1.配置網絡目的
1.遠程登錄它
2.可以使用yum安裝其他的包
1.1配置網絡步驟
1.執行dhclient命令，自動獲取ip地址（NAT模式，它可以自動生成一個ip地址）
查看ip地址的命令ip addr
快捷鍵ctrl -L 清屏
2.配置ip地址，要知道：ip地址，子網掩碼，網關，DNS
查看網關命令iproute
公共的DNS：119.29.29.29 114.114.114.114 202.106.0.20 8.8.8.8
3.編輯配置文件
按Tab鍵自動補全命令或者文件路徑名字
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33直接回車，進入到配置文件裏面按i，進入編輯模式，用方向鍵把光標挪到最下面，另外一行添加如下內容
IPADDR=192.168.109.133 #自動獲取的ip地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 #地址
GATEWAY=192.168.109.2 #獲取的關網
DNS1=119.29.29.29 #dns
還需要更改BOOTPROTO=static和ONBOOT=yes
獲取ip地址，查看ip
root@localhost ~]# dhclient
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens36: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:e7:4a:fa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.109.133/24 brd 192.168.109.255 scope global noprefixroute ens36
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::4949:264b:7529:e05e/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
獲取網關
[root@localhost ~]# ip route
default via 192.168.109.2 dev ens36 proto dhcp metric 100
192.168.109.0/24 dev ens36 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.109.133 metric 100
編輯配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg--ens36
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static #需要更改地方，改爲靜態
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens36
UUID=78df5c4d-7093-4c7d-a0a0-92dfdff18248
DEVICE=ens36
ONBOOT=yes #更改爲yes
IPADDR=192.168.109.133 #獲取的ip地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 #地址
GATEWAY=192.168.109.2 #獲取的關網
DNS1=119.29.29.29 #公共DNS
Esc+Shift+；wq保存退出重啓網絡服務，ping百度
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart network
[root@localhost ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.baidu.com (14.215.177.38) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 14.215.177.38 (14.215.177.38): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=16.7 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.38 (14.215.177.38): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=16.5 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.38 (14.215.177.38): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=15.6 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.38 (14.215.177.38): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=15.8 ms
其他
cat 查看文件內容
如果遇到一個很長的文件，cat之後就看不到前面的內容了，此時可以用管道和less命令結合起來查看，管道符 | 作用是把管道左邊的命令交給管到右邊命令去處理
如：cat /etc/init.d/network | less
b 網上翻 f往下翻 q退出less
2.遠程登錄
xshell 登錄 遠程的linux 還有putty
Xshell個人版下載
試試這個地址能否下載：https://cdn.netsarang.net/0763e317/Xshell-6.0.0121p.exe
如果不行，就到官網（下面地址）下吧
https://www.netsarang.com/download/down_form.html?code=622
說明：License type 選擇"Home and school use"
putty官方下載地址：
https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/latest.html
這邊選擇的是xshell，可以Windows登錄linux linux登錄linux mca登錄linux
linux登錄linux
[root@localhost ~]# ssh [email protected] //登錄命令
