源代碼奉上,流程圖。。。這個太簡單了,你自己看看。。。。。。。 //TCP //服務器端程序 #include< stdio.h > #include< stdlib.h > #include< windows.h > #include< winsock.h > #include< string.h > #pragma comment( lib, "ws2_32.lib" ) #define PORT 2046 #define BACKLOG 10 #define TRUE 1 void main( void ) { int iServerSock; int iClientSock; char *buf = "hello, world!\n"; struct sockaddr_in ServerAddr; struct sockaddr_in ClientAddr; int sin_size; WSADATA WSAData; if( WSAStartup( MAKEWORD( 1, 1 ), &WSAData ) )//初始化 { printf( "initializationing error!\n" ); WSACleanup( ); exit( 0 ); } if( ( iServerSock = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 ) ) == INVALID_SOCKET ) { printf( "創建套接字失敗!\n" ); WSACleanup( ); exit( 0 ); } ServerAddr.sin_family = AF_INET; ServerAddr.sin_port = htons( PORT );//監視的端口號 ServerAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;//本地IP memset( & ( ServerAddr.sin_zero ), 0, sizeof( ServerAddr.sin_zero ) ); if( bind( iServerSock, ( struct sockaddr * )&ServerAddr, sizeof( struct sockaddr ) ) == -1 ) { printf( "bind調用失敗!\n" ); WSACleanup( ); exit( 0 ); } if( listen( iServerSock, BACKLOG ) == -1 ) { printf( "listen調用失敗!\n" ); WSACleanup( ); exit( 0 ); } while( TRUE ) { sin_size = sizeof( struct sockaddr_in ); iClientSock = accept( iServerSock, ( struct sockaddr * )&ClientAddr, &sin_size ); if( iClientSock == -1 ) { printf( "accept調用失敗!\n" ); WSACleanup( ); exit( 0 ); } printf( "服務器連接到%s\n", inet_ntoa( ClientAddr.sin_addr ) ); if( send( iClientSock, buf, strlen( buf ), 0 ) == -1 ) { printf( "send調用失敗!" ); closesocket( iClientSock ); WSACleanup( ); exit( 0 ); } } } /////客戶端程序 #include< stdio.h > #include< stdlib.h > #include< windows.h > #include< winsock.h > #include< string.h > #pragma comment( lib, "ws2_32.lib" ) #define PORT 2046 #define BACKLOG 10 #define TRUE 1 #define MAXDATASIZE 100 void main( void ) { int iClientSock; char buf[ MAXDATASIZE ]; struct sockaddr_in ServerAddr; int numbytes; // struct hostent *he; WSADATA WSAData; // int sin_size; /* if( ( he = gethostbyname( "liuys" ) ) == NULL ) { printf( "gethostbyname調用失敗!" ); WSACleanup( ); exit( 0 ); } */ if( WSAStartup( MAKEWORD( 1, 1 ), &WSAData ) )//初始化 { printf( "initializationing error!\n" ); WSACleanup( ); exit( 0 ); } if( ( iClientSock = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 ) ) == INVALID_SOCKET ) { printf( "創建套接字失敗!\n" ); WSACleanup( ); exit( 0 ); } ServerAddr.sin_family = AF_INET; ServerAddr.sin_port = htons( PORT ); // ServerAddr.sin_addr = *( ( struct in_addr * )he->h_addr ); ServerAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr( "192.168.2.194" );//記得換IP memset( &( ServerAddr.sin_zero ), 0, sizeof( ServerAddr.sin_zero ) ); if( connect( iClientSock, ( struct sockaddr * ) & ServerAddr, sizeof( struct sockaddr ) ) == -1 ) { printf( "connect失敗!" ); WSACleanup( ); exit( 0 ); } numbytes = recv( iClientSock, buf, MAXDATASIZE, 0 ); if( numbytes == -1 ) { printf( "recv失敗!" ); WSACleanup( ); exit( 0 ); } buf[ numbytes ] = '\0'; printf( "Received: %s", buf ); closesocket( iClientSock ); WSACleanup( ); } /////UDP //服務器 #include< stdio.h > #include< string.h > #include< winsock.h > #include< windows.h > #pragma comment( lib, "ws2_32.lib" ) #define PORT 2046 #define BACKLOG 10 #define TRUE 1 #define MAXDATASIZE 1000 void main( void ) { int iServerSock; // int iClientSock; int addr_len; int numbytes; char buf[ MAXDATASIZE ]; struct sockaddr_in ServerAddr; struct sockaddr_in ClientAddr; WSADATA WSAData; if( WSAStartup( MAKEWORD( 1, 1 ), &WSAData ) ) { printf( "initializationing error!