Android ExecutorService線程池

ExecutorService線程池

ExecutorService 建立多線程的步驟: 

1。定義線程類 
class Handler implements Runnable{ 


2。建立ExecutorService線程池 
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); 

或者 

int cpuNums = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(); 
                //獲取當前系統的CPU 數目 
ExecutorService executorService =Executors.newFixedThreadPool(cpuNums * POOL_SIZE); 
                //ExecutorService通常根據系統資源情況靈活定義線程池大小 

3。調用線程池操作 
循環操作,成爲daemon,把新實例放入Executor池中 
      while(true){ 
        executorService.execute(new Handler(socket)); 
           // class Handler implements Runnable{ 
        或者 
        executorService.execute(createTask(i)); 
            //private static Runnable createTask(final int taskID) 
      } 

execute(Runnable對象)方法 
其實就是對Runnable對象調用start()方法 
(當然還有一些其他後臺動作,比如隊列,優先級,IDLE timeout,active激活等) 



幾種不同的ExecutorService線程池對象 
1.newCachedThreadPool() 
-緩存型池子,先查看池中有沒有以前建立的線程,如果有,就reuse.如果沒有,就建一個新的線程加入池中 
-緩存型池子通常用於執行一些生存期很短的異步型任務 
因此在一些面向連接的daemon型SERVER中用得不多。 
-能reuse的線程,必須是timeout IDLE內的池中線程,缺省timeout是60s,超過這個IDLE時長,線程實例將被終止及移出池。 
  注意,放入CachedThreadPool的線程不必擔心其結束,超過TIMEOUT不活動,其會自動被終止。 

2. newFixedThreadPool 
-newFixedThreadPool與cacheThreadPool差不多,也是能reuse就用,但不能隨時建新的線程 
-其獨特之處:任意時間點,最多只能有固定數目的活動線程存在,此時如果有新的線程要建立,只能放在另外的隊列中等待,直到當前的線程中某個線程終止直接被移出池子 
-和cacheThreadPool不同,FixedThreadPool沒有IDLE機制(可能也有,但既然文檔沒提,肯定非常長,類似依賴上層的TCP或UDP IDLE機制之類的),所以FixedThreadPool多數針對一些很穩定很固定的正規併發線程,多用於服務器 
-從方法的源代碼看,cache池和fixed 池調用的是同一個底層池,只不過參數不同: 
fixed池線程數固定,並且是0秒IDLE(無IDLE) 
cache池線程數支持0-Integer.MAX_VALUE(顯然完全沒考慮主機的資源承受能力),60秒IDLE  

3.ScheduledThreadPool 
-調度型線程池 
-這個池子裏的線程可以按schedule依次delay執行,或週期執行 

4.SingleThreadExecutor 
-單例線程,任意時間池中只能有一個線程 
-用的是和cache池和fixed池相同的底層池,但線程數目是1-1,0秒IDLE(無IDLE) 



上面四種線程池,都使用Executor的缺省線程工廠建立線程,也可單獨定義自己的線程工廠 
下面是缺省線程工廠代碼: 
    
static class DefaultThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { 
        static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
        final ThreadGroup group;
        final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
        final String namePrefix;

        DefaultThreadFactory() {
            SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
            group = (s != null)? s.getThreadGroup() :Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
          
            namePrefix = "pool-" + poolNumber.getAndIncrement() + "-thread-";
        }

        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
            Thread t = new Thread(group, r,namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(),0);
            if (t.isDaemon())
                t.setDaemon(false);
            if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY)
                t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
            return t;
        }
    }

也可自己定義ThreadFactory,加入建立池的參數中 
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool(ThreadFactory threadFactory) { 



Executor的execute()方法 
execute() 方法將Runnable實例加入pool中,並進行一些pool size計算和優先級處理 
execute() 方法本身在Executor接口中定義,有多個實現類都定義了不同的execute()方法 
如ThreadPoolExecutor類(cache,fiexed,single三種池子都是調用它)的execute方法如下: 
    
public void execute(Runnable command) { 
        if (command == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (poolSize >= corePoolSize || !addIfUnderCorePoolSize(command)) {
            if (runState == RUNNING && workQueue.offer(command)) {
                if (runState != RUNNING || poolSize == 0)
                    ensureQueuedTaskHandled(command);
            }
            else if (!addIfUnderMaximumPoolSize(command))
                reject(command); // is shutdown or saturated
        }
    }
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