一、二進制格式安裝
1、添加mysql用戶和mysql組
mariadb（mysql）是以系統用戶mysql的身份運行的，因此這裏首先創建一個系統用戶mysql
useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@node1 ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql [root@node1 ~]# id mysql uid=496(mysql) gid=493(mysql) groups=493(mysql)
2、下載二進制格式安裝包
mariadb 二進制分發版（類似於windows上的下載解壓後可直接運行的綠色軟件）的文件名格式爲 mariadb-VERSION-OS.tar.gz，其中 VERSION 是版本號，OS表示分發版安裝的操作系統類型
可到官網下載：
https://downloads.mariadb.org
3、解壓到指定目錄,更改安裝目錄屬主屬組,併爲其創建一個軟鏈接
tar xf mariadb-5.5.36-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local
mv mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64 mariadb-5.5.36
chown -R root.mysql mariadb-5.5.36
ln -s mariadb-5.5.36 mysql
[root@node1 ~]# tar -xf mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local [root@node1 ~]# cd /usr/local [root@node1 local]# ls apache apr apr-util bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64 sbin share src [root@node1 local]# mv mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64 mariadb-5.5.36 [root@node1 local]# chown -R root.mysql mariadb-5.5.36 [root@node1 local]# ln -s mariadb-5.5.36 mysql [root@node1 local]# cd mysql [root@node1 mysql]# ls bin COPYING COPYING.LESSER data docs include INSTALL-BINARY lib man mysql-test README scripts share sql-bench support-files [root@node1 mysql]# less INSTALL-BINARY #查看安裝說明 ... The basic commands that you must execute to install and use a MariaDB binary distribution are: shell> groupadd mysql shell> useradd -g mysql mysql shell> cd /usr/local shell> gunzip < /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf - shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql shell> cd mysql shell> chown -R mysql . shell> chgrp -R mysql . shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql shell> chown -R root . shell> chown -R mysql data shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & Note ...
4、通常應將mariadb（mysql）數據存儲於邏輯捲上，易於擴展
先創建兩個分區/dev/sda3,4
創建pv：
pvcreate /dev/sda{3,4}
創建vg:
vgcreate myvg /dev/sda{3,4}
創建lv:
lvcreate -L 20G -n mydata myvg
格式化：
mke2fs -t ext4 -L MYDATA -b 4096 -m 3 /dev/myvg/mydata
修改/etc/fstab文件，使其能夠自動掛載
LABEL=MYDATA（或UUID或/dev/mapper/myvg-lvdata) /mydata ext4 defaults 0 0
創建掛載點
mkdir /mydata
mount -a
在/mydata下創建data目錄，並修改其屬主屬組
mkdir /mydata/data
chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/data
這樣，mariadb的數據目錄就創建好了
[root@node1 mysql]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000f3804
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 1332 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1332 1593 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e
Selected partition 4
First cylinder (1593-3916, default 1593):
Using default value 1593
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1593-3916, default 3916):
Using default value 3916
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (1593-3916, default 1593):
Using default value 1593
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1593-3916, default 3916): +10G
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-5): 5
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 5 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000f3804
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 1332 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1332 1593 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4 1593 3916 18666534 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 1593 2898 10489417+ 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@node1 mysql]# partx -a /dev/sda
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 3
[root@node1 mysql]# partx -a /dev/sda
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 3
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 4
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 5
[root@node1 mysql]# pvcreate /dev/sda5
Physical volume "/dev/sda5" successfully created
[root@node1 mysql]# vgcreate myvg /dev/sda5
Volume group "myvg" successfully created
[root@node1 mysql]# lvcreate -L 5G -n mydata myvg
Logical volume "mydata" created
[root@node1 mysql]# mke2fs -t ext4 -L MYDATA -b 4096 -m 3 /dev/myvg/mydata
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=MYDATA
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1310720 blocks
39321 blocks (3.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@node1 mysql]# vim /etc/fstab
...
LABEL=MYDATA /mydata ext4 defaults 0 0
[root@node1 mysql]# mkdir -p /mydata/data
[root@node1 mysql]# mount -a
[root@node1 mysql]# mount
/dev/sda2 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
/dev/mapper/myvg-mydata on /mydata type ext4 (rw)
[root@node1 mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/data
[root@node1 mysql]# ls -ld /mydata/data
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 3 11:36 /mydata/data 5、配置文件
mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak（若存在其它版本的配置文件，則將其屏蔽）
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[root@node1 mysql]# ls support-files/ #support-files目錄下存放着適用於各種內存大小的配置文件及服務腳本等 binary-configure config.medium.ini magic my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf my-medium.cnf mysqld_multi.server mysql.server SELinux config.huge.ini config.small.ini my-huge.cnf my-large.cnf my-small.cnf mysql-log-rotate ndb-config-2-node.ini solaris [root@node1 mysql]# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
6、修改數據目錄和socket路徑
vim /etc/my.cnf
添加datadir = /mydata/data(你所指定的數據目錄）
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock #某些程序或模塊通過unix socket連接同機的mysql服務時默認指向的socket路徑是/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[root@node1 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf ... [client] #password = your_password port = 3306 #socket = /tmp/mysql.sock socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock #宜修改socket路徑爲該值 # Here follows entries for some specific programs # The MariaDB server [mysqld] port = 3306 #socket = /tmp/mysql.sock socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock #宜修改socket路徑爲該值 skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 256M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 256 sort_buffer_size = 1M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M thread_cache_size = 8 query_cache_size= 16M datadir = /mydata/data #添加這一項 [root@node2 ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config ... socket='/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' ...