\n" ); WSACleanup( ); exit( 0 ); } iServerSock = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0 ); if( iServerSock == INVALID_SOCKET ) { printf( "創建套接字失敗!\n" ); WSACleanup( ); exit( 0 ); } ServerAddr.sin_family = AF_INET; ServerAddr.sin_port = htons( PORT );//監視的端口號 ServerAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;//本地IP memset( & ( ServerAddr.sin_zero ), 0, sizeof( ServerAddr.sin_zero ) ); if( bind( iServerSock, ( struct sockaddr * )&ServerAddr, sizeof( struct sockaddr ) ) == -1 ) { printf( "bind調用失敗!\n" ); WSACleanup( ); exit( 0 ); } addr_len = sizeof( struct sockaddr ); numbytes = recvfrom( iServerSock, buf, MAXDATASIZE, 0, ( struct sockaddr * ) & ClientAddr, &addr_len ); if( numbytes == -1 ) { printf( "recvfrom調用失敗!\n" ); WSACleanup( ); exit( 0 ); } printf( "got packet from %s\n", inet_ntoa( ClientAddr.sin_addr ) ); printf( "packet is %d bytes long\n", numbytes ); buf[ numbytes ] = '\0'; printf( "packet contains \"%s\"\n", buf ); closesocket( iServerSock ); WSACleanup( ); } //客戶端 #include< stdio.h > #include< stdlib.h > #include< windows.h > #include< winsock.h > #include< string.h > #pragma comment( lib, "ws2_32.lib" ) #define PORT 2046 #define MAXDATASIZE 100 void main( void ) { int iClientSock; struct sockaddr_in ServerAddr; int numbytes; char buf[ MAXDATASIZE ] = { 0 }; WSADATA WSAData; if( WSAStartup( MAKEWORD( 1, 1 ), &WSAData ) ) { printf( "initializationing error!\n" ); WSACleanup( ); exit( 0 ); } if( ( iClientSock = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0 ) ) == -1 ) { printf( "創建套接字失敗!\n" ); WSACleanup( ); exit( 0 ); } ServerAddr.sin_family = AF_INET; ServerAddr.sin_port = htons( PORT ); ServerAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr( "192.168.2.194" );//記得換IP memset( &( ServerAddr.sin_zero ), 0, sizeof( ServerAddr.sin_zero ) ); numbytes = sendto( iClientSock, buf, strlen( buf ), 0, ( struct sockaddr * ) & ServerAddr, sizeof( struct sockaddr ) ); if( numbytes == -1 ) { printf( "sendto調用失敗!\n" ); WSACleanup( ); exit( 0 ); } printf( "sent %d bytes to %s\n", numbytes, inet_ntoa( ServerAddr.sin_addr ) ); closesocket( iClientSock ); WSACleanup( ); }
Socket程序從windows移植到linux下需要注意的
關於這個話題網上流傳的是一個相同的版本,就是那個第一項是頭文件的區別,但後面列出的頭文件只有#include沒有(估計是原版的在不斷轉載的過程中有人不小心忘了把尖括號轉義,讓瀏覽器當html標記解析沒了)的那個。現在整理了一下,以後也會不斷補充內容。
1)頭文件
windows下winsock.h或winsock2.h
linux下netinet/in.h(大部分都在這兒),unistd.h(close函數在這兒),sys/socket.h(在in.h裏已經包含了,可以省了)
2)初始化
windows下需要用WSAStartup啓動Ws2_32.lib,並且要用#pragma comment(lib,"Ws2_32")來告知編譯器鏈接該lib。
linux下不需要
3)關閉socket
windows下closesocket(...)
linux下close(...)
4)類型
windows下SOCKET
linux下int(我喜歡用long,這樣保證是4byte,因爲-1我總喜歡寫成0xFFFF)
5)獲取錯誤碼
windows下getlasterror()/WSAGetLastError()
linux下,未能成功執行的socket操作會返回-1;如果包含了errno.h,就會設置errno變量
6)設置非阻塞
windows下ioctlsocket()
linux下fcntl(),需要頭文件fcntl.h
7)send函數最後一個參數
windows下一般設置爲0
linux下最好設置爲MSG_NOSIGNAL,如果不設置,在發送出錯後有可能會導致程序退出
8)毫秒級時間獲取
windows下GetTickCount()
linux下gettimeofday()
9)多線程
windows下包含process.h,使用_beginthread和_endthread
linux下包含pthread.h,使用pthread_create和pthread_exit
10)用IP定義一個地址(sockaddr_in的結構的區別)
windows下addr_var.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr
linux下addr_var.sin_addr.s_addr
而且Winsock裏最後那個32bit的S_addr也有幾個以聯合(Union)的形式與它共享內存空間的成員變量(便於以其他方式賦值),而 Linux的Socket沒有這個聯合,就是一個32bit的s_addr。遇到那種得到了是4個char的IP的形式(比如127一個,0一個,0一個和1一個共四個char),WinSock可以直接用4個S_b來賦值到S_addr裏,而在Linux下,可以用邊向左移位(一下8bit,共四下)邊相加的方法賦值。
11)異常處理
linux下當連接斷開,還發數據的時候,不僅send()的返回值會有反映,而且還會像系統發送一個異常消息,如果不作處理,系統會出BrokePipe,程序會退出。爲此,send()函數的最後一個參數可以設 MSG_NOSIGNAL,禁止send()函數向系統發送異常消息。