"Foo" 的辭源
自從 RFC 269 以來，約有 212 篇計算機與通訊技術文件 (RFCs) ，其中包括了句子間的 `foo' 、 `bar' 或 `foobar' 等變數沒有任何恰當的解釋或定義。本文件用來矯正這類不足。
目錄
1. 簡介 ....................................................1
2. 定義及辭類變化 ..........................................2
3. 字首縮略字 ..............................................5
附錄 .......................................................7
安全考量 ..................................................11
參考文件 ..................................................12
作者通訊處 ................................................13
完整著作權聲明 ............................................14
1. 簡介
自從 [RFC269] 以來，大約有 212 篇計算機與通訊技術文件，或者大約百分之七的計算機與通訊技術文件，在句子裏面包含了 `foo' 、 `bar' 或 `foobar' 等變數，卻沒有任何適當的解釋或者定義。雖然看起來是小事，但對於初學者，尤其是母語非英語系者，在瞭解這些語意上會有問題。這份文件用來矯正這類不足。
第二段起描述這些字的定義及辭類變化，第三段詮釋它們的字首縮略字。
在附錄，包含這些字出現在句子中的計算機與通訊技術文件整理表。
2. 定義及辭型變化
bar /bar/ 名詞 [JARGON]
句中第二個變數，在 foo 後及其它等等的前面。
" 假設我們有二個函式 : FOO 和 BAR 。 FOO 呼叫 BAR...."
常常附在 foo 後變成 foobar 。
foo /foo/
感嘆詞 討厭的措辭。
當一個樣板名字，很廣泛地使用在各方面，尤其是程序和檔案。 ( 尤其是草稿檔案 )
語法範例句中使用變數的第一個標準 (bar 、 baz 、 qux 、 quux 、 corge 、 grault 、 garply 、 waldo 、 fred 、 plugh 、 xyzzy 、 thud) [JARGON]
當使用 bar 有關的字眼，它追溯到二次大戰年代軍隊中的粗話縮寫 FUBAR ( 操到爛再來大修 , `Fucked Up Beyond All Repair') ，後來演變成 foobar 。早期由 Jargon 的文件 [JARGON] 解釋這個變化是戰後精簡的粗話，但現在看來比較像是因 FUBAR 衍生的字 `foo' 或許 受德文 `furchtbar'( 可怖的 ) 影響， `foobar' 可能實際上就是這個原意。
至於單字 `foo' 本身從戰前在漫畫及卡通上開始出現，至少看起來是這樣。在西元 1938 年時， Robert Clampett 在華納卡通導演的 " 達菲鴨 " (The Daffy Doc) ，達菲鴨做個手勢說 "SILENCE IS FOO!" 是極早版本， `FOO' 以及 `BAR' 亦出現在 Walt Kelly 的連環漫畫 "Pogo" 中。最早的文獻該算是 Bill Holman 的有關打火弟兄的超現實連環漫畫 "Smokey Stover" 。大約從西元 1930 至 1952 年止，這本漫畫有各式的美式喜感，包括 "Everybody's" 。 "FOO" 這個字眼常出現在汽車車牌上；或是背景畫面中無義意的話，如 "He who foos last foos best" 或 "Many smoke but foo men chew" ；或者 Smokey 說 "Where there's foo, there's fire" 。連環漫畫的作者 Bill Holman 一直充滿了古怪的笑話和個人的奇謀，包括了其它的胡言亂語，諸如 "Notary Sojac" 及 "1506 nix nix" 。根據華納卡通指南 (Warner Brothers Cartoon Companion, WBCC) 所述， Holman 自稱 "foo" 這個字是由某個中國的小雕像底部來的。這似乎言之有理，中國的雕像通常都會加上趨吉避凶的刻文。這可能是中國字的 ' 福 ' (fu) ，有時將它譯成同音的 `foo' ，它是幸福的意思，口頭說時會搭配合適的語調。 ( 獅子狗守護在許 多中國餐 館的門口二側，正式的名稱爲 ` 福狗 ') [PERS] 。英語的說法接納了 Holman 的 `foo' 這個胡說八道的字，肯定受了猶太的 `feh' 及英文的 `fooey' 及 `fool' 影響。 [JARGON, FOLDOC]
Holman 連環漫畫中將很有特色的消防車，稱之爲 Foomobile ，它是二輪的車種。他的漫畫在 1930 年代極其流行，造成了印弟安那州已量產可用的 Holman 式 Foomobile 的傳說。根據美國漫畫百科全書 (Encyclopedia of American Comics, EAC) 的講法， `Foo' 曾在美國掀起一陣狂熱，發現經由流行歌曲，產生了超過五百個 `Foo 俱樂部 ' 。通俗文化使內含 `foo' 蔚爲風潮 ( 包括了華納在 1938-39 年的卡通 ) ，但起源反而迅速遭到遺忘。 [JARGON]
