Logstash常用插件說明

input plugin 讓logstash可以讀取特定的事件源。

官網：https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/current/input-plugins.html

事件源可以是從stdin屏幕輸入讀取，可以從file指定的文件，也可以從es，filebeat，kafka，redis等讀取

stdin 標準輸入

file 從文件讀取數據

file{
    path => ['/var/log/nginx/access.log']  #要輸入的文件路徑
    type => 'nginx_access_log'
    start_position => "beginning"
}
# path  可以用/var/log/*.log,/var/log/**/*.log，如果是/var/log則是/var/log/*.log
# type 通用選項. 用於激活過濾器
# start_position 選擇logstash開始讀取文件的位置，begining或者end。
還有一些常用的例如：discover_interval，exclude，sincedb_path,sincedb_write_interval等可以參考官網

syslog 通過網絡將系統日誌消息讀取爲事件

syslog{
    port =>"514" 
    type => "syslog"
}
# port 指定監聽端口(同時建立TCP/UDP的514端口的監聽)

#從syslogs讀取需要實現配置rsyslog：
# cat /etc/rsyslog.conf   加入一行
*.* @172.17.128.200:514　  #指定日誌輸入到這個端口，然後logstash監聽這個端口，如果有新日誌輸入則讀取
# service rsyslog restart   #重啓日誌服務

beats 從Elastic beats接收事件

beats {
    port => 5044   #要監聽的端口
}
# 還有host等選項

# 從beat讀取需要先配置beat端，從beat輸出到logstash。
# vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml 
..........
output.logstash:
hosts: ["localhost:5044"]

kafka 將 kafka topic 中的數據讀取爲事件

kafka{
    bootstrap_servers=> "kafka01:9092,kafka02:9092,kafka03:9092"
    topics => ["access_log"]
    group_id => "logstash-file"
    codec => "json"
}

kafka{
    bootstrap_servers=> "kafka01:9092,kafka02:9092,kafka03:9092"
    topics => ["weixin_log","user_log"]  
    codec => "json"
}

# bootstrap_servers 用於建立羣集初始連接的Kafka實例的URL列表。
# topics  要訂閱的主題列表，kafka topics
# group_id 消費者所屬組的標識符，默認爲logstash。kafka中一個主題的消息將通過相同的方式分發到Logstash的group_id
# codec 通用選項，用於輸入數據的編解碼器。

filter plugin 過濾器插件，對事件執行中間處理

grok 解析文本並構造。把非結構化日誌數據通過正則解析成結構化和可查詢化

grok {
            match => {"message"=>"^%{IPORHOST:clientip} %{USER:ident} %{USER:auth} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp}\] "%{WORD:verb} %{DATA:request} HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion}" %{NUMBER:response:int} (?:-|%{NUMBER:bytes:int}) %{QS:referrer} %{QS:agent}$"}
        }
匹配nginx日誌
# 203.202.254.16 - - [22/Jun/2018:16:12:54 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 3700 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/601.7.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/9.1.2 Safari/601.7.7"
#220.181.18.96 - - [13/Jun/2015:21:14:28 +0000] "GET /blog/geekery/xvfb-firefox.html HTTP/1.1" 200 10975 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)"

 注意這裏grok 可以有多個match匹配規則，如果前面的匹配失敗可以使用後面的繼續匹配。例如
grok {
            match => ["message", "%{IP:clientip} - %{USER:user} \[%{HTTPDATE:raw_datetime}\] \"(?:%{WORD:verb} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion})\" (?:\"%{DATA:body}\" )?(?:\"%{DATA:cookie}\" )?%{NUMBER:response} (?:%{NUMBER:bytes:int}|-) \"%{DATA:referrer}\" \"%{DATA:agent}\" (?:(%{IP:proxy},? ?)*|-|unknown) (?:%{DATA:upstream_addr} |)%{NUMBER:request_time:float} (?:%{NUMBER:upstream_time:float}|-)"]
            match => ["message", "%{IP:clientip} - %{USER:user} \[%{HTTPDATE:raw_datetime}\] \"(?:%{WORD:verb} %{URI:request} HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion})\" (?:\"%{DATA:body}\" )?(?:\"%{DATA:cookie}\" )?%{NUMBER:response} (?:%{NUMBER:bytes:int}|-) \"%{DATA:referrer}\" \"%{DATA:agent}\" (?:(%{IP:proxy},? ?)*|-|unknown) (?:%{DATA:upstream_addr} |)%{NUMBER:request_time:float} (?:%{NUMBER:upstream_time:float}|-)"]       
        }

grok 語法：%{SYNTAX:SEMANTIC} 即 %{正則:自定義字段名}

官方提供了很多正則的grok pattern可以直接使用 :https://github.com/logstash-plugins/logstash-patterns-core/blob/master/patterns

grok debug工具： http://grokdebug.herokuapp.com

　　　　　　正則表達式調試工具： https://www.debuggex.com/

　　　　需要用到較多的正則知識，參考文檔有：https://www.jb51.net/tools/zhengze.html

自定義模式： (?<字段名>the pattern)

