作者 阿九【轉載時請務必以超鏈接形式標明文章原始出處和作者信息】
使用dbms_backup_restore包恢復數據庫學習
在數據庫的極端恢復下，比如，沒有spfile、控制文件、數據文件，且catalog庫也不可用，也不知道DBID的情況下，只剩下備份集文件的時候，我們可以通過使用dbms_backup_restore包來恢復數據庫，這個包在nomount下也能執行。
1、目的：
學習使用dbms_backup_restore包
2、試驗設計：
2.1、先創建一張測試表，test_restore
|
QL> DESC test_restore; Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- T_NUM NUMBER T_DATE VARCHAR2(17)
SQL> |
2.2、插入數據
|
SQL> insert into test_restore values(1,to_char(sysdate,'yyyymmdd hh24:mi:ss'));
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select * from test_restore;
T_NUM T_DATE ---------- ----------------- 1 20120414 22:49:12
SQL> |
2.3、備份數據庫並清空 spfile文件、控制文件，數據文件後（數據庫文件使用raw設備），使用dbms_backup_restore包來恢復數據庫，檢查表是否存在，數據是否存在。
3、試驗過程
3.1、備份數據庫
|
[oracle@clone_sigle oracle]$ rman target / [uniread] Loaded history (91 lines)
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期六 4月 14 22:57:42 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCLAUX (DBID=2639214075)
RMAN> run{ 2> allocate channel disk1 device type disk format='/oracle/backup/backdb<oracleaux_%s_%T.bak'; 3> backup as compressed backupset database include current controlfile; 4> release channel disk1; 5> }
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: disk1 channel disk1: sid=1624 devtype=DISK
Starting backup at 14-4月 -12 channel disk1: starting compressed full datafile backupset channel disk1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset input datafile fno=00001 name=/dev/raw/raw1 input datafile fno=00002 name=/dev/raw/raw3 input datafile fno=00003 name=/dev/raw/raw2 input datafile fno=00004 name=/dev/raw/raw4 channel disk1: starting piece 1 at 14-4月 -12 channel disk1: finished piece 1 at 14-4月 -12 piece handle=/oracle/backup/backdb<oracleaux_4_20120414.bak tag=TAG20120414T232447 comment=NONE channel disk1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45 channel disk1: starting compressed full datafile backupset channel disk1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset including current control file in backupset including current SPFILE in backupset channel disk1: starting piece 1 at 14-4月 -12 channel disk1: finished piece 1 at 14-4月 -12 piece handle=/oracle/backup/backdb<oracleaux_5_20120414.bak tag=TAG20120414T232447 comment=NONE channel disk1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03 Finished backup at 14-4月 -12
released channel: disk1
RMAN> |
此備份包含了控制文件和spfile文件的自動備份。
3.2、關閉數據庫並清空相關數據庫文件
使用dd 命令清空raw設備上的數據
|
[oracle@clone_sigle oracle]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/raw/raw1 bs=8192 count=12800 12800+0 records in 12800+0 records out |
其他raw參照執行
3.3、執行恢復
由於spfile文件已經被清理，可以使用rman來啓動一個默認的數據庫到nomount狀態來執行恢復。
|
[oracle@clone_sigle oracle]$ rman target / [uniread] Loaded history (130 lines)
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期六 4月 14 23:31:54 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> startup nomount;
startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/oracle/db10g/dbs/initorclaux.ora'
starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrival of spfile Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 159383552 bytes
Fixed Size 1266320 bytes Variable Size 58723696 bytes Database Buffers 92274688 bytes Redo Buffers 7118848 bytes
RMAN> |
使用sqlplus連接到數據庫
|
[oracle@clone_sigle oracle]$ sq [uniread] Loaded history (241 lines)
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期六 4月 14 23:34:01 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba Connected. SQL> |
使用dbms_backup_restore包來恢復spfile文件、和控制文件、數據文件
恢復spfile文件：
|
[oracle@clone_sigle oracle]$ sq [uniread] Loaded history (267 lines)
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期六 4月 14 23:39:24 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba Connected. SQL> select open_mode from v$database; select open_mode from v$database * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01507: database not mounted
SQL> DECLARE 2 devtype varchar2(256); 3 done boolean; 4 BEGIN 5 devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate(type=>'',ident=>'T1'); #如果爲磁帶,這裏type=>'sbt_tape' 6 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile; 7 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSpfileTo(sfname=>'/oracle/db10g/dbs/spfileorclaux.ora'); 8 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'/oracle/backup/backdb<oracleaux_5_20120414.bak', params=>null); #如果爲磁帶，params不變 9 sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate; 10 END; 11 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> |
恢復控制文件：
|
