bash之find

find命令用於在指定的目錄下，通過指定的查找條件，查找文件，並且能夠對查找到的文件執行相應的處理或者與管道命令結合使用。

find命令格式：

find [options] [-D debugopts] [-Olevel] [path] [expression]

[options]:

      -P: 不查找符號鏈接文件，缺省選項

      -L：查找符號鏈接文件

      -H：不查找符號鏈接，如果查找到的文件不作爲expression的參數

-D debugopts:

       用於打印診斷信息，用於診斷find查不到你想到的結果

       debugopts:

tree：   Show the expression tree in its original and optimised form.

              stat：   Print  messages  as  files  are  examined with the stat and lstat system calls.  The find program
                     tries to minimise such calls.

              opt：    Prints diagnostic information relating to the optimisation of the expression  tree;  see  the  -O
                     option.

              rates：  Prints a summary indicating how often each predicate succeeded or failed.

 

-Olevel：

開啓查詢最優化

level的值爲0 , 1 , 2 , 3

[path]:

         用於指定查找目錄，如果不指定，默認爲當前目錄

[expression]:

        -amin [+|-]n:  文件被訪問的時間（分鐘）

                 +n: n分鐘以前

                 -n:  n分鐘以內

                  n:   n分鐘時

        -cmin [+|-]n: 文件權限修改時間（分鐘）

        -mmin [+|-]n: 文件修改時間（分鐘）

        -atime [+|-]n: 文件被訪問的時間（天數）

        -ctime [+|-]n: 文件權限修改的時間（天數）

                -mtime [+|-]n: 文件被修改的時間（天數）

        -fstype type: 文件所在的文件系統類型

        -user: 文件的屬主

        -nouser: 無屬主的文件

        -uid: 文件的uid

        -group:  文件的屬組

        -nogroup: 無屬組的文件

        -gid: 文件的gid

        -name pattern:  文件名

                  pattern:  文件名通配符

                          *: 匹配任意字符

                          ?: 匹配單個字符

                          []: 匹配指定範圍內的任意單個字符

                          [^]: 匹配指定範圍外的任意單個字符

         -iname pattern: 文件名，忽略大小寫

         -lname pattern:  符號鏈接文件指向的文件

         -ilname pattern: 同-lname,忽略大小寫

         -inum: 指定文件的inode號

         -path pattern: 指定要查找的文件路徑

         -newer file: 比file修改時間更近

         -perm [+|-]mode: 指定文件權限

                  mode: 精確匹配指定的權限

                  +mode:任意一類用戶（u,g,o)的任何一位權限（r,w,x）匹配

                  -mode: 每類用戶的指定要檢查的權限位（r,w,x)都匹配

          -size n[cwbkMG]: 文件大小

                c: 字節

                b: for 512-byte bloc

                w: two-byte words

                k: kilobytes

                M: Megabytes

                G: Gigabytes

 

       -type file_type: 文件類型

                    b:    塊設備

                    c:     字符設備

                    d:     目錄

                    p:     管道文件

                    f:      普通文件

                    l:       鏈接文件

                    s:      socket文件

                   