例如：匹配 2018/06/27 14:00:54

(?<datetime>\d\d\d\d\/\d\d\/\d\d \d\d:\d\d:\d\d)

得到結果： "datetime": "2018/06/27 14:00:54"

date 日期解析解析字段中的日期，然後轉存到@timestamp

[2018-07-04 17:43:35,503]
grok{
      match => {"message"=>"%{DATA:raw_datetime}"}
}
date{
       match => ["raw_datetime","YYYY-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS"]
        remove_field =>["raw_datetime"]
}

#將raw_datetime存到@timestamp 然後刪除raw_datetime

#24/Jul/2018:18:15:05 +0800
date {
      match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:HH:mm:ss Z]
}

mutate 對字段做處理重命名、刪除、替換和修改字段。

covert 類型轉換。類型包括：integer，float，integer_eu，float_eu，string和boolean

filter{
    mutate{
#     covert => ["response","integer","bytes","float"]  #數組的類型轉換
        convert => {"message"=>"integer"}
    }
}
#測試------->
{
          "host" => "localhost",
       "message" => 123,    #沒帶“”,int類型
    "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T02:51:08.651Z,
      "@version" => "1"
}

split 使用分隔符把字符串分割成數組

mutate{
    split => {"message"=>","}
}
#---------->
aaa,bbb
{
    "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T02:40:19.678Z,
      "@version" => "1",
          "host" => "localhost",
       "message" => [
        [0] "aaa",
        [1] "bbb"
    ]}
192,128,1,100
{
        "host" => "localhost",
     "message" => [
      [0] "192",
      [1] "128",
      [2] "1",
      [3] "100"
 ],
  "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T02:45:17.877Z,
    "@version" => "1"
}

merge 合併字段。數組和字符串，字符串和字符串

filter{
    mutate{
        add_field => {"field1"=>"value1"}
    }
    mutate{ 
          split => {"message"=>"."}   #把message字段按照.分割
    }
    mutate{
        merge => {"message"=>"field1"}   #將filed1字段加入到message字段
    }
}
#--------------->
abc
{
       "message" => [
        [0] "abc,"
        [1] "value1"
    ],
    "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T03:38:57.114Z,
        "field1" => "value1",
      "@version" => "1",
          "host" => "localhost"
}

abc,.123
{
       "message" => [
        [0] "abc,",
        [1] "123",
        [2] "value1"
    ],
    "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T03:38:57.114Z,
        "field1" => "value1",
      "@version" => "1",
          "host" => "localhost"
}

rename 對字段重命名

filter{
    mutate{
        rename => {"message"=>"info"}
    }
}
#-------->
{
    "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T02:56:00.189Z,
          "info" => "123",
      "@version" => "1",
          "host" => "localhost"
}

remove_field 移除字段

mutate {
    remove_field => ["message","datetime"]
}

join 用分隔符連接數組，如果不是數組則不做處理

mutate{
        split => {"message"=>":"}
}
mutate{
        join => {"message"=>","}
}
------>
abc:123
{
    "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T03:55:41.426Z,
       "message" => "abc,123",
          "host" => "localhost",
      "@version" => "1"
}
aa:cc
{
    "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T03:55:47.501Z,
       "message" => "aa,cc",
          "host" => "localhost",
      "@version" => "1"
}

gsub 用正則或者字符串替換字段值。僅對字符串有效　

mutate{
        gsub => ["message","/","_"]   #用_替換/
    }

------>
a/b/c/
{
      "@version" => "1",
       "message" => "a_b_c_",
          "host" => "localhost",
    "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T06:20:10.811Z
}

update 更新字段。如果字段不存在，則不做處理

mutate{
        add_field => {"field1"=>"value1"}
    }
    mutate{
        update => {"field1"=>"v1"}
        update => {"field2"=>"v2"}    #field2不存在 不做處理
    }
---------------->
{
    "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T06:26:28.870Z,
        "field1" => "v1",
          "host" => "localhost",
      "@version" => "1",
       "message" => "a"
}

replace 更新字段。如果字段不存在，則創建

mutate{
        add_field => {"field1"=>"value1"}
    }
    mutate{
        replace => {"field1"=>"v1"}
        replace => {"field2"=>"v2"}
    }
---------------------->
{
       "message" => "1",
          "host" => "localhost",
    "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T06:28:09.915Z,
        "field2" => "v2",        #field2不存在，則新建
      "@version" => "1",
        "field1" => "v1"
}

geoip 根據來自Maxmind GeoLite2數據庫的數據添加有關IP地址的地理位置的信息

geoip {
            source => "clientip"
            database =>"/tmp/GeoLiteCity.dat"
        }