SQL> DECLARE 2 devtype varchar2(256); 3 done boolean; 4 BEGIN devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate(type=>'',ident=>'T1'); 5 devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate(type=>'',ident=>'T1'); 6 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile; 7 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreControlFileTo(cfname=>'/dev/raw/raw6'); 8 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'/oracle/backup/backdb<oracleaux_5_20120414.bak', params=>null); 9 sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate; 10 END; 11 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> DECLARE 2 devtype varchar2(256); 3 done boolean; 4 BEGIN 5 devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate(type=>'',ident=>'T1'); 6 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile; 7 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreControlFileTo(cfname=>'/dev/raw/raw7'); 8 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'/oracle/backup/backdb<oracleaux_5_20120414.bak', params=>null); 9 sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate; 10 END; 11 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> DECLARE 2 devtype varchar2(256); 3 done boolean; 4 BEGIN 5 devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate(type=>'',ident=>'T1'); 6 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile; 7 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreControlFileTo(cfname=>'/dev/raw/raw8'); 8 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'/oracle/backup/backdb<oracleaux_5_20120414.bak', params=>null); 9 sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate; 10 END; 11 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> |
恢復數據文件：
|
SQL> DECLARE 2 devtype varchar2(256); 3 done boolean; 4 BEGIN 5 devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate(type=>'',ident=>'T1'); 6 7 BEGIN 8 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile; 9 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDataFileTo(dfnumber=>1,toname=>'/dev/raw/raw1'); 10 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'/oracle/backup/backdb<oracleaux_4_20120414.bak', params=>null); 11 END; 12 13 BEGIN 14 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile; 15 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDataFileTo(dfnumber=>2,toname=>'/dev/raw/raw3'); 16 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'/oracle/backup/backdb<oracleaux_4_20120414.bak', params=>null); 17 END; 18 19 BEGIN 20 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile; 21 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDataFileTo(dfnumber=>3,toname=>'/dev/raw/raw2'); 22 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'/oracle/backup/backdb<oracleaux_4_20120414.bak', params=>null); 23 END; 24 25 BEGIN 26 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile; 27 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDataFileTo(dfnumber=>4,toname=>'/dev/raw/raw4'); 28 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'/oracle/backup/backdb<oracleaux_4_20120414.bak', params=>null); 29 END; 30 31 sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate; 32 END; 33 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> |
3.4、重啓數據庫並驗證恢復
這裏缺失臨時表空間的恢復，在數據庫打開的時候會自動創建。
由於日誌也被dd清理，因此數據庫打開是時候也會自動創建。
在打開數據庫之前需要使用rman先恢復數據庫。
|
SQL> shutdown immediate; ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup nomount; ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 486539264 bytes Fixed Size 1268196 bytes Variable Size 138413596 bytes Database Buffers 339738624 bytes Redo Buffers 7118848 bytes SQL> alter database mount;
Database altered.
SQL> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining Scoring Engine and Real Application Testing options [uniread] Saved history (422 lines) [oracle@clone_sigle oracle]$ rman target / [uniread] Loaded history (132 lines)
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期六 4月 14 23:59:12 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCLAUX (DBID=2639214075, not open)
RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 14-4月 -12 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=1641 devtype=DISK
starting media recovery
unable to find archive log archive log thread=1 sequence=1 RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 04/14/2012 23:59:22 RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown log: thread 1 seq 1 lowscn 579708 #這裏報錯是因爲聯機日誌被dd命令清空了
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
database opened
RMAN> |
同時在alert日誌中能看到如下內容
|
