld_safe mysqlshow resolve_stack_dump
寫一個腳本，將mysql二進制命令路徑加入環境變量
[root@clientmysql]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh ~exportPATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin/:$PATH "/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh"[New] 1L, 39C written
讀取腳本（注意這裏的點表示source，與後面的腳本路徑之間有空格）
[root@client mysql]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 再次執行mysql [root@clientmysql]# mysql Welcometo the MySQL monitor. Commands end with; or \g. YourMySQL connection id is 1 Serverversion: 5.5.33-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright(c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracleis a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates.Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
查看mysql版本
mysql>SELECT VERSION(); +------------+ |VERSION() | +------------+ |5.5.33-log | +------------+ 1row in set (0.00 sec)
查看有哪些數據庫
mysql>SHOW DATABASES; +--------------------+ |Database | +--------------------+ |information_schema | |mysql | |performance_schema | |test | +--------------------+ 4rows in set (0.00 sec)