二次世界大戰的期間，它被活生生的保留在美國軍中。在 1944-45 年間，將雷達操作員所追蹤到的神祕軌跡稱爲 'foo 戰機 ' (foo fighters, FF) ，也就是後來所謂的幽浮 (UFO) 。 ( 舊的說法在 1995 年大衆化的口語改爲較適合的噪音搖滾樂團 (grunge-rock bands) [BFF] 。 ) 消息和 Smokey Stover 的漫畫結合 [PERS] 。
在大戰期間，美英二國的軍人常交流粗話。 `FOO' 就醬子開始傳開，變成了蠻著名的英國軍隊戰時刻字留念主題，至少不輸美國軍隊的使用率 [WORDS] 。當英國部隊回防時，刻下 "FOO 到此一遊 " (FOO was here) ，或其它類似的字眼。一些俚語辭典堅稱 FOO 可能是前線監測官 (Forward Observation Observer) 演變來的，但這可能是沒有公開的 ( 就像同期的 "FUBAR") [JARGON] 。四十年後， Paul Dickson 的傑作 "Words" [WORDS] 追查到 "Foo" 在某本 1946 年英國海軍雜誌，引用如下 :
"Mr. Foo is a mysterious Second World War product, gifted with bitter omniscience and sarcasm."
(Foo 先生是二次世界大戰的神祕產品，專門用來挖苦和諷刺知識份子。 )
早期的 Jargon 檔案表示可能是黑客們真的是源於 "FOO, Lampoons and Parody" ，這是一本在西元 1958 年九月首次發行的漫畫書，串起 Charles 和 Robert Crumb 。
儘管 Robert Crumb ( 當時才十五、六歲 ) 之後變成重要又有影響力的地下漫畫家，這大膽的舉動在當時完全不紅；這位老兄在日後竟有複製版在現存的文摘中出現。封面的特色就是用斗大的 FOO 當標題。無論如何，這本漫畫發行量僅一點點， Crumb 的學生就將他畢生的作品合訂，參照 Smokey Stover 的漫畫弄出這個封面。 Crumbs 亦可能影響到西元 1951-52 年短短几期的加拿大名叫 "Foo" 諷刺的雜誌。 [JARGON]
一個過去的成員報導在西元 1959 年的 "TMRC 語言辭典 " (Dictionary of the TMRC Language) ，麻省理工學院鐵路技術社 (the Tech Model Railroad Club at MIT, TMRC) 在編輯時曾提及 Foo 。目前的在線版本，只有在紅皮那本提到一個 "Foo" 的字眼，如下： [TMRC]
Foo: 神聖的音節 ( 蝠嗎呢叭咪哄， FOO MANI PADME HUM) ；只在神的恩典下和它交談用。
我們第一個義務就是守護 Foo Counters 工藝。
一種定義爲 Bill Holman 慣用的蠢字，當年廿歲以上的人會記得在流行文化及俚語間，出現了 " 哈哈就是嚴肅 " (ha ha only serious) 類似神祕的西藏佛教說法。今天的計算機玩家會發現不要用像那樣的冷笑話會很困難，現在不像 1959 年時的冷漠。 [JARGON]
[EF] Foo 王子是 Pheebor 的最後統治者，掌管 Phee Helm ，大約在 Entharion 統治前的四百年。來自 Borphee 被稱爲 " 東部紈褲 " (eastern fop) 的人將 Foo 砍頭後， Pheebor 的全盛時期結束， Borphee 繁榮持續至今。
[OED] 西元十三至十六世紀用來稱呼魔鬼或任何其它的敵人。最早使用是西元 1366 年，喬塞 (Chaucer) 寫的 A B C 詩中第八十四行： "Lat not our alder foo [devil] make his bobance [boast]" 喬塞寫的 "Foo" 應該和現在英文的 "foe" ( 敵人 ) 有關。
一種罕見的狗。
一種近乎絕種的毛絨絨狀狗，可能是中國的福狗；或是新疆的聖犬；亦有可能是源於北歐獵犬和中國蒙古黑鼻狗雜交的；或在中國土狼和黑鼻狗中間的過渡品種。它的名字可能起源於福州，因爲是在福州 (Foochow) 流行的種類，所以可能就用中國東南方的福州 ( 現稱爲閩侯縣 ) 命名。 [DOG]
foobar 名詞
[JARGON] 語法範例句中廣泛使用的變數；參見 foo 的辭源。很可能初期在西元 1960 年到 1970 年代時，由迪吉多 (Digital Equipment Corporation, DEC) 在它的系統手冊中開始傳播開來；考證可追溯到西元 1972 年。黑客通常不用這個，而用同義的 FUBAR 當圈內的行話或切口。一個看起來有理的說法是 "foobar" 在早年的計算機工程師間流傳，因爲 FUBAR 及 "foo bar" 符合電子學技術上術語：反轉 foo 訊號 (signal) 。
foo-fighter 名詞
二次大戰時德國和英國軍事上對幽浮 (Unidentified Flying Objects, UFOs) 的稱呼。參見 [FF] 與上面 "foo" 的部份。
3. 字首縮略字 (Acronyms)
下面的段落是從 University Cork College 以及 Acronym Finder ，選出和計算機用語有關者。
.bar:
副檔名之類的，不代表任何種類的檔案型態。
BAR:
基底位址暫存器 (Base Address Register)
緩衝位址暫存器 (Buffer Address Register)
FOO:
前線監測官 (Forward Observation Observer)
FOO Of Oberlin. 一個組織的迴圈縮寫。
格言 : The FOO, the Proud, the FOO. 參見 <http://cs.oberlin.edu/students/jmankoff/FOO/home.html>
