成人學位英語詞彙易混淆的125個詞

 

  成人本科學位英語考試,除了《成人英語三級詞彙手冊》列出的詞之外,我們學習詞彙時還應注意容易混淆的詞。英語中有些詞,詞形和讀音相近,但意義卻不同;有些同義詞,基本意義相同,但內涵的意義有很大差異。我們必須在廣泛閱讀的基礎上,仔細觀察每一個詞在不同上下文中的含義和用法,從而學會正確使用它。

  1.able, capable, competent

  able爲常用詞,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知識與時間等,一般下效率無關,用作定語表示能力超出平均水平。如:A cat is able to see in the dark. (貓在黑暗中能看見東西。)

  capable 指滿足一般要求的能力,可以是表現出來的,也可是潛在的,搭配是be capable of +doing。用作定語,表示的能力沒有able表示的能力強。如:He is capable of running a mile in a minute. (他能在一分鐘內跑完一英里。)He is a very capable doctor. (他是一位很好的大夫。)

  competent 指“勝任”,“合格”,或受過專業技術等訓練的,但不是超羣的能力。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (醫生應該能治多種病。)

  2.aboard, abroad, board, broad

  aboard 在船(或飛機,車)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.

  abroad 副詞,在國外或海外。如:He often goes abroad.

  board 爲動詞,上(船,飛機,車)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now.

  broad 爲形容詞,寬廣的。如:He has very broad shoulders.

  3.accept, receive

  accept 接受,receive“接到”,“收到”。如:I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t accept it. (昨天我收到了一個請柬,但並沒有接受邀請。)

  4.accident, incident, event

  accident事故。如:a traffic accident (交通事故)

  incident“附帶事件”,在政治上特指引起國際爭端或戰爭的事件,事變。

  event “事件”,指特別重要的事件,通常是由以前的努力而產生的結果,也指國家和社會的事件。

  5. accomplish, complete, finish, achieve, attain

  accomplish表成功,強調完成的結果而不是過程。如:Because of his hard word, things are accomplished. (由於他的努力,事情都已完成了。)

  complete 表示積極的完成,更具體地指建築、工程等的完成。如:Has he complete his novel yet? (他的小說寫完了嗎?)

  finish 最常用,後接動詞的-ing形式,表示在一個活動的連續過程中完成了最後的一步或階段。如:I’ll finish the job alone. (我要獨自完成這項工作。)

  achieve 完成,實現,強調通過努力而達到目的。如:You will achieve success if you work hard.

  Attain達到,實現,常用於一般人的能力不易達到的目的。如:Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals.

  6.accurate, correct, exact, precise

  accurate準確的,精確的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火車站的鐘應該是準確的。)

  correct“正確的”,指符合一定的標準或準則,含有“無錯誤的”意味。它的反義詞是incorrect, wrong.

  exact“精確的”,“恰好的”,比“大體上正確”更進一步,表“絲毫不差”。它的反義詞是inexact。

  precise強調“精確”,“精密”。

  7.accuse, charge, sue

  accuse 指責,指控,常與of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness.

  charge 常與with搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving.

  sue 常與for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.

  8.achieve, acquire, require, inquire

  achieve(成功地)完成,實現。如:He will never achieve anything unless he works harder. (如他不努力工作,將會一事無成。)

  acquire取得,獲得,學到。如:acquire knowledge (獲得知識)

  inquire打聽,詢問。如:inquire a person’s name(問一個人的姓名)

  require需要。如:We require more help. (我們需要更多的幫助。)

  9.act, action, deed

  act 用作名詞時,與action, deed均可表“行爲”,“舉動”。Act指時間較短的個人行動或行爲,強調結果。如:The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his apples. (農夫在孩子們正偷他的蘋果時把他們抓住了。)

  action較正式,往往指不止包含一個步驟,且持續時間較長的行爲或行動,強調行爲的過程。如:Actions are more important than words. (行動比語言更重要。)

  deed爲正式用語,多指偉大的,顯著的,感人的行爲。如:They thanked him for his good deeds. (他們感謝他做的好事。)

  10.actual, true, real, genuine

  actual 意爲“實際的”,“現實的”,指所形容的事物在事實上已經發生或存在,而不是僅在理論上可能發生或存在的。

  true“真實的”,指與實際相符,而非虛假。

  genuine “真的”,“非冒充的”,“貨真價實的”,強調正宗而非冒牌。

  11.adequate, enough, sufficient

  adequate 足夠的,指數量多,適合需要的數量。

  enough足夠的,指數量多,足夠滿足某種目的或願望。

  sufficient同enough,常可互換使用。但sufficient指數量多,足夠滿足某種需要,在口語中常用enough,在書面語中常用sufficient,在不易肯定時多用enough。Enough可放在被修飾名詞後,且可作副詞,sufficient則不可這麼用。

  12.admit, confess

  兩者都表“承認”。

  admit指大膽地承認以前試圖不論或推諉的壞事。如:John has admitted to breaking the window. (約翰已承認打破了窗玻璃。)

  Confess常指承認錯誤,罪行等。如:The thief confessed his crime to the police. (小偷向警察承認了罪行。)

  13.advice,advise

  advice勸告(名詞)。如:I want to give you some advice.

  advise勸告(動詞)。如:What do you advise me to do?