ruby ruby插件可以執行任意Ruby代碼

filter{
    urldecode{
        field => "message"
    }
    ruby {
        init => "@kname = ['url_path','url_arg']"
        code => " 
            new_event = LogStash::Event.new(Hash[@kname.zip(event.get('message').split('?'))]) 
            event.append(new_event)"
    }
    if [url_arg]{
        kv{
            source => "url_arg"
            field_split => "&"
            target => "url_args"
            remove_field => ["url_arg","message"]
        }
    }
}
# ruby插件
# 以？爲分隔符，將request字段分成url_path和url_arg
-------------------->
www.test.com?test
{
       "url_arg" => "test",
          "host" => "localhost",
      "url_path" => "www.test.com",
       "message" => "www.test.com?test",  
      "@version" => "1",
    "@timestamp" =>  2018-06-26T07:31:04.887Z
}
www.test.com?title=elk&content=學習elk
{
      "url_args" => {
          "title" => "elk",
        "content" => "學習elk"
    },
          "host" => "localhost",
      "url_path" => "www.test.com",
      "@version" => "1",
    "@timestamp" =>  2018-06-26T07:33:54.507Z
}

urldecode 用於解碼被編碼的字段,可以解決URL中中文亂碼的問題


    urldecode{
        field => "message"
    }

# field :指定urldecode過濾器要轉碼的字段,默認值是"message"
# charset(缺省): 指定過濾器使用的編碼.默認UTF-8

kv 通過指定分隔符將字符串分割成key/value

kv{
        prefix => "url_"   #給分割後的key加前綴
        target => "url_ags"    #將分割後的key-value放入指定字段
        source => "message"   #要分割的字段
        field_split => "&"    #指定分隔符
        remove_field => "message"
    }
-------------------------->
a=1&b=2&c=3
{
            "host" => "localhost",
       "url_ags" => {
          "url_c" => "3",
          "url_a" => "1",
          "url_b" => "2"
    },
      "@version" => "1",
    "@timestamp" => 2018-06-26T07:07:24.557Z

useragent 添加有關用戶代理(如系列,操作系統,版本和設備)的信息

if [agent] != "-" {
  useragent {
    source => "agent"
    target => "ua"
    remove_field => "agent"
  }
}
# if語句，只有在agent字段不爲空時纔會使用該插件
#source 爲必填設置,目標字段
#target 將useragent信息配置到ua字段中。如果不指定將存儲在根目錄中

logstash 比較運算符

　　等於: ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
　　正則: =~, !~ (checks a pattern on the right against a string value on the left)
　　包含關係: in, not in

　　支持的布爾運算符：and, or, nand, xor

　　支持的一元運算符: !

output plugin 輸出插件，將事件發送到特定目標。over

stdout 標準輸出。將事件輸出到屏幕上

output{
    stdout{
        codec => "rubydebug"
    }
}

file 將事件寫入文件

 file {
       path => "/data/logstash/%{host}/{application}
       codec => line { format => "%{message}"} }
    }

kafka 將事件發送到kafka

 kafka{
        bootstrap_servers => "localhost:9092"
        topic_id => "test_topic"  #必需的設置。生成消息的主題
    }

elasticseach 在es中存儲日誌

  elasticsearch {
        hosts => "localhost:9200"
        index => "nginx-access-log-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"  
    }
#index 事件寫入的索引。可以按照日誌來創建索引，以便於刪舊數據和按時間來搜索日誌

　補充一個codec plugin 編解碼器插件

　　codec 本質上是流過濾器，可以作爲input 或output 插件的一部分運行。例如上面output的stdout插件裏有用到。

multiline codec plugin 多行合併, 處理堆棧日誌或者其他帶有換行符日誌需要用到

input {
  stdin {
    codec => multiline {
      pattern => "pattern, a regexp"    #正則匹配規則，匹配到的內容按照下面兩個參數處理
      negate => "true" or "false"     # 默認爲false。處理匹配符合正則規則的行。如果爲true，處理不匹配符合正則規則的行。
      what => "previous" or "next"    #指定上下文。將指定的行是合併到上一行或者下一行。
    }
  }
}
codec => multiline {
    pattern => "^\s"  
    what => "previous"  
}
# 以空格開頭的行都合併到上一行

codec => multiline {
    # Grok pattern names are valid! :)
    pattern => "^%{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601} "
    negate => true
    what => "previous"
}
# 任何不以這個時間戳格式開頭的行都與上一行合併

codec => multiline {
   pattern => "\\$"
   what => "next"
}
# 以反斜槓結尾的行都與下一行合併

Logstash常用插件說明

filter plugin 過濾器插件，對事件執行中間處理

logstash 比較運算符

output plugin 輸出插件，將事件發送到特定目標。over

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