Nginx的編譯安裝
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel cd /root/tools wget -q http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz useradd nginx -s /sbin/nologin -M tar xf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz cd nginx-1.6.3 ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/application/nginx-1.6.3/ --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module make make install ln -s /application/nginx-1.6.3 /application/nginx /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t /application/nginx/sbin/nginx
Mysql 的安裝
源碼安裝包的解壓
[root@test ~]# groupadd mysql [root@test ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql [root@test ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd mysql:x:500:500::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin [root@test ~]# id mysql uid=500(mysql) gid=500(mysql) groups=500(mysql) [root@test ~]# mkdir -p /root/tools [root@test ~]# cd /root/tools/ [root@test tools]# ll total 182348 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 186722932 Dec 21 02:25 mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz [root@test tools]# tar xf mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz [root@test tools]# mkdir -p /application/ [root@test tools]# mv mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.5.32 [root@test tools]# ln -sv /application/mysql-5.5.32/ /application/mysql `/application/mysql' -> `/application/mysql-5.5.32/' [root@test tools]# ll /application/ total 4 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 Dec 21 02:27 mysql -> /application/mysql-5.5.32/ drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 Dec 21 02:27 mysql-5.5.32
初始化Mysql的配置文件
[root@test mysql]# cd /application/mysql [root@test mysql]# ll support-files/*.cnf -rw-r--r--. 1 7161 wheel 4691 Jun 19 2013 support-files/my-huge.cnf -rw-r--r--. 1 7161 wheel 19759 Jun 19 2013 support-files/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf -rw-r--r--. 1 7161 wheel 4665 Jun 19 2013 support-files/my-large.cnf -rw-r--r--. 1 7161 wheel 4676 Jun 19 2013 support-files/my-medium.cnf -rw-r--r--. 1 7161 wheel 2840 Jun 19 2013 support-files/my-small.cnf [root@test mysql]# cp support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf cp: overwrite `/etc/my.cnf'? yes [root@test mysql]# ll /etc/my.cnf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2840 Dec 21 02:29 /etc/my.cnf
初始化Mysql數據庫文件
[root@test mysql]# mkdir -p /application/mysql/data [root@test mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/ [root@test mysql]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data --user=mysql WARNING: The host 'test' could not be looked up with resolveip. This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible with this binary MySQL version. The MySQL daemon, mysqld, should work normally with the exception that host name resolving will not work. This means that you should use IP addresses instead of hostnames when specifying MySQL privileges ! Installing MySQL system tables... OK Filling help tables... OK To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER ! To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: /application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' /application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h test password 'new-password' Alternatively you can run: /application/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation which will also give you the option of removing the test databases and anonymous user created by default. This is strongly recommended for production servers. See the manual for more instructions. You can start the MySQL daemon with: cd /application/mysql ; /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe & You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl cd /application/mysql/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl Please report any problems with the /application/mysql/scripts/mysqlbug script! [root@test mysql]#
安裝有兩個OK的字樣，表示初始化成功，
以上的初始化命令生成的數據庫文件如下：
