[標準]SQL的case when then 的使用範例

例如,下面的語句顯示中文年月  
   
  select   getdate()   as   日期,case   month(getdate())  
  when   11   then   '十一'  
  when   12   then   '十二'  
  else   substring('一二三四五六七八九十',   month(getdate()),1)  
  end+'月'   as   月份

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CASE 可能是 SQL 中被誤用最多的關鍵字之一。雖然你可能以前用過這個關鍵字來創建字段，但是它還具有更多用法。例如，你可以在 WHERE 子句中使用 CASE。

首先讓我們看一下 CASE 的語法。在一般的 SELECT 中，其語法如下：

SELECT <myColumnSpec> =
CASE
WHEN <A> THEN <somethingA>
WHEN <B> THEN <somethingB>
ELSE <somethingE>
END

在上面的代碼中需要用具體的參數代替尖括號中的內容。下面是一個簡單的例子：

USE pubs
GO
SELECT
     Title,
    'Price Range' =
    CASE
        WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced'
        WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain'
        WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average'
        ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives'
    END
FROM titles
ORDER BY price
GO

這是 CASE 的典型用法，但是使用 CASE 其實可以做更多的事情。比方說下面的 GROUP BY 子句中的 CASE：

SELECT 'Number of Titles', Count(*)
FROM titles
GROUP BY
    CASE
        WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced'
        WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain'
        WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average'
        ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives'
    END
GO

你甚至還可以組合這些選項，添加一個 ORDER BY 子句，如下所示：

USE pubs
GO
SELECT
    CASE
        WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced'
        WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain'
        WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average'
        ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives'
    END AS Range,
     Title
FROM titles
GROUP BY
    CASE
        WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced'
        WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain'
        WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average'
        ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives'
    END,
     Title
ORDER BY
    CASE
        WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced'
        WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain'
        WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average'
        ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives'
    END,
     Title
GO

注意，爲了在 GROUP BY 塊中使用 CASE，查詢語句需要在 GROUP BY 塊中重複 SELECT 塊中的 CASE 塊。