SSH2框架搭建 和 配置文件詳解

SSH框架，當今最爲流行的項目開發框架組合，那麼掌握他的第一步是學習如何配置環境，java Web開發的無論哪種框架都離不開各種xml配置，雖然說配置在網上到處都有，但是要成爲合格的程序猿，必須要明白配置中每一部分的意義，分析它的規律，因此這一步至關重要。

SSH分爲SSH1和SSH2，區別主要在於Struts的版本，即Struts1和Struts2，Struts1與Struts2在配置上有所差別，

這回主要爲大家介紹的是基於Struts2的SSH2框架搭建。

我們在搭建框架之前，首先一定要注意各個框架的版本，不同的版本集成方式和所需的jar包是有區別的。

SSH2框架的版本爲：struts-2.2.3 + spring-2.5.6 + hibernate-3.6.8

struts2：

struts2-core-2.2.3.jar

struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.3.jar

xwork-core-2.2.3.jar

commons-io-2.0.1.jar

commons-lang-2.5.jar

commons-fileupload-1.2.2.jar

freemarker-2.3.16.jar

ognl-3.0.1.jar

javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar（hibernate同樣需要）

spring：

spring.jar

commons-logging-1.1.1.jar

common-annotations.jar

aspectjrt.jar

aspectjweaver.jar

cglib-nodep-2.1_3.jar

（如果用BasicDataSource來配置數據庫連接，還要加入以下2個包）

commons-dbcp.jar

commons-pool.jar

hibernate：

hibernate3.jar

hibernate-jpa-2.0-api-1.0.1.Final.jar

antlr-2.7.6.jar

commons-collections-3.1.jar

dom4j-1.6.1.jar

javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar

jta-1.1.jar

slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar

slf4j-nop-1.6.4.jar（這個jar包要去slf4j官網下載slf4j-1.6.4集成包）

2. web.xml配置

<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
  <display-name>testSSH</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>


  <!-- 配置資源 -->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:config/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

  <!-- 配置自定義filter，並由spring管理 -->
  <!--
  <filter>
    <filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>targetFilterLifecycle</param-name>
      <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>


  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
   -->


  <!-- 配置CharacterEncoding，設置字符集 -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
      <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>

  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <!-- 將HibernateSession開關控制配置在Filter，保證一個請求一個session，並對lazy提供支持 -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>singleSession</param-name>
      <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>

  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>


  <!-- 配置struts2 -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>config</param-name>
        <param-value>struts-default.xml,struts-plugin.xml,/config/struts.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>

  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>


  <!-- 配置spring -->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>


  <!-- 頁面session配置 -->
  <session-config>
    <session-timeout>20</session-timeout>
  </session-config>


  <!-- 錯誤頁面 -->
  <error-page>
    <error-code>404</error-code>
    <location>/error404.html</location>
  </error-page>
</web-app></span>

 注意：

① 配置自定義filter即DelegatingFilterProxy時，參數targetFilterLifecycle設爲true是將filter放入web容器中成爲真正意義上的filter。否則只是個代理filter，不具有filter的生命週期，因此無法執行filter的init、destroy方法。因爲統一交由spring管理，所以在spring資源配置文件（如applicationContext.xml）中必須相應的並且名稱爲myFilter的bean。

② OpenSessionInViewFilter要將參數singleSession設置爲true，否則意義不大。

③ 配置struts2建議採用StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter。struts.xml默認放在src根目錄下，若想放置到其他地方還要將struts-default.xml和struts-plugin.xml一同配置下，否則在於其他框架結合時（如spring）就會報錯。配置struts2的filter標籤要放到所有filter標籤的最下面，否則會有問題。

3. struts.xml配置

<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
          "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
          "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
    <!-- 將Action的創建交給spring來管理 -->
    <constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" />

    <!-- 更改struts2請求Action的後綴名，默認爲action。若想去掉後綴，設爲","即可 -->
    <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="do"></constant>

    <package name="struts" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <!-- 配置攔截器 -->
        <interceptors>
            <interceptor name="myInterceptor" class="myInterceptor"></interceptor>
            <interceptor-stack name="myDefult">
                <interceptor-ref name="myInterceptor"></interceptor-ref>
                <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
            </interceptor-stack>
        </interceptors>

        <action name="myLogin" class="loginAction">
            <result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
            <result name="error" type="redirect">/index.jsp</result>
        </action>

        <action name="testSession" class="sessionAction">
            <interceptor-ref name="myDefult"></interceptor-ref>
            <result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
            <result name="error" type="redirect">/login.jsp</result>
        </action>
    </package>
</struts></span>

注意：

① 執行完自定義攔截器後，還要執行struts2默認的攔截器defaultStack，否則可能會出錯。

② action標籤的class屬性，與spring結合後要寫成spring中bean的名稱name。

4. applicationContext.xml

<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
    <!-- 啓用spring註解支持 -->
    <context:annotation-config/>

    <!-- 第一種方法配置sessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:config/hibernate.cfg.xml"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 第二種方法配置sessionFactory
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:wang"/>
        <property name="username" value="wang"/>
        <property name="password" value="wang"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>

        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
            </props>
        </property>

        <property name="mappingLocations">
            <list>
                <value>classpath:test/entity/User.hbm.xml</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
     -->

