大概流程:
1.用dbunit創建初始的測試數據。
2.用spring-mock 維護測試過程中的數據會滾,這樣可以保證測試後數據庫保持原狀態。
3.用junit架構測試。
4.用dbunit銷燬初始測試數據。
http://www.iteye.com/topic/475172
package com.test.dbunit.dao;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.dbunit.Assertion;
import org.dbunit.database.DatabaseConnection;
import org.dbunit.database.IDatabaseConnection;
import org.dbunit.database.QueryDataSet;
import org.dbunit.dataset.IDataSet;
import org.dbunit.dataset.xml.FlatXmlDataSet;
import org.dbunit.operation.DatabaseOperation;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests;
import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;
import com.test.dbunit.entity.User;
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:testApplicationContext.xml" })
@TransactionConfiguration(defaultRollback = true)
publicclass UserDaoTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@Autowired
private DataSource dataSource;
private IDatabaseConnection conn;
@Before
publicvoid initDbunit() throws Exception {
conn = new DatabaseConnection(DataSourceUtils.getConnection(dataSource));
}
@Test
publicvoid saveUser() throws Exception {
User user = new User();
user.setNick("user001");
user.setPassword("password001");
userDao.save(user);
QueryDataSet actual = new QueryDataSet(conn);
actual.addTable("user",
"select * from user where user.nick = 'user001'");
IDataSet expected = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(
"com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml").getFile());
Assertion.assertEquals(expected, actual);
}
@Test
publicvoid updateUser() throws Exception {
IDataSet origen = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(
"com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml").getFile());
DatabaseOperation.INSERT.execute(conn, origen);
User user = new User();
user.setNick("user001");
user.setPassword("password002");
userDao.update(user);
QueryDataSet actual = new QueryDataSet(conn);
actual.addTable("user",
"select * from user where user.nick = 'user001'");
IDataSet expected = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(
"com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001_updated.xml").getFile());
Assertion.assertEquals(expected, actual);
}
@Test
publicvoid removeUser() throws Exception {
IDataSet origen = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(
"com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml").getFile());
DatabaseOperation.INSERT.execute(conn, origen);
userDao.remove("user001");
QueryDataSet actual = new QueryDataSet(conn);
actual.addTable("user", "select * from user where nick = 'user001'");
Assert.assertEquals(0, actual.getTable("user").getRowCount());
}
@Test
publicvoid findUser() throws Exception {
IDataSet data = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(
"com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml").getFile());
DatabaseOperation.INSERT.execute(conn, data);
User user = userDao.getUserByNick("user001");
Assert.assertEquals("password001", user.getPassword());
}
}
對Dao進行單元測試,一般有兩種思路。一是Mock,對使用的底層API進行Mock,比如Hibernate和JDBC接口,判斷接口有沒有正確調用,另一種是實際訪問數據庫,判斷數據庫有沒有正確讀寫。更多的情況下,我更傾向於後者,因爲在使用ORM工具或者jdbcTemplate的情況下,dao一般只有簡單的幾行代碼,沒有複雜的邏輯,Mock測試一般沒有什麼意義,我們更關心的是,Hibernate mapping是否正確,ibatis sql是否正確等,所以實際讀寫數據庫才能真正判斷一個dao是否正確,這也是我們關心的測試內容。
好的單元測試應該是原子性的,獨立的,不應依賴其他測試和上下文,但是要測試數據讀寫是否正確,就必須涉及初始數據的加載,數據修改的還原等操作。對於初始數據的加載,手動輸入很麻煩,一個解決方案就是使用Dbunit,從Xml文件甚至Excel中加載初始數據到數據庫,是數據庫的值達到一個已知狀態。同時還可以使用Dbunit,對數據庫的結果狀態進行判斷,保證和期望的一致。數據修改的還原,可以依賴Spring TransactionalTests,在測試完成後回滾數據庫。
Dbunit還可以對數據的現有數據進行備份,還原,清空現有數據,一個好的測試實踐是每一個開發人員一個測試數據庫,進而對數據庫的數據狀態有更好的控制,但現實可能會是共享同一個測試庫,所以這種情況下,測試的編寫必須多做一些考慮。
待測試的類:
package com.test.dbunit.dao.impl;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import com.test.dbunit.dao.UserDao;
import com.test.dbunit.entity.User;
publicclass DefaultUserDao extends BaseDao implements UserDao {
privatestatic String QUERY_BY_NICK = "select * from user where user.nick = ?";
privatestatic String REMOVE_USER = "delete from user where user.nick = ?";
privatestatic String INSERT_USER = "insert into user(nick,password) values(?, ?)";
privatestatic String UPDATE_USER = "update user set user.password = ? where user.nick = ?";
@Override
public User getUserByNick(String nick) {
return (User) getJdbcTemplate().queryForObject(QUERY_BY_NICK,new Object[]{nick}, new RowMapper(){
@Override
public Object mapRow(ResultSet rs, int index) throws SQLException {
User user = new User();
user.setNick(rs.getString("nick"));
user.setPassword(rs.getString("password"));
return user;
}
});
}
@Override
publicvoid remove(String nick) {
getJdbcTemplate().update(REMOVE_USER, new Object[]{nick});