爲了輸出纔開檔。 (File Open for Output.) 一個 NFILE 錯誤代碼。 [RFC1037]
FOOBAR:
在廣大的位址紀錄上處理檔案傳輸協定。 (FTP Operation Over Big Address Records) [RFC1639] ( 尤其是第一份出現 "foo" 的 RFC 文件， [RFC269] ，就是有關檔案傳輸的文件。 )
FUBAR:
通用匯流排定址暫存器失效 (Failed UniBus Address Register) - 在 VAX 機器，迪吉多的工程部門。
操到爛再來大修 (Fucked Up Beyond All Recognition/Repair) - 二次大戰的美國軍隊。有時去髒字改成 " 用到爛再來大修 " (Fouled Up ...) 。
FUBARD - FUBAR 的過去式
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
更詳細文檔：http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3092.html
Etymology of "Foo"
Status of this Memo
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this
memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
Approximately 212 RFCs so far, starting with RFC 269, contain the
terms `foo', `bar', or `foobar' as metasyntactic variables without
any proper explanation or definition. This document rectifies that
deficiency.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction............................................1
2. Definition and Etymology................................2
3. Acronyms................................................5
Appendix...................................................7
Security Considerations...................................11
References................................................12
Authors' Addresses........................................13
Full Copyright Statement..................................14
1. Introduction
Approximately 212 RFCs, or about 7% of RFCs issued so far, starting
with [RFC269], contain the terms `foo', `bar', or `foobar' used as a
metasyntactic variable without any proper explanation or definition.
This may seem trivial, but a number of newcomers, especially if
English is not their native language, have had problems in
understanding the origin of those terms. This document rectifies
that deficiency.
Section 2 below describes the definition and etymology of these words
and Section 3 interprets them as acronyms.
As an Appendix, we include a table of RFC occurrences of these words
as metasyntactic variables.
2. Definition and Etymology
bar /bar/ n. [JARGON]
1. The second metasyntactic variable, after foo and before baz.
"Suppose we have two functions: FOO and BAR. FOO calls BAR...."
2. Often appended to foo to produce foobar.
foo /foo/
1. interj. Term of disgust.
2. Used very generally as a sample name for absolutely anything, esp.
programs and files (esp. scratch files).