7、初始化數據庫
cd /usr/local/mysql
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data/
[root@node1 mysql]# ls scripts/ mysql_install_db [root@node1 mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/mydata/data' ... OK Filling help tables... OK To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MariaDB root USER ! To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: './bin/mysqladmin' -u root password 'new-password' './bin/mysqladmin' -u root -h node1 password 'new-password' Alternatively you can run: './bin/mysql_secure_installation' which will also give you the option of removing the test databases and anonymous user created by default. This is strongly recommended for production servers. See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at http://mariadb.com/kb or the MySQL manual for more instructions. You can start the MariaDB daemon with: cd '.' ; ./bin/mysqld_safe --datadir='/mydata/data' You can test the MariaDB daemon with mysql-test-run.pl cd './mysql-test' ; perl mysql-test-run.pl Please report any problems at http://mariadb.org/jira The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/. You can find additional information about the MySQL part at: http://dev.mysql.com Support MariaDB development by buying support/new features from SkySQL Ab. You can contact us about this at [email protected]. Alternatively consider joining our community based development effort: http://mariadb.com/kb/en/contributing-to-the-mariadb-project/ [root@node1 mysql]# ls /mydata/data/ aria_log.00000001 aria_log_control mysql mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.000002 mysql-bin.index performance_schema test
8、服務腳本
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld (服務腳本）
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
[root@node1 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld [root@node1 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld [root@node1 mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on [root@node1 mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld mysql 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
9、啓動mysqld服務，並查看3306端口是否已處於監聽狀態
service mysqld start
ss -tnl
[root@node1 mysql]# service mysqld start Starting MySQL... SUCCESS! [root@node1 mysql]# ss -tnl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 :::58351 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::* LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:631 *:* LISTEN 0 128 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 0 128 *:50903 *:* LISTEN 0 10 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6011 *:* LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6011 :::* LISTEN 0 50 *:3306 *:*
10、設置PATH環境變量
vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile
[root@node1 mysql]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH [root@node1 mysql]# source !$ source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
11、導出幫助文件
vim /etc/man.config
MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man
[root@node1 mysql]# vim /etc/man.config MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man
12、導出頭文件
ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
[root@node1 mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/include/mysql
13、導出lib庫
vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib
[root@node1 mysql]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf /usr/local/mysql/lib
二、源碼編譯安裝
1、安裝cmake及其它一些編譯所依賴的包
yum -y install cmake gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel libxml2-devel openssl-devel [bison] [libaio]
編譯mysql/mariadb需要使用cmake，cmake的重要特性之一是其獨立於源碼(out-of-source)的編譯功能，即編譯工作可以在另一個指定的目錄中而非源碼目錄中進行，這可以保證源碼目錄不受任何一次編譯的影響，因此在同一個源碼樹上可以進行多次不同的編譯，如針對於不同平臺編譯。
2、編譯安裝mariadb-10.0.13
⑴下載源碼並解壓
tar xf mariadb-10.0.13.tar.gz
cd mariadb_10.0.13
⑵使用cmake配置需要編譯的功能
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/mydata/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
說明：
①cmake指定編譯選項的方式不同於make，其實現方式對比如下：
cmake .-LH 或 ccmake . #查看可編譯的選項，相當於./configure --help
cmake . #配置需要編譯的功能，相當於./configure
②指定安裝文件的安裝路徑時常用的選項：
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc
③默認編譯的存儲引擎包括：csv、myisam、myisammrg和heap。若要安裝其它存儲引擎，可以使用類似如下編譯選項：
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
④若要明確指定不編譯某存儲引擎，可以使用類似如下的選項：
-DWITHOUT_<ENGINE>_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
比如：
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITHOUT_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
⑤如若要編譯進其它功能，如SSL等，則可使用類似如下選項來實現編譯時使用某庫或不使用某庫：
-DWITH_READLINE=1
-DWITH_SSL=system
-DWITH_ZLIB=system
-DWITH_LIBWRAP=0
⑥其它常用的選項：
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci #默認的排序規則
-DWITH_DEBUG=0
-DENABLE_PROFILING=1 #啓用性能剖析功能
⑦如果想清理此前的編譯所生成的文件，則需要使用如下命令：
make clean
rm CMakeCache.txt
⑶make && make install
後續步驟同上，不再贅述
[root@node3 ~]# yum -y install cmake gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel libxml2-devel openssl-devel bison ... [root@node3 ~]# tar xf mariadb-10.0.13.tar.gz [root@node3 ~]# cd mariadb-10.0.13 [root@node3 mariadb-10.0.13]# ls BUILD CMakeLists.txt COPYING debian include libmysql mysql-test pcre scripts storage TODO win BUILD-CMAKE cmd-line-utils COPYING.LESSER Docs INSTALL-SOURCE libmysqld mysys plugin sql strings unittest zlib client config.h.cmake CREDITS EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT INSTALL-WIN-SOURCE libservices mysys_ssl randgen sql-bench support-files VERSION cmake configure.cmake dbug extra KNOWN_BUGS.txt man packaging README sql-common tests vio [root@node3 mariadb-10.0.13]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/mydata/data \ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci ... ... -- Configuring done -- Generating done CMake Warning: Manually-specified variables were not used by the project: SYSCONFDIR -- Build files have been written to: /root/mariadb-10.0.13 [root@node3 mariadb-10.0.13]# ls | grep 'Cache' CMakeCache.txt #經過cmake處理後會生成該文件 [root@node3 mariadb-10.0.13]# make && make install ...