          -delete : 刪除查找到的文件

          -exec COMMAND: 對查找到的文件執行命令

          -ok COMMAND: 執行命令之前提示

          -fprint : 列出查到的文件到標準輸出

使用舉例：

[root@ccdb ccdb]# date
Wed Aug 27 12:47:57 CST 2014

[root@ccdb ccdb]# ll -h /ccdb
total 54G
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 479M Aug  9 01:14 arc_CCDB_20140809_4hpffnkg_1_1_L0
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 481M Aug 10 00:03 arc_CCDB_20140810_4kpfi7qj_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 487M Aug 11 00:03 arc_CCDB_20140811_4npfks6i_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 502M Aug 12 00:03 arc_CCDB_20140812_4qpfngis_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 466M Aug 13 00:03 arc_CCDB_20140813_4tpfq4uh_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 531M Aug 14 00:03 arc_CCDB_20140814_50pfspah_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 502M Aug 15 00:03 arc_CCDB_20140815_53pfvdmt_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 547M Aug 16 01:15 arc_CCDB_20140816_56pg268q_1_1_L0
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 475M Aug 17 00:03 arc_CCDB_20140817_59pg4mei_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 465M Aug 18 00:03 arc_CCDB_20140818_5cpg7aqh_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 607M Aug 19 00:04 arc_CCDB_20140819_5fpg9v8g_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 562M Aug 20 00:03 arc_CCDB_20140820_5ipgcjij_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 486M Aug 21 00:03 arc_CCDB_20140821_5lpgf7uj_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 571M Aug 22 00:04 arc_CCDB_20140822_5opghsce_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 621M Aug 23 01:15 arc_CCDB_20140823_5rpgkks8_1_1_L0
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 457M Aug 24 00:03 arc_CCDB_20140824_5upgn52h_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 484M Aug 25 00:03 arc_CCDB_20140825_61pgppei_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 499M Aug 26 00:03 arc_CCDB_20140826_64pgsdqs_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 513M Aug 27 00:03 arc_CCDB_20140827_67pgv26t_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 7.7M Aug 14 00:03 c-3388356195-20140814-00.ctl
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 7.7M Aug 15 00:03 c-3388356195-20140815-00.ctl
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 7.7M Aug 16 01:15 c-3388356195-20140816-00.ctl
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 7.7M Aug 17 00:03 c-3388356195-20140817-00.ctl
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 7.7M Aug 18 00:03 c-3388356195-20140818-00.ctl
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 7.7M Aug 19 00:05 c-3388356195-20140819-00.ctl
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 7.7M Aug 20 00:03 c-3388356195-20140820-00.ctl
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 7.7M Aug 21 00:03 c-3388356195-20140821-00.ctl
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 7.7M Aug 22 00:04 c-3388356195-20140822-00.ctl
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 7.7M Aug 23 01:15 c-3388356195-20140823-00.ctl
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 7.7M Aug 24 00:03 c-3388356195-20140824-00.ctl
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 7.7M Aug 25 00:03 c-3388356195-20140825-00.ctl
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 7.7M Aug 26 00:03 c-3388356195-20140826-00.ctl
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 7.7M Aug 27 00:04 c-3388356195-20140827-00.ctl
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root  10G Aug  9 00:51 db_CCDB_20140809_4gpffjc4_1_1_L0
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 4.3G Aug  9 01:12 db_CCDB_20140809_4gpffjc4_2_1_L0
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root  79M Aug 10 00:01 db_CCDB_20140810_4jpfi7o5_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root  85M Aug 11 00:01 db_CCDB_20140811_4mpfks44_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root  79M Aug 12 00:01 db_CCDB_20140812_4ppfngg4_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root  79M Aug 13 00:01 db_CCDB_20140813_4spfq4s4_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root  91M Aug 14 00:01 db_CCDB_20140814_4vpfsp84_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 102M Aug 15 00:01 db_CCDB_20140815_52pfvdk4_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root  10G Aug 16 00:51 db_CCDB_20140816_55pg2204_1_1_L0
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 4.3G Aug 16 01:12 db_CCDB_20140816_55pg2204_2_1_L0
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root  79M Aug 17 00:01 db_CCDB_20140817_58pg4mc4_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root  77M Aug 18 00:01 db_CCDB_20140818_5bpg7ao4_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 235M Aug 19 00:02 db_CCDB_20140819_5epg9v44_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root  89M Aug 20 00:01 db_CCDB_20140820_5hpgcjg4_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root  83M Aug 21 00:01 db_CCDB_20140821_5kpgf7s5_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 211M Aug 22 00:02 db_CCDB_20140822_5npghs84_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root  10G Aug 23 00:51 db_CCDB_20140823_5qpgkgk6_1_1_L0
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 4.3G Aug 23 01:12 db_CCDB_20140823_5qpgkgk6_2_1_L0
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root  79M Aug 24 00:01 db_CCDB_20140824_5tpgn504_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root  81M Aug 25 00:01 db_CCDB_20140825_60pgppc4_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root  98M Aug 26 00:01 db_CCDB_20140826_63pgsdo4_1_1_L1
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root  96M Aug 27 00:01 db_CCDB_20140827_66pgv244_1_1_L1

 

