先說說動態生成的內容當作文件來下載的方法:
1、通過把Content-Type設置爲application/octet-stream,可以把動態生成的內容當作文件來下載;content-type內容設置可以參看:
http://www.ostools.net/commons
2、用Content-Disposition設置下載的文件名;
3、 基本上,下載程序都是這麼寫的:
<?php
$filename = "document.txt";
header('Content-Type: application/octet-stream');
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=' . $filename);
print "Hello!";
?>
4、當然要考慮到瀏覽器兼容性和對如果文件名是中文的話出現異常bug,我們這麼寫:
<?php
$ua = $_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"];
$filename = "文件名.txt";
$encoded_filename = urlencode($filename);
$encoded_filename = str_replace("+", "%20", $encoded_filename);
header('Content-Type: application/octet-stream');
if (preg_match("/MSIE/", $ua)) {
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="' . $encoded_filename . '"');
} else if (preg_match("/Firefox/", $ua)) {
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename*="utf8\'\'' . $filename . '"');
} else {
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="' . $filename . '"');
}
print 'ABC';
?>
明白了這些之後,生成excel就很簡單了,處理下下載文檔格式,解析數據,balabala就好了,看看怎麼生成一篇excel的文檔吧:
1、原始方式:發送header,用附件的表頭發送到用戶瀏覽器表示是要下載的,然後讀出數據庫中的數據,一條一條的解析,寫入excel格式的文件中。
<?php
$DB_Server = "localhost";
$DB_Username = "root";
$DB_Password = "";
$DB_DBName = "DBName";
$DB_TBLName = "DB_TBLName";
$savename = date("YmjHis");
$Connect = @mysql_connect($DB_Server, $DB_Username, $DB_Password) or die("Couldn't connect.");
mysql_query("Set Names 'gbk'");
$file_type = "vnd.ms-excel";
$file_ending = "xls";
header("Content-Type: application/$file_type;charset=gbk");
header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=".$savename.".$file_ending");
header("Pragma: no-cache");
$now_date = date("Y-m-j H:i:s");
$title = "數據庫名:$DB_DBName,數據表:$DB_TBLName,備份日期:$now_date";
$sql = "Select * from $DB_TBLName";
$ALT_Db = @mysql_select_db($DB_DBName, $Connect) or die("Couldn't select database");
$result = @mysql_query($sql,$Connect) or die(mysql_error());
echo("$title\n");
$sep = "\t";
for ($i = 0;$i < mysql_num_fields($result);$i++)
{
echo mysql_field_name($result,$i) . "\t";
}
print("\n");
$i = 0;
while($row = mysql_fetch_row($result))
{
$schema_insert = "";
for($j=0; $j<mysql_num_fields($result);$j++)
{
if(!isset($row[$j])) $schema_insert .= "NULL".$sep;
elseif ($row[$j] != "") $schema_insert .= "$row[$j]".$sep;
else $schema_insert .= "".$sep;
}
$schema_insert = str_replace($sep."$", "", $schema_insert);
$schema_insert .= "\t";
print(trim($schema_insert));
print "\n"; $i++;
}
return (true);
?>
2、用PHPExcel庫
下面是用PHPExcel實現的與上面功能相同的excel的方法。getCol爲遞歸實現的函數,用於根據數字返回對應的列號編碼。因爲導出的過程中需要指出行號,列號。行號爲簡單的數字,而列號則爲“A-Z”的組合。爲了方便二維數組的導入,根據列數自動得到列號編碼。如“5”->“E”、“27”->“AZ”。
//設置PHPExcel類庫的include path
$dirToLib1='./resource/PHPExcel1.7.0/Classes';
ini_set('include_path', ini_get('include_path').PATH_SEPARATOR.$dirToLib1);
function getCol($num){//遞歸方式實現根據列數返回列的字母標識
$arr=array(0=>'Z',1=>'A',2=>'B',3=>'C',4=>'D',5=>'E',6=>'F',7=>'G',8=>'H',9=>'I',10=>'J',11=>'K',12=>'L',13=>'M',14=>'N',15=>'O',16=>'P',17=>'Q',18=>'R',19=>'S',20=>'T',21=>'U',22=>'V',23=>'W',24=>'X',25=>'Y',26=>'Z');
if($num==0)
return '';
return $this->getCol((int)(($num-1)/26)).$arr[$num%26];
}
function exportToExcel($header,$data,$fileName){
//利用PHPExcel工具進行導出,功能強大,格式規範,可導出2007