  14.adopt, adapt

  adopt (1)收養。如:Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. (他們自己沒有孩子,所以決定收養一個小女孩。)(2)採納,採用,通過。如:He adopted our suggestion.(他採納了我們的建議。)

  adopt與adapt詞形相近,後者的意思是“使適合”,“改編”等。

  15.advance, proceed, progress

  均可表“前進”。

  advance表向一個特定的目的地,在一定的時間或空間內穩定地向前運動。如:Napoleon’s army advanced on Moscow. (拿破崙的軍隊向莫斯科挺進。)

  proceed強調從一處向另一處的運動,常錶停頓後繼續前進。如:They proceeded from London to Paris. (他們從倫敦往巴黎前進。)

  peogress 多表自然過程,指生長,發展等穩定地或循環往復地前進。如:The year is progressing, it will soon be summer. (光陰似箭,很快又是夏天了。)

  16.advantage, benefit, profit

  advantage 常指一種使某人處於比其他人相對有利的地位,機會或時機。如:He had the advantage of good education. (受過良好的教育對他十分有利。)

  profit 多指報償或報償性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year? (你去年賺錢了嗎?)

  benefit 指物質利益或精神方面的好處。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我個人從這家企業中並不獲益。)

  17.advise, convince, persuade

   均可表“勸說”。

  advise表建議,規勸某人應該做某事或如何做。如:He advised me to put my money in the bank. (他勸我把錢存入銀行。)

  convince指向某人陳述事實,運用推理或邏輯證明使某人信服。如:We convinced Smith to go by train rather than plane. (我們說服了史密斯乘火車而不乘飛機前往。)

  persuade指用感情說服某人去做某事。如:I persuaded him to go back to work. (我說服他回去工作了。)

  18.affect, effect

  affect影響(動詞)。如Smoking affects health.

  effect效果,影響(名詞)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us.

  19.afford, provide, supply

  都有“提供,供給”的意思。

  afford一般只用於抽象事物。

  provide 和supply意思相同,兩個詞都和with連用,構成provide /supply somebody with something的結構。

  20.agree, consent

  agree 爲常用詞。如:Do you agree to the condition? (你同意這個條件嗎?)

  consent爲正式用詞,多用於上下級的關係,表示同意別人的要求或請求。如:Did the king consent to your plan?(國王同意你的計劃嗎?)

  21.aid, help, assist

  用作動詞均可表“幫助”。

  aid爲正式用詞,help最常用。

  assist最正式,表示協助某人做某事,尤指在體力上或具體事務上幫助和扶持。如:She employed a woman to assist her with the housework. (她僱了一名婦女幫她做家務。)

  22.alive, living, live

  alive 指雖有死的可能,但仍活着,一般只作表語。

  living可用於人或物,作定語時可前可後。

  live只做前置定語,用於動物和個別事物前。

  23.almost, nearly

  一般說來,almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近“開始”、“完成” (目標)等。

  在all, every, always 前,兩者都可用。如:He is almost (nearly) smoking. (他幾乎每天抽菸。)

  almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing 連用,而nearly卻不能。如:Almost no one believed her. (幾乎沒人相信他。)

  24.alone, lonely

  alone只表“獨自”的客觀狀態,沒有感情色彩,只作表語;lonely表“孤獨”,:“寂寞”,能作定語和表語。如:When she is left alone, she feels lonely. (剩下她一人時她就感到寂寞。)

  alone, only均可表“只有”,但alone須置於被修飾詞之後,only往往置於被修飾詞前。如:He alone (Only he) can remember the story. (只有他才能記起這段經歷。)

  25.already, all ready

  already已經(副詞)。如:The plane had already landed before we got to the airport.

  all ready準備好的(作表語)。如:We were all ready to leave when the telephone rang.

  26.alter, change

  作不及物動詞時,兩者可通用。

  作及物動詞時,alter是對局部,表面的改變,而change則是對本質的,全面的,徹底的改變。如:Can you alter the dress? (你會改做這件衣服嗎?)Can you change the dress?(你能給我更換這件衣服嗎?)

  27.altogether, all together

  altogether總計,總共。如:Altogether there are six of us. (我們總計六人。)

  all together 全都在一起。如:We played the game all together. (我們大家都一起來玩遊戲吧。)

  28.amaze, astonish, surprise

  都可作及物動詞,意思相近,一般都是以事物作主語,人稱作賓語。

  amaze強調“使驚訝”,有時還有“驚歎”,“佩服”等意。

  astonish表示“使大吃一驚”,“幾乎使人無法相信”之意。

  surprise只表“出乎意料之外”。

  29.among, between

  among 在……中間(三者或三者以上之間)。如:Our house is hidden among trees.

  between在兩者之間。如:It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese.

  30.announce, declare

  announce指宣佈公衆期望或與公衆有關的事情,含有預告的意味。如:The government announced that they would pay their debts. (政府宣佈將償還債務。)

  declare指正式負責地宣佈,聲明,通常用於莊重的場合。如:The judge declared him guilty.(法官宣佈他有罪。)

  31.annoy, bother, trouble, disturb

  annoy指外界的干擾令人討厭或無法忍受,或指某人故意去妨礙別人。

  bother打擾,麻煩,指給人行動帶來不便或身心上帶來痛苦。如:May I trouble you with a few questions?

  disturb打擾,擾亂,指使正常秩序或一時的安定受到破壞,精力一時不能集中。如:I am sorry to disturb you.

  32.answer, reply, respond

  用作動詞,都可表“回答”,“答覆”。

  answer是常用詞,後可接letter(回信),question(回答問題),doorbell(開門),telephone(接電話),advertisement(應徵廣告)等。

  reply較正式,一般只作不及物動詞,可與to連用。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的問題。)

  respond作“回答”解,用得較少,也同to 搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question. (他很快就回答了問題。)

  另外,respond還可表“對……反應”,“響應”。

  33. appreciate, enjoy

  appreciate指對事物有深刻的理解能力並能鑑賞。

  enjoy是一般用語,僅指感官或智力上的滿足,“享受”的意味較強。

  34. approve, prove

  approve(1)贊成,同意。如:I don’t approve of wasting time.(我不贊成浪費時間。)

  (2)批准,通過。如:The minister approved the building plan. 部長批准了建築計劃。

  prove和approve詞形相似,prove是“證明”,“表明是”等。

  35. argue, debate, dispute

  argue着重“說理”,“論證”,“企圖說明”,且後可接that引導的從句。

  debate着重雙方各自陳述理由,尤其是“公開地”、“正式地”辯論。如:The subject was hotly debated.

  dispute着重就分歧進行熱烈的“爭論”,含有“相持不下”或“未得到解決”的意味。如:He disputed with his wife on household expenses.