Sat Apr 14 23:59:20 2012 alter database recover datafile list clear Completed: alter database recover datafile list clear Sat Apr 14 23:59:20 2012 alter database recover datafile list 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 Completed: alter database recover datafile list 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 Sat Apr 14 23:59:20 2012 alter database recover if needed start until cancel using backup controlfile Media Recovery Start parallel recovery started with 2 processes ORA-279 signalled during: alter database recover if needed start until cancel using backup controlfile ... Sat Apr 14 23:59:20 2012 alter database recover cancel Sat Apr 14 23:59:22 2012 Media Recovery Canceled Completed: alter database recover cancel Sat Apr 14 23:59:30 2012 alter database open resetlogs Sat Apr 14 23:59:30 2012 Errors in file /oracle/admin/orclaux/udump/orclaux_ora_10992.trc: ORA-00367: checksum error in log file header ORA-00316: log 1 of thread 1, type 0 in header is not log file ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/dev/raw/raw10' Sat Apr 14 23:59:30 2012 Errors in file /oracle/admin/orclaux/udump/orclaux_ora_10992.trc: ORA-00367: checksum error in log file header ORA-00316: log 2 of thread 1, type 0 in header is not log file ORA-00312: online log 2 thread 1: '/dev/raw/raw12' RESETLOGS after incomplete recovery UNTIL CHANGE 579708 Resetting resetlogs activation ID 2640878604 (0x9d689c0c) Sat Apr 14 23:59:32 2012 Setting recovery target incarnation to 4 Sat Apr 14 23:59:32 2012 Hex dump of (file 201, block 1) in trace file /oracle/admin/orclaux/bdump/orclaux_dbw0_10789.trc Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00400001 (file 201, block 1) Completely zero block found during data file header read Reread of rdba: 0x00400001 (file 201, block 1) found valid data Sat Apr 14 23:59:32 2012 Errors in file /oracle/admin/orclaux/bdump/orclaux_dbw0_10789.trc: ORA-01186: Message 1186 not found; No message file for product=RDBMS, facility=ORA; arguments: [201] ORA-01122: Message 1122 not found; No message file for product=RDBMS, facility=ORA; arguments: [201] ORA-01110: Message 1110 not found; No message file for product=RDBMS, facility=ORA; arguments: [201] [/dev/raw/raw5] ORA-01205: Message 1205 not found; No message file for product=RDBMS, facility=ORA; arguments: [0] File 201 not verified due to error ORA-01122 Sat Apr 14 23:59:32 2012 Assigning activation ID 2640864264 (0x9d686408) LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES ARC0 started with pid=20, OS id=10997 Sat Apr 14 23:59:32 2012 ARC0: Archival started ARC1: Archival started LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE ARC1 started with pid=21, OS id=10999 Sat Apr 14 23:59:33 2012 Thread 1 opened at log sequence 1 Current log# 1 seq# 1 mem# 0: /dev/raw/raw10 Current log# 1 seq# 1 mem# 1: /dev/raw/raw11 Successful open of redo thread 1 Sat Apr 14 23:59:33 2012 MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set Sat Apr 14 23:59:33 2012 ARC1: Becoming the 'no FAL' ARCH ARC1: Becoming the 'no SRL' ARCH Sat Apr 14 23:59:33 2012 ARC0: Becoming the heartbeat ARCH Sat Apr 14 23:59:33 2012 SMON: enabling cache recovery Sat Apr 14 23:59:34 2012 Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 1. Dictionary check beginning Sat Apr 14 23:59:34 2012 Errors in file /oracle/admin/orclaux/bdump/orclaux_dbw0_10789.trc: ORA-01186: Message 1186 not found; No message file for product=RDBMS, facility=ORA; arguments: [201] ORA-01122: Message 1122 not found; No message file for product=RDBMS, facility=ORA; arguments: [201] ORA-01110: Message 1110 not found; No message file for product=RDBMS, facility=ORA; arguments: [201] [/dev/raw/raw5] ORA-01205: Message 1205 not found; No message file for product=RDBMS, facility=ORA; arguments: [0] Sat Apr 14 23:59:34 2012 File 201 not verified due to error ORA-01122 Sat Apr 14 23:59:34 2012 Dictionary check complete Sat Apr 14 23:59:34 2012 SMON: enabling tx recovery Sat Apr 14 23:59:34 2012 Cannot re-create tempfile /dev/raw/raw5, the same name file exists Database Characterset is ZHS16GBK Opening with internal Resource Manager plan where NUMA PG = 1, CPUs = 2 replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found) Starting background process QMNC QMNC started with pid=22, OS id=11001 Sat Apr 14 23:59:37 2012 LOGSTDBY: Validating controlfile with logical metadata Sat Apr 14 23:59:37 2012 LOGSTDBY: Validation complete Completed: alter database open resetlogs |
驗證恢復
|
[oracle@clone_sigle oracle]$ sq [uniread] Loaded history (422 lines)
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期日 4月 15 00:03:28 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba Connected. SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE ---------- READ WRITE
SQL> select * from test_restore;
T_NUM T_DATE ---------- ----------------- 1 20120414 22:49:12
SQL> |