3. First on the standard list of metasyntactic variables used in
syntax examples (bar, baz, qux, quux, corge, grault, garply,
waldo, fred, plugh, xyzzy, thud). [JARGON]
When used in connection with `bar' it is generally traced to the
WW II era Army slang acronym FUBAR (`Fucked Up Beyond All
Repair'), later modified to foobar. Early versions of the Jargon
File [JARGON] interpreted this change as a post-war
bowdlerization, but it now seems more likely that FUBAR was itself
a derivative of `foo' perhaps influenced by German `furchtbar'
(terrible) - `foobar' may actually have been the original form.
For, it seems, the word `foo' itself had an immediate prewar
history in comic strips and cartoons. In the 1938 Warner Brothers
cartoon directed by Robert Clampett, "The Daffy Doc", a very early
version of Daffy Duck holds up a sign saying "SILENCE IS FOO!"
`FOO' and `BAR' also occurred in Walt Kelly's "Pogo" strips. The
earliest documented uses were in the surrealist "Smokey Stover"
comic strip by Bill Holman about a fireman. This comic strip
appeared in various American comics including "Everybody's"
between about 1930 and 1952. It frequently included the word
"FOO" on license plates of cars, in nonsense sayings in the
background of some frames such as "He who foos last foos best" or
"Many smoke but foo men chew", and had Smokey say "Where there's
foo, there's fire". Bill Holman, the author of the strip, filled
it with odd jokes and personal contrivances, including other
nonsense phrases such as "Notary Sojac" and "1506 nix nix".
According to the Warner Brothers Cartoon Companion [WBCC] Holman
claimed to have found the word "foo" on the bottom of a Chinese
figurine. This is plausible; Chinese statuettes often have
apotropaic inscriptions, and this may have been the Chinese word
`fu' (sometimes transliterated `foo'), which can mean "happiness"
when spoken with the proper tone (the lion-dog guardians flanking
the steps of many Chinese restaurants are properly called "fu
dogs") [PERS]. English speakers' reception of Holman's `foo'
nonsense word was undoubtedly influenced by Yiddish `feh' and
English `fooey' and `fool'. [JARGON, FOLDOC]
Holman's strip featured a firetruck called the Foomobile that rode
on two wheels. The comic strip was tremendously popular in the
late 1930s, and legend has it that a manufacturer in Indiana even
produced an operable version of Holman's Foomobile. According to
the Encyclopedia of American Comics [EAC], `Foo' fever swept the
U.S., finding its way into popular songs and generating over 500
`Foo Clubs.' The fad left `foo' references embedded in popular
culture (including the couple of appearances in Warner Brothers
cartoons of 1938-39) but with their origins rapidly forgotten.
[JARGON]
One place they are known to have remained live is in the U.S.
military during the WWII years. In 1944-45, the term `foo
fighters' [FF] was in use by radar operators for the kind of
mysterious or spurious trace that would later be called a UFO (the
older term resurfaced in popular American usage in 1995 via the
name of one of the better grunge-rock bands [BFF]). Informants
connected the term to the Smokey Stover strip [PERS].
The U.S. and British militaries frequently swapped slang terms
during the war. Period sources reported that `FOO' became a
semi-legendary subject of WWII British-army graffiti more or less
equivalent to the American Kilroy [WORDS]. Where British troops
went, the graffito "FOO was here" or something similar showed up.
Several slang dictionaries aver that FOO probably came from
Forward Observation Officer, but this (like the contemporaneous
"FUBAR") was probably a backronym [JARGON]. Forty years later,
Paul Dickson's excellent book "Words" [WORDS] traced "Foo" to an
unspecified British naval magazine in 1946, quoting as follows:
"Mr. Foo is a mysterious Second World War product, gifted with
bitter omniscience and sarcasm."
Earlier versions of the Jargon File suggested the possibility that
hacker usage actually sprang from "FOO, Lampoons and Parody", the
title of a comic book first issued in September 1958, a joint
project of Charles and Robert Crumb. Though Robert Crumb (then in
his mid-teens) later became one of the most important and
influential artists in underground comics, this venture was hardly
a success; indeed, the brothers later burned most of the existing
copies in disgust. The title FOO was featured in large letters on
the front cover. However, very few copies of this comic actually
circulated, and students of Crumb's `oeuvre' have established that
this title was a reference to the earlier Smokey Stover comics.