  36. arise, rise, raise

  arise表無形的東西(如困難,問題等)“出現”,“發生”。

  rise指具體事物的“上升”,“升起”,也是不及物動詞。如:The sun rises in the east.(太陽從東邊升起。)

  raise爲及物動詞,“使……上升”,“舉起”等。如:He raised his hand.(他舉了手。)

  37. assure, ensure, insure

  assure以十分肯定的語氣向別人保證某事一定會發生,後需連用人稱代詞或指人的名詞作賓語。

  ensure表普通的“保證”。

  insure表“保險”,有時同ensure可以換用。

  38. awake, wake, waken

  都可作動詞。

  awake既可及物,也可不及物,多用於比喻。

  wake常指“睡醒”,多爲不及物動詞。

  waken多用作及物動詞,常指“吵醒”,“驚醒”。

  39. await, wait

  await是及物動詞。如:I await your further instructions.

  wait“等”、“等候”,是不及物動詞,後常接介詞for。如:I will wait for you at the school gate.

  40. award, prize, reward

  award, reward作動詞。award意爲“授予(獎品,獎金等)”,後面可跟雙賓語;reward意爲“報酬”,“酬謝”,只能跟人或以人的行爲作賓語。

  award, prize, reward作名詞時,award常指獎金,獎品;prize多指在競賽、競爭中獲勝所贏得的獎;reward則指爲某項勞動或行爲所付的酬金。

  41. base, basis

  base表事物的下部的底部,多用於具體事物。

  basis多用於比喻,主要指命題的基礎。如:His ideas have no basis in reality.(他的意見缺乏現實基礎。)

  42. beat, win

  beat表在比賽和戰鬥中打敗對手,後接對手作賓語。

  Win作及物動詞時,其賓語爲遊戲、比賽、戰鬥、獎金等名詞。如:He has won the race.(他贏得了賽跑的勝利。)

  43. beneath, below, under

  beneath表示同表面接觸,與on 相對。Below表示“在下面,低於”,與above相對。

  under表示“在……正下方”與over相對。

  44. beside, besides

  beside在……旁邊。如:Come and sit beside me.

  besides除……之外。如:I have two other umbrellas besides this one.

  45. big, great, large

  big強調體積,質量,容量和重量大。如:a big box。Big也有抽象意義,指重大的事件或行爲。如:a big mistake

  great帶感情色彩,多指程度和質量,指具體事物或人時,表“突出”,“引人注目”。如:a great man

  large多指面積,數目或數量大。如:a large population, a large number等。

  46. bloom, blossom

  bloom多指供觀賞植物的開花。如:The roses are blooming.

  blossom多指果樹等植物的開花。如:The apple trees are blossoming.

  47. borrow, lend

  borrow借入。如:Can I borrow your pen for a moment?

  lend把……借給。如:Can you lend me your bike?

  48. bring, take

  bring帶來。如:Bring me some water, please.

  take拿走。如:Shall I take some flowers when I go and see her?

  49. calculate, compute, estimate

  calculate通常指用數學方法進行比較複雜,難度較大的精確計算。如:You can’t expect a schoolboy to calculate distances in astronomy.

  compute常指比較簡單的運算。如:It was computed that two thirds of the students in the class passed the examination.

  estimate估計,常指對數量、成本等事先進行判斷或估計。如:Some farmers asked the weatherman to estimate next year’s rainfall.

  50. cheat, deceive, trick

  cheat欺騙,常用詞,主要指爲了自己的利益欺騙人。

  deceive表示隱瞞真相或以假相騙人。如:The boy deceived the teacher by lying.

  trick哄騙,表示耍手段進行欺騙,強調在行騙時使用計策,有時也指並非出於惡意的欺騙。如:Tom cleverly tricked his mother into approval.

  51. childish, childlike

  childish幼稚的。如:It was very childish of him to lose his temper over something so unimportant.

  childlike孩子般天真的。如:When she won the gold medal, there was childlike smile on her face.

  52. choose, pick, select, elect

  choose是一常用詞,表一般的“選擇”。

  pick通常用於不需要認真權衡,對比就能做出決定。

  select側重“在同類的許多東西中,進行有斟酌的精選”。

  elect指選舉或用其他方法推選人。

  53. cloth, clothing

  cloth布。如:I need three yards of cloth to make a suit.

  clothing衣服(總稱)。如:You’d better give all the old clothing away.

  54. complex, complicated

  均可表“複雜”。

  complex爲常用詞。

  complicated爲正式用詞,表由於組成部分太多,相互關係太複雜而不能理解,語氣很強。

  55. compose, consist, constitute

  compose爲常用詞,常用被動語態,如用主動語態,主語應用複數形式。如:Twelve men compose a jury.(十二人組成陪審團。)

  consist表一個整體由幾個部分組成(只能用主動語態)。如:The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Island.(聯合王國是由大不列顛及北愛爾蘭組  成。)

  constitute爲正式用詞,與consist相反,表由哪些部分構成整體。如:Twelve months constitute a year.(一年有十二個月。)

  56. considerable, considerate

  considerable相當多的,可觀的。如:He met a considerable amount of trouble.(他遇到了許多麻煩。)

  considerate 考慮周到的,體諒的。如:It was considerate of you not to trouble us.(你真體貼人,不打擾我們。)

  57. consistent, constant, continual, continuous

  consistent一致的,符合的。如:His action is always consistent with his words.

  constant不斷的,表示持續和慣常的重現,往往沒有變化。如:He attributes his health to his constant exercise.

  continual頻頻的,不停的,時斷時續,中間可有間歇。如:Continual smoking is bad for health.

  continuous不斷延伸的,連續不斷的,強調中間無間斷。如:Everything in the universe undergoes continuous development and change.