    <!-- 第一種方法配置事務 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
    </bean>

    <tx:advice id="txadvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
            <tx:method name="del*" propagation="REQUIRED" no-rollback-for="MyException"/>
            <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="daoMethods" expression="execution(* test.dao.*.*(..))"/>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txadvice" pointcut-ref="daoMethods"/>
    </aop:config>

    <!-- 第二種方法配置事務
    <bean id="transactionProxy" class= "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" abstract="true">
    必須爲true時CGLIB纔不用強制編寫DAO接口
        <property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true" />
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
        <property name="transactionAttributes">
            <props>
                <prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, -Exception</prop>
                <prop key="del*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, +MyException</prop>
                <prop key="update">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, readOnly</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="userService" parent="transactionProxy">
        <property name="target" ref="iUserService"></property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="iUserService" class="test.service.UserServiceImpl"></bean>
     -->

    <bean id="userService" class="test.service.UserServiceImpl"></bean>

    <bean id="userDao" class="test.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

    <!-- spring管理的自定義filter -->
    <bean id="myFilter" class="test.service.MyFilter"></bean>

    <!-- spring管理struts2的Action -->
    <bean id="loginAction" class="test.action.LoginAction" scope="prototype"></bean>
    <bean id="sessionAction" class="test.action.SessionAction" scope="prototype"></bean>
    <bean id="myInterceptor" class="test.service.MyInterceptor" scope="prototype"></bean>
</beans></span>

注意：

① 配置事務時，如果事務是與含有sessionFactory的DAO層關聯的話，要將<aop:config>標籤的proxy-target-class屬性設爲true（第二種方法是proxyTargetClass屬性），否則就會報錯

② 採用Resource或Autowired註解時，bean中無需配置property屬性標籤。

③ 採用第二種方法配置sessionFactory時，還需要另外引入兩個包（詳見上述“所需jar”部分）。

5. filter與攔截器

● MyFilter.java

<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">package test.service;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

public class MyFilter implements Filter {

    private String encoding;

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
        response.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("========" + config.getInitParameter("encoding") + "========");
        encoding = config.getInitParameter("encoding");
    }
}</span>

● MyInterceptor.java

<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">package test.service;

import java.util.Map;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.Interceptor;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class MyInterceptor implements Interceptor{

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }

    @Override
    public void init() {

    }

    @Override
    public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {
        Map sessionMap = invocation.getInvocationContext().getSession();
        String username = (String)sessionMap.get("username");

        if (username != null) {
            return invocation.invoke();
        }
        return "error";
    }

}</span>

filter與攔截器（interceptor）的區別：

二者不論從結構還是功能都非常相似，但是二者是有區別的,：

① filter是基於servlet容器的，而interceptor僅限於struts2，因此filter的作用域要遠大於interceptor。

② filter中doFilter方法是基於回調函數，而interceptor中intercept方法則是基於java反射。

③ filter的功能要遠大於interceptor，filter除了過濾請求外通過通配符可以保護頁面，圖片，文件，還可以進行加密、安全過濾、權限管理等等，而Interceptor基本只能過濾請求。

④ filter攔截請求的粒度較粗，interceptor攔截請求的粒度較細。

6. action層

● LoginAction.java

<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">package test.action;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import test.entity.User;
import test.service.IUserService;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {

    @Resource
    private IUserService userService;

    private String username;

    private String password;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    @Override
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername(username);
        user.setPassword(password);
        try {
            userService.addUser(user);
            HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
            request.getSession().setAttribute("username", username);
            return "success";
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "error";
    }
}</span>

7. service層

● UserServiceImpl.java

<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">package test.service;

import java.util.List;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import test.dao.IUserDao;
import test.entity.User;

public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService{

    @Resource
    private IUserDao userDao;

    @Override
    public void addUser(User user) throws Exception {
        userDao.addUser(user);
        if (!"admin".equals(user.getUsername()) || !"admin".equals(user.getPassword())) {
            throw new Exception();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean updateUser(User user) {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean delUser(String username) {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public List<User> findAllUser() {
        return null;
    }
}</span>

接口因爲很簡單，就不展示了，這裏我將filter和攔截器也放到了service層，僅是個示例而已，filter或interceptor最好單獨放在一層。

8. dao層

● UserDaoImpl.java

<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">package test.dao;

import java.util.Date;

import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;

import test.entity.User;

public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements IUserDao{

    @Override
    public void addUser(User user){
        user.setName("wang");
        user.setCreateTime(new Date());
        user.setModifyTime(new Date());
        this.getHibernateTemplate().save(user);
    }
}</span>

9. entity層

<span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">package test.entity;

import java.util.Date;

public class User {

    private String username;

    private String password;

    private String name;

    private String email;

    private String tell;

    private Date createTime;

    private Date modifyTime;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public String getTell() {
        return tell;
    }

    public void setTell(String tell) {
        this.tell = tell;
    }

    public Date getCreateTime() {
        return createTime;
    }

    public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) {
        this.createTime = createTime;
    }

    public Date getModifyTime() {
        return modifyTime;
    }

    public void setModifyTime(Date modifyTime) {
        this.modifyTime = modifyTime;
    }
}</span>