$fileName=$this->UTF8ToGBK($fileName);
$objExcel = new PHPExcel();
$objWriter = new PHPExcel_Writer_Excel5($objExcel);
$objExcel->setActiveSheetIndex(0);
$objActSheet = $objExcel->getActiveSheet();
//設置當前活動sheet的名稱
//$objActSheet->setTitle('測試Sheet');
//*************************************
//設置單元格內容
$i=1;
foreach ($header as $key => $value){
$objActSheet->setCellValueExplicit($this->getCol($i).'1', $value,PHPExcel_Cell_DataType::TYPE_STRING);
//*************************************
//設置單元格樣式
$objStyle = $objActSheet->getStyle($this->getCol($i++).'1');
//設置邊框
$objBorder = $objStyle->getBorders();
$objBorder->getTop()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN);
$objBorder->getTop()->getColor()->setARGB('FFDDDDDD'); $objBorder->getBottom()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN);
$objBorder->getBottom()->getColor()->setARGB('FFDDDDDD');
$objBorder->getLeft()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN);
$objBorder->getLeft()->getColor()->setARGB('FFDDDDDD'); // color
$objBorder->getRight()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN);
$objBorder->getRight()->getColor()->setARGB('FFDDDDDD'); // color
//設置填充顏色
$objFill = $objStyle->getFill();
$objFill->setFillType(PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_SOLID);
$objFill->getStartColor()->setARGB('FF00EEEE');
}
$i=1;
foreach ($data as $row){
$i++;
$j=1;
foreach ($header as $key => $value){
$objActSheet->setCellValueExplicit($this->getCol($j++).$i, $row[$key],PHPExcel_Cell_DataType::TYPE_STRING);
}
}
//*************************************
//輸出內容
//到瀏覽器
header("Content-Type: application/force-download");
header("Content-Type: application/octet-stream");
header("Content-Type: application/download");
header('Content-Disposition:inline;filename="'.$fileName.'.xls"');
header("Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary");
header("Expires: Mon, 26 Jul 1997 05:00:00 GMT");
header("Last-Modified: " . gmdate("D, d M Y H:i:s") . " GMT");
header("Cache-Control: must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0");
header("Pragma: no-cache");
$objWriter->save('php://output');
}
3、用PHPExcel等庫,確實比較容易實現,但對大量數據的支持很不好,很容易到達PHP內存使用上限。這裏的方法是利用fputcsv寫CSV(這是一種逗號分隔值文件格式,見http://baike.baidu.com/view/468993.htm)文件的方法,直接向瀏覽器輸出Excel文件:
<?php
// 輸出Excel文件頭,可把user.csv換成你要的文件名
header('Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-excel');
header('Content-Disposition: attachment;filename="user.csv"');
header('Cache-Control: max-age=0');
// 從數據庫中獲取數據,爲了節省內存,不要把數據一次性讀到內存,從句柄中一行一行讀即可
$sql = 'select * from tbl where ……';
$stmt = $db->query($sql);
// 打開PHP文件句柄,php://output 表示直接輸出到瀏覽器
$fp = fopen('php://output', 'a');
// 輸出Excel列名信息
$head = array('姓名', '性別', '年齡', 'Email', '電話', '……');
foreach ($head as $i => $v) {
// CSV的Excel支持GBK編碼,一定要轉換,否則亂碼
$head[$i] = iconv('utf-8', 'gbk', $v);
}
// 將數據通過fputcsv寫到文件句柄
fputcsv($fp, $head);
// 計數器
$cnt = 0;
// 每隔$limit行,刷新一下輸出buffer,不要太大,也不要太小
$limit = 100000;
// 逐行取出數據,不浪費內存
while ($row = $stmt->fetch(Zend_Db::FETCH_NUM)) {
$cnt ++;
if ($limit == $cnt) {
//刷新一下輸出buffer,防止由於數據過多造成問題
ob_flush();
flush();
$cnt = 0;
}
foreach ($row as $i => $v) {
$row[$i] = iconv('utf-8', 'gbk', $v);
}
fputcsv($fp, $row);
}