  58. crack, crash

  crack(使)破裂,砸開。如:I can crack it, but I can’t break it. (我能把它弄裂,但不能把它弄破。)

  crash摔壞,墜毀。如:The plane crashed shortly after the take-off.(飛機起飛不久就墜毀了。)

  59. crawl, creep

  crawl多指蛇,蟲類等身體沿地面或其他表面的動作。如:There is an insect crawling up your back. (有一蟲子正在你的背上往上爬。)

  creep多指哺乳動物或人等用四肢爬行的動物偷偷摸摸無聲緩慢的前行動作。如:They arrived late and crept into the classroom.(我們遲到了,便悄悄地溜進教室。)

  60. cure, treat

  cure治癒,醫治。如:The medicine will cure of your disease.(這藥能治好你的病。)

  cure表示治好,treat只表示“給……治病”。

  61. current, present

  均可表“現在”,“目前”。

  current強調在現階段正在流行,通用,但不一定是最新的。如:current English (當代英語)

  present爲常用詞,指現在正在通用的,在時間上比current的範圍更窄。如:What’s your present address?(你現住址是哪裏?)

  62. custom, habit

  均可表習慣。

  custom爲正式用詞,多指社團或人們的習慣行爲方式。

  habit爲常用詞,多指個人因多次重複而形成做某事的趨勢或意願。如:He has the bad habit of biting his nails.(他有咬手指的壞習慣。)

  63. damage, destroy, harm, ruin

  均可表“破壞”,“損壞”。

  damage一般指部分性的破壞,含可修復使用。

  destroy指十分徹底的毀壞,破壞。如:The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.(地震中整個城市被毀了。)

  harm多指帶來悲痛,產生惡果的傷害,可以是肉體的也可是精神的。如:Doctors say smoking harms our health.(醫生說吸菸對身體有害。)

  ruin爲正式用詞,強調由於自然力或時間的作用而逐漸損壞,用於比喻時也指徹底毀壞名聲,期望等。如:She poured water all over my painting and ruined it. (她把水倒在畫上,把它毀了。)另外,ruin的複數形式ruins表“廢墟”。

  64. decrease, reduce

  decrease多表示逐漸縮小。如:The swelling decreased daily.(腫脹日漸消退。)

  reduce爲常用詞,使用範圍較大,可指尺寸,數量,規模和程度等,也可指地位,經濟狀況。如:He won’t reduce the rent of the house.(他不願降低房租。)

  65. dependent, independent

  dependent依賴的,依靠的(on, upon)。如:Success is dependent on your hard work.

  Independent 不依靠的,獨立的(of)。如:John was independent of his parents when he was still a child.

  66. desert, dessert

  desert沙漠。如:Have you ever been to a desert?

  Dessert甜食。如:What would you like for dessert, an apple pie or ice-cream?

  67. discover, invent

  discover發現。如:A coal mine has been discovered in that area.

  invent發明,創造。如:A kind of toothbrush has been invented to relieve toothache.

  68. duty, responsibility

  均有“責任”之意,可換用。

  duty意義較廣,多指發自內心的道德倫理上的責任感。

  responsibility着重指從道義或法律上對事件之後果負責。如:I took full responsibility for breaking the vase.(我承擔打破花瓶的全部責任。)

  69. effective, efficient

  均可表示“有效的”。

  effective常用以指物,強調能產生某種預期的效果。如:effective medicine, effective method等。

  efficient“效率高的”,“有能力的”,用以指人或物,着重有效地利用時間、精力並取得預期效果。如:The German telephone system is highly efficient. (德國的電話系統效率很高。)

  70. economic, economical

  economic經濟(學)的。如:the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉圖的經濟學說)

  economical節約的,節儉的。如:He is economical of money and time.

  71. electric, electrical, electronic

  三詞都與電有關

  electric着重於發電的,電動的或導電的。如:electric generator(發電機);electric light(電燈)

  electrical多指本身不產生電,但是與電有關的。如:electrical engineering(電機工程);an electrical transcription(廣播唱片)

  electronic 電子的,電子操作的。如:electronic engineering(電子工程學)

  72. emergence, emergency

  emergence是emerge的名詞形式。

  Emergency意爲“緊急情況”,“突然事件”。

  73. everyday, every day

  everyday每日的,日常的(作定語)。如:This morning exercise has become my everyday routine.

  every day每天(作狀語)。如:She gets up early every day.