The Crumbs may also have been influenced by a short-lived Canadian
parody magazine named `Foo' published in 1951-52. [JARGON]
An old-time member reports that in the 1959 "Dictionary of the
TMRC Language", compiled at TMRC (the Tech Model Railroad Club at
MIT) there was an entry for Foo. The current on-line version, in
which "Foo" is the only word coded to appear red, has the
following [TMRC]:
Foo: The sacred syllable (FOO MANI PADME HUM); to be spoken
only when under obligation to commune with the Deity. Our first
obligation is to keep the Foo Counters turning.
This definition used Bill Holman's nonsense word, then only two
decades old and demonstrably still live in popular culture and
slang, to make a "ha ha only serious" analogy with esoteric
Tibetan Buddhism. Today's hackers would find it difficult to
resist elaborating a joke like that, and it is not likely 1959's
were any less susceptible. [JARGON]
4. [EF] Prince Foo was the last ruler of Pheebor and owner of the
Phee Helm, about 400 years before the reign of Entharion. When
Foo was beheaded by someone he called an "eastern fop" from
Borphee, the glorious age of Pheebor ended, and Borphee rose to
the prominence it now enjoys.
5. [OED] A 13th-16th century usage for the devil or any other enemy.
The earliest citation it gives is from the year 1366, Chaucer A B
C (84): "Lat not our alder foo [devil] make his bobance [boast]".
Chaucer's "Foo" is probably related to modern English "foe".
6. Rare species of dog.
A spitz-type dog discovered to exist after having long been
considered extinct, the Chinese Foo Dog, or Sacred Dog of
Sinkiang, may have originated through a crossing of Northern
European hunting dogs and the ancient Chow Chow from Mongolia or
be the missing link between the Chinese Wolf and the Chow Chow.
It probably derives its name from foochow, of the kind or style
prevalent in Foochow, of or from the city of Foochow (now Minhow)
in southeast China. [DOG]
foobar n.
[JARGON] A widely used metasyntactic variable; see foo for
etymology. Probably originally propagated through DECsystem
manuals by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in 1960s and early
1970s; confirmed sightings there go back to 1972. Hackers do not
generally use this to mean FUBAR in either the slang or jargon
sense. It has been plausibly suggested that "foobar" spread among
early computer engineers partly because of FUBAR and partly
because "foo bar" parses in electronics techspeak as an inverted
foo signal.
foo-fighter n.
World War II term for Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) noted by
both German and British military. See [FF] and entry above for
"foo".
3. Acronyms
The following information is derived primarily from the compilations
at University Cork College <http://www.ucc.ie/acronyms> and Acronym
Finder <http://www.AcronymFinder.com> generally filtered for computer
usage.
.bar:
Generic file extension which is not meant to imply anything about
the file type.
BAR:
Base Address Register
Buffer Address Register
FOO:
Forward Observation Observer.
FOO Of Oberlin. An organization whose name is a recursive
acronym. Motto: The FOO, the Proud, the FOO. See
<http://cs.oberlin.edu/students/jmankoff/FOO/home.html>.
File Open for Output. An NFILE error code [RFC1037].
FOOBAR:
FTP Operation Over Big Address Records [RFC1639]. (Particularly
appropriate given that the first RFC to use "foo", [RFC269], was
also about file transfer.)
FUBAR:
Failed UniBus Address Register - in a VAX, from Digital Equipment
Corporation Engineering.
Fucked Up Beyond All Recognition/Repair - From US Military in
World War II. Sometimes sanitized to "Fouled Up ...".
FUBARD - Past tense of FUBAR.
Appendix
Below is a table of RFC occurrences of these words as metasyntactic
variables. (This excludes other uses that are reasonably clear like
"vertical bar" or "bar BoF".) Many of these uses are for example
domain names. That usage may decrease with the specification in [RFC
2606] of a Best Current Practice for example domain names.