1.查找17天以前沒有修改過的文件

[root@ccdb ccdb]# find /ccdb -mtime +17
/ccdb/arc_CCDB_20140809_4hpffnkg_1_1_L0
/ccdb/db_CCDB_20140809_4gpffjc4_1_1_L0
/ccdb/db_CCDB_20140809_4gpffjc4_2_1_L0

2.查找17天沒有修改過的文件

[root@ccdb ccdb]# find /ccdb -mtime 17
/ccdb/arc_CCDB_20140810_4kpfi7qj_1_1_L1
/ccdb/db_CCDB_20140810_4jpfi7o5_1_1_L1

3.查找3天內沒有修改過的文件

[root@ccdb ccdb]# find /ccdb/* -mtime -3
/ccdb/arc_CCDB_20140825_61pgppei_1_1_L1
/ccdb/arc_CCDB_20140826_64pgsdqs_1_1_L1
/ccdb/arc_CCDB_20140827_67pgv26t_1_1_L1
/ccdb/c-3388356195-20140825-00.ctl
/ccdb/c-3388356195-20140826-00.ctl
/ccdb/c-3388356195-20140827-00.ctl
/ccdb/db_CCDB_20140825_60pgppc4_1_1_L1
/ccdb/db_CCDB_20140826_63pgsdo4_1_1_L1
/ccdb/db_CCDB_20140827_66pgv244_1_1_L1

4. 查找大於4G的文件

[root@ccdb ccdb]# find /ccdb/* -size +4G -exec ls -lh {} \;
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 10G Aug  9 00:51 /ccdb/db_CCDB_20140809_4gpffjc4_1_1_L0
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 4.3G Aug  9 01:12 /ccdb/db_CCDB_20140809_4gpffjc4_2_1_L0
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 10G Aug 16 00:51 /ccdb/db_CCDB_20140816_55pg2204_1_1_L0
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 4.3G Aug 16 01:12 /ccdb/db_CCDB_20140816_55pg2204_2_1_L0
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 10G Aug 23 00:51 /ccdb/db_CCDB_20140823_5qpgkgk6_1_1_L0
-rwxrwSrwx 1 root root 4.3G Aug 23 01:12 /ccdb/db_CCDB_20140823_5qpgkgk6_2_1_L0

 

5.查找普通文件

[root@ccdb ccdb]# find /root/ -type f
/root/.bash_profile
/root/.bash_logout
/root/install.log
/root/.cshrc
/root/nohup.out
/root/.bash_history
/root/.lesshst
/root/.bashrc
/root/.tcshrc
/root/install.log.syslog
/root/anaconda-ks.cfg

6.查找/etc/sysconfig/中以config結尾的文件

[root@unp sysconfig]# find /etc/sysconfig/ -iname "*config"
/etc/sysconfig/
/etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config
/etc/sysconfig/authconfig
/etc/sysconfig/iptables-config

 

7.查找/tmp/foo/目錄下以install開頭的文件，並刪除

root@unp foo]# find /tmp/foo/ -iname "install*" -exec  rm -rf {} \; 

[root@unp foo]# find /tmp/foo/ -iname "install*" | xargs rm –rf

 

8.查找/tmp/foo/目錄下以install開頭的文件之外的其它文件，並增加後綴名.txt

[root@unp foo]# find /tmp/foo/*  ! -iname "install*" -exec mv {} {}.txt \;
[root@unp foo]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 27 13:06 aa.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 27 13:06 bb.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 27 13:06 cc.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 27 13:06 dd.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 27 13:06 install
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 27 13:07 install.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 27 13:07 install.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 27 13:07 install.xz

 

9.查找/tmp/foo/目錄下nouser的文件

[root@unp foo]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 4008 4008 0 Aug 27 13:06 aa.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 doc  doc  0 Aug 27 13:06 bb.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 27 13:06 cc.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 27 13:06 dd.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 4008 4008 0 Aug 27 13:06 install
-rw-r--r-- 1 doc  doc  0 Aug 27 13:07 install.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 27 13:07 install.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 27 13:07 install.xz
[root@unp foo]# find /tmp/foo/ -nouser
/tmp/foo/install
/tmp/foo/aa.txt