  74. endure, bear, stand, tolerate, withstand

  都表忍受,忍耐。

  bear忍受,容忍,指忍受使人悲痛、煩惱或痛苦的事情。如:It is hard to bear to be laughed at.(被人取笑是難以忍受的。)

  endure忍耐,書面語,指長時間經受痛苦而不屈服。如:It takes patience to endure hardships. 忍受苦難需要耐力。)

  stand忍受,與bear同義,但較口語化。如:She can’t stand having nothing to do.(沒事幹,她受不了。)

  tolerate容忍,容許,指自我剋制的態度,對於令人反感的事沒有任何抗議。如:I can’t tolerate him if he goes on like that. (他如果繼續這樣下去的話,我決不會容忍他。)

  withstand經受,承受,指頂住外來的壓力和攻勢。如:They have withstood all test.(他們經受了一切考驗。)

  75. error, mistake, fault, shortcoming

  均表“缺點”,“錯誤”。

  error是通用詞,指任何錯誤,“犯錯誤”可以說commit /make an error。

  mistake指判斷或理解方面,或指因考慮不周而造成的錯誤,搭配是make a mistake。

  fault表示“過失”,可與error通用,現多用來指缺點,特指缺乏某要素因而不完美。如:There is a fault in this machine.(這臺機器有一處毛病。)構成短語 find fault with挑剔,找毛病。

  shortcoming 缺點,可指人或事物的本質上不足之處(常用複數)。如:In spite of his shortcomings, I still like him.(儘管他缺點多,我仍然喜歡他。)

  76. especially, particularly, specially

  均可表“特別地”。

  especially一般表示某事物在意義、程度、重要性性超過其他事物。如:I love Italy, especially in summer.(我喜歡意大利,尤其在夏天。)

  particularly往往着重說明與同類事物不同的個別事物。如:The visitors admired his paintings, but particularly the portrait of his daughter.(來訪者讚賞他所有的繪畫,特別是他女兒的畫像。)

  specially 多表示“專門地”,“爲特別目的的地”,如表“不尋常”,“過分”等,可與especially通用。如:I made chocolate cake specially for you.(我特地爲你做了巧克力蛋糕。)

  77. exchange, replace, substitute

  均含有“換”之意。

  exchange指“互相交換”。

  replace的含義爲“替換”,“取代”。如:George has replaced Edward as captain of the team.(喬石治已接替愛德華擔任隊長。)

  substitute則表示“用……代替”。如:We substitute nylon for cotton.(我們用尼龍代替了棉花。)

  78. fall, descend

  都可表向下運動。

  fall指由於重力突然從高處落下或因爲失去平衡而跌倒。如:She slipped and fell down.(她滑了一下摔倒了。)

  descend多指沿着斜面而緩慢向下移動。如:He descended the hill.(他下山了。)

  79. fame, honor, reputation

  都可表名聲。

  fame是常用詞,一般指好的名聲。如:He was not anxious for fame.(他並不渴望成名。)

  honor榮譽,尊敬,指受到公衆崇敬的榮譽和光榮。如:This is an honor more than I can deserve.(這光榮我受之有愧。)

  reputation名譽,指公衆對某人的看法,可好可壞。如:He has a reputation for laziness.(他的懶惰出了名。)

  80. fell, fall

  fell砍伐(樹木)。如:They are felling the trees.(他們在砍樹。)

  fell也可作fall的過去式;fell作“砍伐”時,它的過去式,過去分詞分別爲felled, felled.

  81. formally, formerly

  formally正式地。如:We were required to dress formally for the party.

  formerly從前。如:Formerly he worked in a factory, but now he is a teacher.

  82. frank, honest, sincere

  都與坦率有關。

  frank直率的,坦白的,着重表達自己的情感和想法時沒有保留。如:To be frank with you, I do not know the answer myself.(老實說,我自己也不知道答案。)

  honest誠實的,正直的,指遵守正直等道德準則。如:We want your honest opinion, not empty compliments.(我們需要你的誠心懇的意見,而不是空洞的恭維。)

  Sincere誠摯的,誠懇的,強調出自內心的真心實意。如:Please accept this as a token of my sincere gratitude.(請接受這份表示我真誠感謝的禮物。)

  83. gaze, stare, glance, glimpse

  都與“看”有關。

  gaze“凝視”,強調由於驚奇、興趣,目不轉睛地注視。

  Stare強調由於好奇、害怕或無意地睜大眼睛盯着看看。

  glare“怒視”,是兇狠地含有威脅地盯着看。

  glimpse“一瞥”,是短暫而急促地看,含有意地匆匆地看一眼,現多用作名詞。

  [注意]一般表示“看”的單詞大多同at搭配構成短,但glimpse卻有catch (have) a glimpse of這一搭配。

  84. genius, gift, talent

  都有天才之意。

  genius天才,是這三詞中程度最高的詞。如:Shakespeare was a man of great genius.

  gift天賦,比“天才”的意義要弱一點,可用複數。如:He is a man of many gifts.(他多才多藝。)

  talent才能,一般不用複數,指通過學習和勤奮掌握的本領、技術和其他的活動能力。如:As a novelist, he shows great talent in characterization.(作爲小說家,他在描寫人物方面顯出很大的才能。)

  85. get, achieve, acquire, attain, gain, obtain

  均可表“獲得”。

  get用得最廣,可指以各種方式獲得各種東西。如:Where can I get enough information?(我從哪兒能得到足夠的資料?)

  achieve多指克服困難後取得勝利,成功,強調“得到”這一結果。如:He achieved his ambition in the end.(他最終實現了他的抱負。)

  acquire指通過本身的努力逐漸獲得知識、能力和榮譽等。如:acquire knowledge(獲得知識)。

  attain爲正式用詞,多用於莊重場合,主要指通過努力達到重要目的或得到珍貴的東西。如:The scientist attained great fame by a new discovery.(那科學家由於一次新發現而出了名。)

  gain多指付出極大努力後獲得或贏得給自己帶來優勢的東西。如:They gained the victory after a bloody battle.(浴血奮戰後他們贏得了勝利。)

  obtain多指憑努力或懇求得到急需或很想得到的東西。如:Howard had failed to obtain a scholarship.(霍華德沒能得到獎學金。)

  86. grasp, seize, snatch

  都有“抓”的意思。

  grasp爲常用詞,是用適度的力量抓牢。

  seize是突然用力抓住。

  snatch“攫取”,指出其不意地,突然一把抓住並拿向自己。

  87. hanged, hung

  hang, hanged, hanged吊死。如:He hanged himself when he failed.