}
@Override
publicvoid save(User user) {
getJdbcTemplate().update(INSERT_USER, new Object[]{user.getNick(), user.getPassword()});
}
@Override
publicvoid update(User user) {
getJdbcTemplate().update(UPDATE_USER, new Object[]{user.getPassword(), user.getNick()});
}
}
單元測試:
需要注意的地方就是,DataSourceUtils.getConnection(datasource), 通過這種方式獲得數據庫連接初始化Dbunit,能夠保證Dbunit使用的數據連接和當前事務的數據庫連接相同,保證能夠在參與到事務中。Spring的TransactionManager會在開始事務時把當前連接保存到ThreadLocal中,DataSourceUtils.getConnection方法,首先從ThreadLocal中獲取連接。
user001.xml
<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<dataset>
<usernick="user001"password="password001"/>
</dataset>
使用dbunit,可以通過xml文件定義數據集,也可以使用其他方式定義,比如Excel,編程方式。
Dbunit的主要構件
IDatabaseConnection
數據庫鏈接。實現類有DatabaseConnection 和DatabaseDataSourceConnection ,執行數據庫操作時需要一個連接。
IDataSet
數據集,數據集可以從Xml文件Excel等外部文件獲取,也可以從數據庫查詢,或者編程方式構件,數據集可以作爲初始數據插入到數據庫,也可以作爲斷言的依據。另外還有IDatatable等輔助類。
比如在updateUser測試中,使用了QueryDataSet,從數據庫中構建一個Dataset,再通過FlatXmlDataSet從Xml文件中構建一個Dataset,斷言這兩個Dataset相同。
QueryDataSet actual = new QueryDataSet(conn);
actual.addTable("user", "select * from user where user.nick = 'user001'");
IDataSet expected = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(
"com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001_updated.xml").getFile());
Assertion.assertEquals(expected, actual);
DatabaseOperation
通過定義的靜態字段可以獲取一組代表一個數據操作的子類對象,比如DatabaseOperation .INSERT,返回 InsertOperation,通過執行execute方法把數據集插入到數據庫。例如:
IDataSet origen = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(
"com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml").getFile());
DatabaseOperation.INSERT.execute(conn, origen);
從Xml文件中構建DataSet,使用Insert插入到數據庫,初始化測試數據。
Assertion
唯一的方法,assertEqual,斷言兩個數據集或數據表相同。
更多關於Dbunit的組件的介紹:http://www.dbunit.org/components.html
PS:使用Oracle的時候,初始化DatabaseConnection需要傳入scheme。new DatabaseConnection(conn,SCHEMA_NAME ) ,SCHMEA_NAME需要大寫。
附件提供所有代碼下載
一個DAO測試基類
package com.taobao.dbunit.dao;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.dbunit.Assertion;
import org.dbunit.database.DatabaseConnection;
import org.dbunit.database.IDatabaseConnection;
import org.dbunit.dataset.DataSetException;
import org.dbunit.dataset.DefaultDataSet;
import org.dbunit.dataset.DefaultTable;
import org.dbunit.dataset.IDataSet;
import org.dbunit.dataset.xml.FlatXmlDataSet;
import org.dbunit.operation.DatabaseOperation;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests;
import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:testApplicationContext.xml" })
@TransactionConfiguration(defaultRollback = true)
publicclass BaseDaoTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests {
@Autowired
private DataSource dataSource;
private IDatabaseConnection conn;
@Before
publicvoid initDbunit() throws Exception {
conn = new DatabaseConnection(DataSourceUtils.getConnection(dataSource));
}
/**
* 清空file中包含的表中的數據,並插入file中指定的數據
*
* @param file
* @throws Exception
*/
protectedvoid setUpDataSet(String file) throws Exception {
IDataSet dataset = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(file)
.getFile());
DatabaseOperation.CLEAN_INSERT.execute(conn, dataset);
}
/**
* 驗證file中包含的表中的數據和數據庫中的相應表的數據是否一致
*
* @param file
* @throws Exception
*/
protectedvoid verifyDataSet(String file) throws Exception {
IDataSet expected = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(file)
.getFile());
IDataSet dataset = conn.createDataSet();
for (String tableName : expected.getTableNames()) {
Assertion.assertEquals(expected.getTable(tableName), dataset
.getTable(tableName));
}
}
/**
* 清空指定的表中的數據
*
* @param tableName
* @throws Exception
*/
protectedvoid clearTable(String tableName) throws Exception {
DefaultDataSet dataset = new DefaultDataSet();
dataset.addTable(new DefaultTable(tableName));
DatabaseOperation.DELETE_ALL.execute(conn, dataset);
}
/**
* 驗證指定的表爲空
*
* @param tableName
* @throws DataSetException
* @throws SQLException
*/
protectedvoid verifyEmpty(String tableName) throws DataSetException,
SQLException {
Assert.assertEquals(0, conn.createDataSet().getTable(tableName)
.getRowCount());
}
}
使用:
@Test
publicvoid updateUser() throws Exception {
setUpDataSet("com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml");
User user = new User();
user.setNick("user001");
user.setPassword("password002");
userDao.update(user);
verifyDataSet("com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001_updated.xml");
}
http://yuan.iteye.com/blog/470418
http://www.iteye.com/topic/21630?page=2#181380
http://www.iteye.com/topic/21630?page=2#181380
http://www.blogjava.net/aoxj/archive/2010/08/26/329975.html