+------+-----+-----+---------+-------+-----+
| RFC# | bar | foo | foo.bar | fubar | # |
| | | | foobar | | |
+------+-----+-----+---------+-------+-----+
| 269 | X | X | | | 1 |
| 441 | X | X | | | 2 |
| 614 | | X | | | 3 |
| 686 | | X | | | 4 |
| 691 | | X | | | 5 |
| 733 | X | X | | | 6 |
| 742 | | X | | | 7 |
| 743 | X | X | | | 8 |
| 756 | | X | | | 9 |
| 765 | X | X | | | 10 |
| 772 | X | X | | X | 11 |
| 775 | | | X | | 12 |
| 780 | X | X | | X | 13 |
| 788 | X | X | | | 14 |
| 810 | X | X | X | | 15 |
| 819 | | X | | | 16 |
| 821 | X | X | | | 17 |
| 822 | X | X | | | 18 |
| 882 | X | X | | | 19 |
| 883 | | X | | | 20 |
| 897 | X | X | | | 21 |
| 913 | | X | | | 22 |
| 921 | X | X | | | 23 |
| 934 | | X | | | 24 |
| 952 | X | X | X | | 25 |
| 959 | | | X | | 26 |
| 976 | | | X | | 27 |
| 977 | | X | X | | 28 |
| 987 | | | X | | 29 |
| 1013 | | X | | | 30 |
| 1033 | X | X | | | 31 |
| 1035 | | X | | | 32 |
| 1037 | | X | | | 33 |
| 1056 | X | X | X | | 34 |
| 1068 | | X | | | 35 |
| 1137 | | | X | | 36 |
| 1138 | | X | X | | 37 |
| 1148 | | X | X | | 38 |
| 1173 | | | X | | 39 |
| 1176 | | | X | | 40 |
| 1186 | | X | | | 41 |
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+------+-----+-----+---------+-------+-----+
| RFC# | bar | foo | foo.bar | fubar | # |
| | | | foobar | | |
+------+-----+-----+---------+-------+-----+
Security Considerations
Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
References
[BFF] "Best of Foo Fighters: Signature Licks", Troy Stetina, Foo
Fighters, October 2000, Hal Leonard Publishing Corporation,
ISBN 063401470.
[DOG] <http://www.rarebreed.com/breeds/foo/foo.html>.
[EAC] "Encyclopedia of American Comics", Ron Goulart, 1990, Facts
on File.
[EF] "Encyclopedia Frobozzica",
<http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node=Prince%20Foo>
[FF] Foo Fighters - "The Rainbow Conspiracy", Brad Steiger,
Sherry Hansen Steiger, December 1998, Kensington Publishing
Corp., ISBN 1575663635. - Computer UFO Network
<http://www.cufon.org> particularly
<http://www.cufon.org/cufon/foo.htm>.
[FOLDOC] "Free On-Line Dictionary Of Computing",
<http://www.foldoc.org>.
[JARGON] The Jargon File. See <http://www.jargon.org>. Last
printed as "The New Hacker's Dictionary", Eric S. Raymond,
3rd Edition, MIT Press, ISBN 0-262-68092-0, 1996.
[OED] "The Oxford English Dictionary", J. A. Simpson, 1989,
Oxford University Press, ISBN 0198611862.
[PERS] Personal communications.
[RFC269] Brodie, H., "Some Experience with File Transfer", RFC 269,
December 1971.
[RFC1037] Greenberg, B. and S. Keene, "NFILE - A File Access
Protocol", RFC 1037, December 1987.
[RFC1639] Piscitello, D., "FTP Operation Over Big Address Records
(FOOBAR)", RFC 1639, June 1994.
[RFC2606] Eastlake, D. and A. Panitz, "Reserved Top Level DNS Names",
BCP 32, RFC 2606, June 1999.
[TMRC] The Tech Model Railroad Club (The Model Railroad Club of
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Dictionary,
<http://tmrc-www.mit.edu/dictionary.html>.
[WBCC] "Warner Brothers Cartoon Companion",
<http://members.aol.com/EOCostello/>.
[WORDS] "Words", Paul Dickson, ISBN 0-440-52260-7, Dell, 1982.
Authors' Addresses
The authors of this document are:
Donald E. Eastlake 3rd
Motorola
155 Beaver Street
Milford, MA 01757 USA
Phone: +1 508-261-5434 (w)
+1 508-634-2066 (h)
Fax: +1 508-261-4777 (w)
EMail: [email protected]
Carl-Uno Manros
Xerox Corporation
701 Aviation Blvd.
El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
Phone: +1 310-333-8273
Fax: +1 310-333-5514
EMail: [email protected]
Eric S. Raymond
Open Source Initiative
6 Karen Drive
Malvern, PA 19355
Phone: +1 610-296-5718
EMail: [email protected]
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