  Hang, hung, hung懸掛。如:His pictures were hung in the museum.

  88. haste, hurry, speed

  都與速度有關。

  haste急速,急忙,多指人的動作迅速和匆忙。如:I felt no haste to depart.(我不急着走。)

  hurry急忙,匆忙,常表示混亂,焦急和忙亂的意思。如:I forgot to pay my bill in my hurry.

  Speed迅速,快,不暗示忙亂或焦急。如:More haste, less speed.(欲速則不達。)

  89. hard, hardly

  hard努力地。如:Take it easy. You’ve been working too hard.

  hardly幾乎不,簡直不。如:The children can hardly wait to hear the news.

  90. home, house

  home家。如:East or west, home is best.

  House房子,住宅。如:Our new house is quite near the station.

  91. equal, equivalent, identical, same

  皆含相同,相等之意。

  equal相同的,相等的,特指“數量,價值等”相同。如:Their ages are equal.

  equivalent相等的,特指“價值,效力,意義”等相同的。如:This sentence is equivalent to that.

  identical相同的,相等的,側重於某一細節上完全相同。如:She wore the identical dress on both occasions.

  identical相同的,相等的,側重於某一細節上完全相同。如:She wore the identical dress on both occasion.(她在兩種場合穿同樣的衣服。)

  same相同的,表示在質量、類型、外表或意義上相同,而實際上有差異。如:He is of about the same age as you.

  92. imaginable, imaginary, imaginative

  都是與想象有關的形容詞。

  imaginable可以想象得到的。如:This is the only solution imaginable.(這是惟一想得出的解決辦法。)

  imaginary假想的,虛構的。如:an imaginary character in a story(故事裏的虛構人物)

  imaginative富於想象力力的。如:an imaginative artist(想像力豐定的藝術家)

  93. indifferent, different

  indifferent冷漠的,不關心的,同to搭配。如:He was indifferent to his personal appearance.(他從前不注意自己的外表。)

  different跟……不一樣,同from搭配。如:This book is different from that one.(這本書跟那本不一樣。)

  94. industrial, industrious

  industrial工業的,產業的。如:Italy is becoming an industrial nation.(意大利逐步成爲工業國。)

  industrious勤勞的,勤奮的。如:He is an industrious student.(他是個用功的學生。)

  95. influence, effect

  都有“影響”之意。

  influence可作動詞、名詞,指對某人的思想行爲、性格等產生影響。如:She was influenced by her middle school teachers.(她受中學時的老師影響。)

  effect用作動詞意爲“造成”,“產生”,用作名詞強調由於影響而產生特殊效果。如:The effects of the medicine are very good.(藥效很好。)

  96. intention, idea, purpose

  intention主要指個人心裏產生的做某事慾望或得到某物的想法,常見的搭配是have the intention of doing something.

  Idea指“意見”,“見解”。

  Purpose意爲“目的”,着重於實現目的的決心和待付出的努力。如:For what purpose do you learn English?(你學英文的目的是什麼?)

  97. last, latest, final, ultimate

  last最後的,與first相對,還可指“上一次的”。如:My seat is in the last row.

  latest最近的,指時間上。如:the latest news(最新消息)

  final最後的,指在一系列的事物中是最後的,而且是結論性的,決定性的。如:The judgment has become final.(這已是最後的判斷。)

  ultimate 最終的,最後的,用於正式場合,含有最高的和最有權威的結果。如:He never considered the ultimate result of his action.(他從未考慮其行爲的後果。)

  98. lay, lie

  lay放,擱。如:Lay the book on the desk.(把書放在桌上。)

  lie(躺)的過去式和過去分詞分別爲lay, lain; lie(說謊)的過去式和過去分詞爲lied, lied; lay作動詞時的過去式和過去分詞是laid, laid。

  99. literal, literary, literate

  literal文字上的,字面的。如:a literal interpretation of a passage(對一段文章的字面解釋)

  literary文學的。如:literary works(文學作品)

  literary有文化的(反義詞是illiterate),如:people applying for the job should be computer literate.(申請這份工作的人應會使用電腦。)

  100.manufacture, make, produce

  manufacture製造,加工,較正式,通常表示把原料經過一定程度製成產品,多指使用機器大批生產。如:This textile factory manufactures cloth of good quality.(這家紡織廠生產優質布料。)

  make做,製造,最常用詞,使用較廣泛。如:She can make cakes.

  Produce生產,製造,着重產品的數量。如:The chemical works produced 5,000 tons of chemical fertilizer last year.(這家化工廠去年生產了5000噸化肥。)

  101.much, very

  都可表示“很”。

  much用來修飾動詞意義很強的過去分詞;very一般修飾形容詞或已失去動作意義的過去分詞。

  一些只作表語的形容詞,一般多用much修飾。

  very much是much的加強語,因此,能用much的地方,都能用very much。

  修飾形容詞原級用very,修飾比較級用much。

  much可修飾名詞,very不能。

  102.neglect, overlook, ignore

  neglect可以是有意,也可以是無意地“忽略”或“忽視”應該做的事。如:If others neglect their duty to you, be sure that you perform yours to them. (即使他人忽略了履行對你的義務,你也要履行你對他們的義務。)

  overlook指由於粗心大意,匆忙而“看漏”或“忽略”某東西或某事實。如:His services have been overlooked by his employers.(他的工作一直沒有得到僱主的重視。)

  ignore不顧,不理,常指有意地不理,不加分析地拒絕考慮。如:She saw him coming but she ignored him.