[root@test mysql]# tree /application/mysql/data/ /application/mysql/data/ ├── mysql │ ├── columns_priv.frm │ ├── columns_priv.MYD │ ├── columns_priv.MYI │ ├── db.frm │ ├── db.MYD │ ├── db.MYI │ ├── event.frm │ ├── event.MYD │ ├── event.MYI │ ├── func.frm │ ├── func.MYD │ ├── func.MYI │ ├── general_log.CSM │ ├── general_log.CSV │ ├── general_log.frm │ ├── help_category.frm │ ├── help_category.MYD │ ├── help_category.MYI │ ├── help_keyword.frm │ ├── help_keyword.MYD │ ├── help_keyword.MYI │ ├── help_relation.frm │ ├── help_relation.MYD │ ├── help_relation.MYI │ ├── help_topic.frm │ ├── help_topic.MYD │ ├── help_topic.MYI │ ├── host.frm │ ├── host.MYD │ ├── host.MYI │ ├── ndb_binlog_index.frm │ ├── ndb_binlog_index.MYD │ ├── ndb_binlog_index.MYI │ ├── plugin.frm │ ├── plugin.MYD │ ├── plugin.MYI │ ├── proc.frm │ ├── proc.MYD │ ├── proc.MYI │ ├── procs_priv.frm │ ├── procs_priv.MYD │ ├── procs_priv.MYI │ ├── proxies_priv.frm │ ├── proxies_priv.MYD │ ├── proxies_priv.MYI │ ├── servers.frm │ ├── servers.MYD │ ├── servers.MYI │ ├── slow_log.CSM │ ├── slow_log.CSV │ ├── slow_log.frm │ ├── tables_priv.frm │ ├── tables_priv.MYD │ ├── tables_priv.MYI │ ├── time_zone.frm │ ├── time_zone_leap_second.frm │ ├── time_zone_leap_second.MYD │ ├── time_zone_leap_second.MYI │ ├── time_zone.MYD │ ├── time_zone.MYI │ ├── time_zone_name.frm │ ├── time_zone_name.MYD │ ├── time_zone_name.MYI │ ├── time_zone_transition.frm │ ├── time_zone_transition.MYD │ ├── time_zone_transition.MYI │ ├── time_zone_transition_type.frm │ ├── time_zone_transition_type.MYD │ ├── time_zone_transition_type.MYI │ ├── user.frm │ ├── user.MYD │ └── user.MYI ├── performance_schema │ ├── cond_instances.frm │ ├── db.opt │ ├── events_waits_current.frm │ ├── events_waits_history.frm │ ├── events_waits_history_long.frm │ ├── events_waits_summary_by_instance.frm │ ├── events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm │ ├── events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name.frm │ ├── file_instances.frm │ ├── file_summary_by_event_name.frm │ ├── file_summary_by_instance.frm │ ├── mutex_instances.frm │ ├── performance_timers.frm │ ├── rwlock_instances.frm │ ├── setup_consumers.frm │ ├── setup_instruments.frm │ ├── setup_timers.frm │ └── threads.frm └── test └── db.opt 3 directories, 91 files
初始化的時候可能的錯誤：
錯誤一
WARRNING:the host'test'could not be looked up with resolveip.
需要修改主機名的解析，使其和uname -n一樣，修改後的結果如下：
[root@test mysql]# grep `uname -n` /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 test localhost.localdomain localhost
錯誤二
ERROR: 1004 Can't create file'/temp/#sql300e_1_0.frm'(errno :13)
可能是/tmp權限的問題解決辦法
chmod -R 1777 /tmp
配置並啓動Mysql
1 設置啓動腳本：
[root@test mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@test mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
2 Mysql默認安裝路徑是/usr/local/mysql，啓動腳本里是/usr/local/mysql的路徑都需要替換：
[root@test mysql]# sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe /etc/init.d/mysqld
3 啓動Mysql數據庫
[root@test mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start Starting MySQL... [ OK ]
4 檢查Mysql數據是否啓動成功
[root@test mysql]# netstat -lntup|grep mysql tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2330/mysqld [root@test mysql]# lsof -i :3306 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME mysqld 2330 mysql 10u IPv4 23130 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN) 如果沒發現3306，可以 tail -100 /application/mysql/data/機器名.err查看日誌信息
5 查看Mysql數據庫啓動的日誌
[root@test mysql]# tail -10 /application/mysql/data/test.err InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created 161221 2:43:58 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start 161221 2:43:59 InnoDB: 5.5.32 started; log sequence number 0 161221 2:43:59 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '0.0.0.0'; port: 3306 161221 2:43:59 [Note] - '0.0.0.0' resolves to '0.0.0.0'; 161221 2:43:59 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '0.0.0.0'. 161221 2:43:59 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events 161221 2:43:59 [Note] /application/mysql/bin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '5.5.32' socket: '/tmp/mysql.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
6 設置Mysql開機自動啓動
[root@test mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld [root@test mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on [root@test mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld mysqld 0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off
7 配置mysql命令的全局使用路徑
[root@test mysql]# echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile [root@test mysql]# tail -1 /etc/profile export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH [root@test mysql]# source /etc/profile [root@test mysql]# echo $PATH /application/mysql/bin:/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
8 登錄測試Mysql，
