CentOS 7 安裝 Oracle

1.安裝centos7

虛擬機配置如下：

安裝時必須安裝GHOME桌面

安裝完成後，以root用戶登錄，然後執行

#需要聯網
yum update 
yum upgrade

2.安裝java 環境

#查詢出默認安裝java
rpm -qa | grep java
#刪除查詢出結果
rpm -e --nodeps <?>
#安裝java
rpm -ivh  jdk-7u80-linux-x64.rpm
#配置環境變量
vim /etc/profile
#在末尾添加
#set java environment
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_80
JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_80/jre
CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin
export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH

3.安裝 Oracle 11R2

首先下載Oracle 11R2 安裝包

linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

創建用戶和用戶組
  groupadd oinstall #用戶組
  groupadd dba #用戶組
  useradd -g dba -g oinstall -m oracle #創建用戶oracle,並加入dba,oinstall
  passwd oracle #設置密碼
創建Oracle安裝目錄
  mkdir -p /oracle/oraInventory #oracle 數據庫配置目錄
chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle #設置目錄所有者爲 oinstall 用戶組的 oracle 用戶
chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/oraInventory
修改系統標識
  vim /etc/redhat-release #編輯
  把
CentOS Linux release 7.0.1406 (Core)
修改爲
#CentOS Linux release 7.0.1406 (Core)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

修改系統內核
vim /etc/sysctl.conf #編輯，在最後添加以下代碼
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1

vim /etc/security/limits.conf #在末尾添加以下代碼

oracle           soft    nproc           2047
oracle           hard    nproc           16384
oracle           soft    nofile          1024
oracle           hard    nofile          65536

配置Oracle用戶環境變量

vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile #在最後添加以下代碼

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle #oracle 數據庫安裝目錄 
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 #oracle 數據庫路徑 
export ORACLE_SID=orcl #oracle 啓動數據庫實例名 
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=$ORACLE_SID
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/user/sbin:$PATH #添加系統環境變量 
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH #添加系統環境變量

安裝Oracle數據庫所需要的軟件包

yum install gcc* gcc-* gcc-c++-* glibc-devel-* glibc-headers-* compat-libstdc* libstdc* elfutilslibelf-devel* libaio-devel* sysstat* unixODBC-* pdksh-*

4.重啓下系統，以oracle身份登錄系統

5.解壓oracle安裝包

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

cd database

export LANG=en_US  #防止亂碼

8.運行安裝程序(不要使用XShell操作,直接在桌面打開終端操作)

./runInstaller

等待......

取消默認選擇,點擊next

點擊yes

點擊next

選擇server class ,點擊next

點擊next

選擇 Advanced install 點擊 next

添加簡體中文,點擊next

點擊next

設置好環境變量了，這裏會自動填充路徑，點擊 next

默認Inventory Directory爲/oraInventory,修改爲/oracle/oraInventory 點擊next

點擊yes，彈框可能顯示不出來,按方向鍵左鍵,按ENTER

點擊next

配置字符集，點擊 next

點擊next

選擇統一設置密碼，點擊 next

點擊yes，彈框可能顯示不出來，按方向鍵左鍵，按ENTER

點擊next

勾選Ignore All，點擊next

點擊finish

進入安裝過程

安裝到 68%的時候會有如下提示，直接點擊 continue,彈框可能無法展示,直接按ENTER

點擊ok

以下窗口可能被縮成一條豎線在中間，用鼠標拉開即可看到，安裝過程如出現窗口變暗，但是沒有彈框彈出，即爲此類情況

9.打開命令行窗口

su
輸入 root 帳號密碼，運行
/oracle/oraInvertory/orainstRoot.sh
/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

10.安裝完成後，把系統標識修改回來

vim /etc/redhat-release #編輯
把
#CentOS Linux release 7.0.1406 (Core)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
修改爲：
CentOS Linux release 7.0.1406 (Core)

11.登錄Oracle

[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl stop                #先關閉監聽服務

 [oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl start                    #開啓監聽服務

 [oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba     #登入

SQL> shutdown immediate             #立即關閉數據庫服務（一般是關閉狀態）
SQL> startup                                    #開啓數據庫服務（重要，必輸）

SQL> exit                                 #退出

SQL> sqlplus scott/[email protected]/orcl    #連接scott用戶

SQL> select * from tab;                  #test查詢表

12，使用PL/SQL連接時,可能會“ORA-12514 TNS 監聽程序當前無法識別連接描述符中請求服務”

解決辦法簡述：

1.修改\oracle\product\11.2.0\db_1\network\admin\listener.ora中的(host)bt-199-039.bta.net.cn改爲192.168.47.131

2.修改\oracle\product\11.2.0\db_1\network\admin\tnsnames.ora中的(host)bt-199-039.bta.net.cn 改爲 192.168.47.131

3.修改後，重啓oracle，監聽，並註冊，主win10上的plsql就可以遠程連接虛擬機上的數據庫了.

具體操作步驟如下：

一、修改數據庫服務器中listener.ora文件內容

[oracle@localhost admin]$ vim /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
原始內容:


# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bt-199-039.bta.net.cn)(PORT = 1521))

    )

  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /oracle

修改爲
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)
LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.47.131)(PORT = 1521)))
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /oracle

修改數據庫服務器中tnsnames.ora文件內容

[oracle@localhost admin]$ vim /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

原始內容:


# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

修改後的內容：

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

orcl =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.47.131)(PORT = 1521))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SID = orcl)

    )

  )

在數據庫服務器中啓動監聽並更新註冊

1、命令：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl stop                #先關閉監聽服務

輸出：

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 19-FEB-2017 21:19:42

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.78.130)(PORT=1521)))

The command completed successfully

[oracle@localhost ~]$

 

2、命令：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl start                    #開啓監聽服務
輸出:


LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 19-FEB-2017 21:24:22

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

System parameter file is /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to /data/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.78.130)(PORT=1521)))

 

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.78.130)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                19-FEB-2017 21:24:22

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /data/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.78.130)(PORT=1521)))

Services Summary...

Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

[oracle@localhost ~]$

 



 

3、命令：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba     #登入

輸出：

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Feb 19 21:27:40 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>    

命令：

SQL> shutdown immediate             #立即關閉數據庫服務

輸出：

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL>

 

命令:
SQL> startup                                    #開啓數據庫服務

輸出：

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1586708480 bytes

Fixed Size                2213736 bytes

Variable Size                  939526296 bytes

Database Buffers           637534208 bytes

Redo Buffers                    7434240 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL>

 

命令：
SQL> alter system register;        #註冊

輸出：

System altered.

SQL>
命令：

SQL> quit         #登出

輸出：

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

[oracle@localhost ~]$



 

命令：
[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl status        #查看監聽狀態

輸出：

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 19-FEB-2017 21:37:20

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.78.130)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                19-FEB-2017 21:24:22

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 12 min. 57 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /data/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.78.130)(PORT=1521)))

Services Summary...

Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

[oracle@localhost ~]$