  103.happen, occur, take place

  均表示“發生”。

  happen是常用詞,指偶然或按計劃的發生。如:When did the explosion happen?(爆炸什麼時候發生?)

  occur是較正式的用詞,主要用以指無計劃的發生。

  take place多表示情況或事情按計劃發生。如:The story took place in 1917.(故事發生在1917年。)

  104.chance, opportunity, occasion

  chance多指偶然的機會,意外的機會,帶有僥倖的意味。如:Even so, it was a lucky chance that he could do it.(即使如此,那也是他憑着僥倖才做到這點。)

  opportunity主要指能夠去做某事,尤其是達到自己目的,實現某種願望的好機會。如:You should make the most of your opportunities of seeing the country and learning the language.(你應該儘量利用你的機會去看看這個國家,學習它的語言。)

  occasion主要指“時機”,“場合”,也含有“機會”的意思。如:The flags are hung out on the occasion of the National Day.(每逢國慶節,國旗都懸持出來了。)

  105.persist, insist

  persist堅持,後面常接介詞in。如:He persisted in carrying on his work in spite of great fatigue.(他雖然疲倦極了,可仍堅持工作。)

  insist堅持,後面接介詞on,也可直接連用that引導的名詞從句。如:He insisted on my going there with him. (He insisted that I should go there with him.)

  106.preserve, conserve, reserve

  preserve堅持,後面常接介詞in。如:The ship is equipped with special refrigerating devices to preserve food for the whole voyage.(船上設有特殊冷藏設備,在整個航程中保存食物。)

  conserve保存,儲藏,強調採取措施精心保護某物,防止不必要的浪費,損失或變化。如:He is conserving his energy for the last twenty-meter dash.(他正在爲最後20米衝刺保存實力。)

  reserve留存(在資金,人力,原料等),保留(權力等)。如:Reserve enough money for your home fare.(留足你回家的路費。)

  107.probable, possible, likely

  probable很可能的,大概的,語氣較possible強。如:It is probable that the cost will be greater than we think.(花費很可能比我們料想的要多。)

  possible強調客觀上可能性,但常帶有“實際可能性很小”的暗示。如:It’s possible, though not probable, that he will accept these terms. (他有可能接受這些條件,但希望很小。)

  likely暗示從表面跡象來判斷“有可能的”。如:It is likely that he will come.(他多半會來。)

  108.purpose, goal, aim, end, object

  purpose目的,意圖,比較確定,多指採取堅決的行動去達到目的。如:The tutor explained the purpose of the exercise.(導師說明了該練習的目的。)

  goal指經過仔細考慮而選中的比較大的目標,常需要努力或克服困難才能達到的目的。如:The goal of her desire is to be a singer.(她渴望成爲一名歌唱家。)

  aim常指短期目標,往往比較具體,也比較實際。如:My first aim is to receive a complete and good education.(我的第一個目標是接受完整和良好的教育。)

  end目標,目的,較正式。如:My chief end is to serve my country and my people.(我的首要目標是爲國爲民服務。)

  object指較明確具體的單個目標,往往出於直接的需要和願望。如:What is the object of your visit?(你訪問的目的是什麼?)

  109.respectable, respected, respectful, respective

  都是形容詞。

  respectable可尊敬的,值得尊重的。如:His parents were poor but respectable.(他父母雖窮卻令人尊敬。)

  respected表示受人尊敬的,可用於對年長的人,權威性的意見等。

  respectful指“充滿敬意的”,是主動性的尊重他人。如:The students were very respectful towards the great man.(這些學生對這位偉人十分敬仰。)

  respective表“各自分別的”,修飾名詞時,名詞一般用複數。如:They went back to their respective houses.(他們回了各自的家。)

  110.round, around

  round作副詞時,同around意思相近,規範用法應區別動態和靜態。 Round用於圓周運動或測量,around用於指遍及表面或中心附近。如:The spaceship traveled round the world in 40 minutes. They planted trees around the lawn.

  around用於指遍及表面或中心附近。如:The spaceship traveled round the world in 40 minutes. They planted trees around the lawn.

  111.rouse, arouse

  rouse表“激起”,語氣比arouse強,常有“積極行動”的意思。

  arouse表“引起”,動作意味較弱,在表“喚起”意義時,可用rouse換用。

  112.say, speak, talk, tell

  say着重所說的話,可用作及物動詞,帶賓語從句。

  Speak着重開口發聲,不着重所說的內容,一般作不及物動詞,用作及物動詞,賓語只能是某種語言等少數幾個名詞,不能接that從句。

  Talk表示通過談話方式交換意見、思想、消息等,一般只作不及物動詞。

  Tell表示告訴,有時兼含“囑咐”,“命令”等。Tell the truth說真話,tell a lie說謊,tell a story講故事等爲固定搭配。Tell是及物動詞,但其後不跟that從句。

  113.senseless, sensible, sensitive

  senseless愚蠢的(常作定語);無知覺的(常作表語)。

  Sensible懂事的,明智的。如:He is a sensible child.(他是個懂事的孩子。)

  Sensitive有感覺的,敏感的。如:Eyes are very sensitive to light.(眼睛對光敏感。)

  114.shake, shiver, tremble

  shake顫抖,顫動,指任何短促而急促的搖動,有時喻指對決心,信念的動搖。如:He was shaking with fear.(他嚇得發抖。) Nothing can shake our determination.(什麼也動搖不了我們的決心。)    

  shiver戰慄,寒戰,指因寒冷,恐懼或體弱多病而引起的抖動。如:The old man stood shivering in the wind-swept street.(這位老人站在寒風凜冽的街上發抖。)

  tremble顫抖,發抖,指因寒冷、情緒變化、體弱多病而不由自主輕微地抖動。如:A poor old woman stood at the corner, trembling with age.(一位可憐的老婦人站在拐角處,因年老而不斷哆嗦。)