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select user(); +----------------+ | user() | +----------------+ | root@localhost | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> quit
爲Mysql的root用戶設置密碼
[root@test mysql]# mysqladmin -u root password '123qwe' [root@test mysql]# mysql ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) [root@test mysql]# mysql -u root -p Enter password:
清理無用的Mysql用戶及庫
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; ### +------+-----------+ | user | host | +------+-----------+ | root | 127.0.0.1 | | root | ::1 | | | localhost | | root | localhost | | | test | | root | test | +------+-----------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> drop user ""@"localhost"; ### Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> drop user ""@"test"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> drop user "root"@"test"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> drop user "root"@"::1"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; ### +------+-----------+ | user | host | +------+-----------+ | root | 127.0.0.1 | | root | localhost | +------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
如果不能刪除用戶
mysql> drop user "root"@":：1"; ERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation DROP USER failed for 'root'@':1'
解決辦法：
mysql> delete from mysql.user where user="and host=::1" ; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
現在就可以刪除無用的數據庫了
mysql> drop database test; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
PHP的安裝
一、什麼是CGI
全稱“通用網關接口”（Common Gateway Interface），爲HTTP服務與其他機器上的程序服務通信交流的一種工具，CGI程序須運行在網絡服務器上。
FastCGI，在linux下FastCGI接口即爲socket，可以使文件socket，也可以是IP socket,
FastCGI的重要特點如下：
HTTP服務器和動態腳本語言間通信的接口或工具；
可把動態語言解析和HTTP服務器分離開；
Nginx、Apache、Lighttpd，以及多數動態語言都支持FastCGI；
FastCGI接口方式採用C/S結構，分客戶端（HTTPfuwuqi )和服務端（動態語言解析服務器）
PHP動態語言服務器端可以啓動多個FastCGI的守護進程（例如php-fpm(fcgi process management)）
HTTP服務器通過（例如Nginx fastcgi_pass）FastCGI客戶端和動態語言FastCGI服務器端通信（例如php-fpm）
二、Nginx FastCGI的運行原理
三、LNMP的PHP（FastCGI方式）服務的安裝準備
一、檢查確認Nginx及Mysql的安裝路徑
[root@test nginx-1.6.3]# ll -d /application/mysql lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 Dec 21 02:27 /application/mysql -> /application/mysql-5.5.32/ [root@test nginx-1.6.3]# ll -d /application/nginx lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 24 Dec 21 03:34 /application/nginx -> /application/nginx-1.6.3
二、檢查端口及啓動情況
[root@test nginx-1.6.3]# netstat -lntup|grep -E "80|3306" tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2330/mysqld tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 27326/nginx
三、測試訪問Nginx及Mysql是否OK
[root@test nginx-1.6.3]# wget 127.0.0.1 --2016-12-21 03:36:58-- http://127.0.0.1/ Connecting to 127.0.0.1:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 612 [text/html] Saving to: “index.html” 100%[==============================================>] 612 --.-K/s in 0s 2016-12-21 03:36:58 (149 MB/s) - “index.html” saved [612/612] [root@test nginx-1.6.3]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 7 Server version: 5.5.32 MySQL Community Server (GPL) .......
四、檢查安裝PHP所需要的lib庫
[root@test nginx-1.6.3]# rpm -qa zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libiconv-devel [root@test nginx-1.6.3]# yum install zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libiconv-devel [root@test nginx-1.6.3]# rpm -qa freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel libcurl-devel libxslt-devel [root@test nginx-1.6.3]# yum install freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel libcurl-devel libxslt-devel
五、安裝yum無法安裝libiconv庫
[root@test nginx-1.6.3]# cd /root/tools/ [root@test tools]# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz --2016-12-21 03:42:51-- http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz Resolving ftp.gnu.org... 208.118.235.20, 2001:4830:134:3::b Connecting to ftp.gnu.org|208.118.235.20|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 4984397 (4.8M) [application/x-gzip] Saving to: “libiconv-1.14.tar.gz” 100%[==============================================>] 4,984,397 276K/s in 13s 2016-12-21 03:43:05 (370 KB/s) - “libiconv-1.14.tar.gz” saved [4984397/4984397] [root@test tools]# tar zxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz [root@test tools]# cd libiconv-1.14 [root@test libiconv-1.14]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv [root@test libiconv-1.14]# make [root@test libiconv-1.14]# make install
六、安裝libmcrypt庫