The authenticity of host '192.168.109.133 (192.168.109.133)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:C3899wVB7Svy9IdEn7wPBSAbZCyrHR4nSlOQnf/thlY.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:30:f1:03:ae:84:a6:f6:d7:f0:0a:dd:a2:2f:38:0a:d3.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.109.133' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password: 輸入密碼
2.0祕鑰認證
使用一堆祕鑰進行驗證身份。公鑰+私鑰 公鑰是用來加密，私鑰是用來解密
點擊工具找到-用戶祕鑰管理者-點擊生成
保持默認
下一步
輸入祕鑰名稱-點擊完成
點擊屬性-點擊公鑰一會要用到
想驗證那臺機器就到那臺機器上去配置
把公鑰放到哪裏是要講究的
[root@localhost ~]# cd ~/.ssh/ 進入目錄
[root@localhost .ssh]# vi authorized_keys 編輯配件文件
把剛剛公鑰複製進來
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAmljL8plyVnsd8crXSYfogx6wYtMh3Xj3fkfqgS5LiYxUsqhXYmqOZZ7zpWYHeuKBAXfd/T0gjRQJKwETC/qz0kV9mIwRrW9rDlU/oo/w4afgxTtZlrYZ5mcUpExZnmL/FuccLjkEJfySfMfybTJom85NijgCpzxnvRE6BHUzQZVF+Vo5fMfu/XxSNkLr4UtbaLubsqft8deQxpQzvkzFM+87FdJFeYo+0oMYWS9ifid6DjI/OdRNxJwROMK34qgXzyhJjQpZCqwUDKa1qk1VJ6nrjDwBnSiqc0Lc/N0dldmwMOT1X8m5PYoj1a6MgRkJ/hzAdMd5acy+l1cqQ0zYGQ== rsa 2048-082719
給文件600權限
[root@localhost .ssh]# chmod 600 authorized_keys
回到xshell點擊主機名-屬性
點擊用戶身份認證-選擇Public Key-在選擇用戶祕鑰的名字-確定即可登錄進linux
總結：xshell-工具-用戶祕鑰管理者-生成-密碼留空-複製公鑰
到linux機器執行
1.創建.ssh目錄 mkdir ~/.ssh
2.進入cd .ssh
3.編輯配置文件vi authorized_keys 注：這配置文件不能打錯
4.給文件600權限
5.到xshell的會話屬性-用戶身份認證-選擇Public Key-在選擇用戶祕鑰的名字-確定即可登錄進linux
3.0Linux密鑰認證登錄Linux
到vmware
1.做一個快照 點擊右鍵-找到快照-拍攝快照
2.點擊右鍵-管理-克隆
如何命令關機？ 執行命令 init 0 或者shutdown -h now
如何命令重啓？執行命令init 6 或者reboot ，shutdown -r now
下一步 虛擬機中的當前狀態 連接克隆 填寫名稱和路徑
3.修改網卡ip
編輯vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens36
修改IPADDR=的ip
找到UUID哪行前面加上#即可
更改主機名
| hostnamectl set-hostname linux1 祕鑰認證 [root@linux1 ~]# ssh-keygen 生成祕鑰對 Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): /root/.ssh/id_rsa already exists. Overwrite (y/n)? y Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: SHA256:qk/l/cPbf5wfG2zK9g6GDZrPfR08GPuqTn/oy4eBXIM root@linux1 The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA 2048]----+ |
|
|---|---|
| . | |
| E + | |
| S ..o * | |
| + .oo++.+ | |
| o .o.+ +=*= | |
| o +.O=+*B | |
| ... .=*%X== |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@linux1 ~]# ssh-copy-id [email protected] 拷貝公鑰到那臺機器上
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
[email protected]'s password: 輸入134ip的密碼
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '[email protected]'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@linux1 ~]# ssh [email protected] 登錄
Last failed login: Tue Aug 27 10:35:04 CST 2019 from 192.168.109.133 on ssh:notty
There was 1 failed login attempt since the last successful login.
Last login: Tue Aug 27 10:23:56 2019 from 192.168.109.1
[root@linux2 ~]#
5.0重置root密碼
忘記root密碼，沒辦法登錄，需要重置密碼。
用的是祕鑰認證，忘記root密碼無所謂。只要你記得祕鑰即可。
密碼和祕鑰都支持遠程登錄。是不是說啓用祕鑰，密碼就失效 了.不是兩者二選一，密鑰難被破解
改密碼：root用戶執行passwd回車輸入兩次密碼即可，root更改普通用戶輸入passwd+用戶名即可 普通用戶自己更改也是passwd回車
如果忘記密碼和祕鑰認證。總之就是無法遠程登錄瞭如何做？
單用戶
救援模式