  115.small, little

  small側重尺度,面積,數字等,在指具體事物小時,有時有輕視,鄙視,貶低的意味,在表示不可數名詞的數量時,一般說a small amount of。

  little指具體事物小時,常有讚賞,愛惜等意味,也可用來指不可數的量。

  116.solve, answer, resolve

  solve解決,解答。如:He solved all the problems in the exam.(他解出了所有試題。)solve的名詞爲solution,一般同to搭配。如:a solution to the problem

  answer 表“回答”,後面的賓語應是questions。

  resolve表“解決”,“解答”是個正式用詞。如:Have you resolved the problem yet?(你把問題解決了嗎?)resolve還有“決定”,“下決心”等意思。

  117.sometimes, some time, sometime, some times

  詞形相近,但意義和用法不同。

  sometimes有時。如:I sometimes play tennis.(我有時打網球。)

  some times有幾次。如:I have been to the Great Wall for some times.(我去長城有好幾次了。)

  sometime某個時候,指過去或將來的不確定時間。如:I will buy a car sometime in the future.(將來我會買車的。)

  some time一段時間。如:I have been a teacher for some time.(我當老師已有些年頭了。)

  118.submit, surrender, yield

  都有“讓步,屈服”之意。

  submit表示“甘心忍受”,作及物動詞時,賓語爲反身代詞,但一般爲不及物動詞,後接介詞to 。

  surrender“投降”,強調“被迫投降,壓力很大”,是不及物動詞,後接介詞to;用作及物動詞時,表因戰敗或被迫“交出”,“放棄”某些事物。

  yield“投降”,與surrender 大致同義,但是指“溫和的讓步”。

  119.sway, swing

  sway和swing同義。

  sway一般表示物體的下端固定,上端“搖動”。如:The sailboat swayed on the stormy sea.(帆船在驚濤駭浪的大海中搖晃。)

  swing多表示物體的上端固定,下端“擺動”。如:The pendulum swings.(鐘擺擺動。)

  120.army, force, troop

  army軍隊,着重指軍隊這個整體,包括陸海空三軍。當與navy和air force並列使用時,則指陸軍。如:We will have not only a powerful army but also a powerful air force and a powerful navy.(我們不但要有強大的陸軍,而且要有強大的空軍和海軍。)

  force軍隊,部隊,着重指武力,常用複數。如:Forces were sent out to stop the conflict.派出武裝部隊制止這場衝突。

  troop部隊,着重指構成軍隊的士兵成員,常用複數。如:They sent the troops to the front.他們把軍隊派往前線。

  121.free, vacant, empty

  free空的,指清除了或缺少了某物,與of 或from連用。如:She is free from anxiety.(她無憂無慮。)She is free of him.(她擺脫了他。)

  empty空的,指裏面什麼東西都沒有。如:The case is empty.(這是個空箱子。)

  vacant空閒的,指地方沒有被佔用。如:One day, man can make full use of vacant space.(將來,人們會充分利用浩瀚的天空。)

  empty,vacant和相同的名詞連用時,含義不同。如an empty house指房子裏既無傢俱也無人,空蕩蕩的。而a vacant house指房子沒有被人佔用,裏面可有傢俱,也可無傢俱。

  122.pay, salary, wage

  pay薪金,泛指對付出勞動給予的報酬,不分發放對象,只用單數,尤指軍隊的軍餉。如:They are asking for equal pay for equal work.他們要求同工同酬。

  Salary工資,指按月或年支付給腦力勞動者的工資。如:The family lives on his salary.(全家人靠他的工資生活。)

  Wage工資,指定期支付給體力勞動者或臨時工的工資,常用複數。如:He works at wages of ten dollars a week.(他每週工資10美元。)

  123.cry, sob, weep

  cry哭,普通用語,常指出聲地哭。如:The little girl cried herself to sleep.(小女孩哭着睡着了。)

  sob抽泣,嗚咽:She sobbed herself to sleep.(她啜泣着入睡了。)

  weep哭泣,書面語,常指小聲或無聲地哭泣,有時可與cry通用。如:She wept at the sad news.(聽到這不幸的消息,她哭了。)

  124.worth, worthless, worthwhile, worthy

  worth值……錢,值得……的。如:This house is worth a lot of money.(這房值很多錢。)The radio program is worth listening to. (這廣播節目值得聽。)

  worthless無價值的,無用的(可作定語和表語,無比較級)。如:These stamps are worthless.(這些郵票無價值。)Don’t read worthless books.(不要讀些沒用的書。)

  worthwhile值得的(可作定語和表語)。如:That is a worthwhile program.(那是一個值得聽的節目。)So few movies are worthwhile nowadays.(當今有價值的電影很少。)

  worthy(1)有價值的,可尊敬的(常作定語)。如:The teacher was a worthy man.(那位老師是可尊敬的人。)(2)值得的(常作表語)。如:The man is worthy of praise.(這人值得稱讚。)它的動詞句式是be worthy to be done (be worth doing).

  125.zone, district, area, region, belt

  zone地帶,地區,區域,指某一特定的地方或區域。如:Most of China is in the temperate zone.(中國的大部分地區在溫帶。)

  district區,行政區,指一國家或城市按行政區的劃分。如:the economic development district(經濟開放區)

  area面積,範圍,一般用語,沒有明確的外圍界限,也可指佔地面積。如:The factory covers an area of 500 mu.(這工廠佔地50畝。)

  region地區,指較大範圍內的區域,一般按自然條件和自身特點劃分。如:an autonomous  region(自治區)

  belt地帶,通常指狹長的地帶。如:The northern part of the country is usually regarded as the wheat belt.(這國家的北部通常被看作小麥種植地帶。)

轉自膠東在線:http://www.jiaodong.net/examin/system/2007/02/06/000117319.shtml

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