[root@test tools]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http：//mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo [root@test tools]# cp epel-6.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo [root@test tools]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo [root@test tools]# yum -y install libmcrypt-devel
七、安裝mhash加密擴展庫
yum -y install mhash
八、安裝mcrypt加密擴展庫
yum -y install mcrypt
PHP服務的安裝
一、解壓配置軟件包
[root@test root]# cd /root/tools [root@test php-5.3.27]# tar zxf php-5.3.27.tar.gz [root@test php-5.3.27]#./configure \ --prefix=/application/php5.3.27 \ --with-mysql=/application/mysql \ --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/libiconv \ --with-freetype-dir \ --with-jpeg-dir \ --with-png-dir \ --with-zlib \ --with-libxml-dir=/usr \ --enable-xml \ --disable-rpath \ --enable-safe-mode \ --enable-bcmath \ --enable-shmop \ --enable-sysvsem \ --enable-inline-optimization \ --with-curl \ --with-curlwrappers \ --enable-mbregex \ --enable-fpm \ --enable-mbstring \ --with-mcrypt \ --with-gd \ --enable-gd-native-ttf \ --with-openssl \ --with-mhash \ --enable-pcntl \ --enable-sockets \ --with-xmlrpc \ --enable-zip \ --enable-soap \ --enable-short-tags \ --enable-zend-multibyte \ --enable-static \ --with-xsl \ --with-fpm-user=nginx \ --with-fpm-group=nginx \ --enable-ftp
二、編譯PHP
[root@test php-5.3.27]# ln -sv /application/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib64/ [root@test php-5.3.27]# touch ext/phar/phar.phar [root@test php-5.3.27]# make [root@test php-5.3.27]# make install
三、配置PHP引擎配置文件php.ini
1、設置軟連接以方便訪問：
[root@test php-5.3.27]# ln -sv /application/php5.3.27 /application/php `/application/php' -> `/application/php5.3.27' [root@test php-5.3.27]# ll /application/php lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Dec 21 04:29 /application/php -> /application/php5.3.27
2、查看PHP配置默認模板文件
[root@test php-5.3.27]# ll php.ini* -rw-r--r--. 1 101 101 69606 Jul 11 2013 php.ini-development -rw-r--r--. 1 101 101 69627 Jul 11 2013 php.ini-production
開發環境更多的是開啓日誌、調試信息，而生產環境都是關閉狀態
3、拷貝PHP配置文件到PHP默認目錄，並更改文件名稱爲php.ini：
[root@test php-5.3.27]# cp php.ini-production /application/php/lib/php.ini [root@test php-5.3.27]# ll /application/php/lib/php.ini -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 69627 Dec 21 04:33 /application/php/lib/php.ini
四、配置PHP服務（FastCGI方式）的配置文件php-fpm.conf
[root@test php-5.3.27]# cd /application/php/etc/ [root@test etc]# ll total 28 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1232 Dec 21 04:26 pear.conf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 21683 Dec 21 04:25 php-fpm.conf.default [root@test etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
五、啓動PHP服務（FastCGI方式）
1、啓動PHP服務php-fpm
[root@test etc]# /application/php/sbin/php-fpm
2、檢查PHP服務php-fpm的進程及端口啓動情況
[root@test etc]# ps -ef|grep php-fpm root 30568 1 0 04:36 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/application/php5.3.27/etc/php-fpm.conf) nginx 30569 30568 0 04:36 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www nginx 30570 30568 0 04:36 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www root 30572 1900 0 04:36 pts/0 00:00:00 grep php-fpm
六、配置Nginx支持PHP程序請求訪問
1、查看Nginx的當前配置
[root@test etc]# cd /application/nginx/conf/ [root@test conf]# cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.02 [root@test conf]# cat nginx.conf
2、以blog爲例
[root@test nginx]# cat conf/extra/blog.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.abc.com;
location / {
root html/blog;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}最終blog虛擬主機的完整配置如下：
[root@test nginx]# cat conf/extra/blog.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.abc.com;
location / {
root html/blog;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location ~.*\.(php|php5)$ {
root html/blog;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#location = /50x.html {
# root html;
#}
}
}檢查語法並重啓Nginx
[root@test blog]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@test blog]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
測試LNMP環境是否生效
在/application/nginx/html/blog下創建一個php文件
[root@test blog]# cat /application/nginx/html/blog/index.php <?php phpinfo(); ?> [root@test blog]#
修改本地計算機（本人是WINDOWS 10）hosts文件的DNS，並訪問blog.abc.com
針對Nginx請求訪問PHP，然後對PHP鏈接MYsql的情況進行測試，編輯test_mysql.php
[root@test blog]# cat test_mysql.php
<?php
$link_id=mysql_connect('localhost','root','123qwe');
if($link_id){
echo "mysql successfulby d!";
}
else{
echo mysql_error();
}
?>
現在我們可以用當前的環境來搭建一個簡單的web網站了，詳細設置Nginx配置文件即可！
.......