Linux 掛載新硬盤
前言
版本說明
linux=Amazon Linux 2 AMI
相關鏈接
步驟
- 查看
- 分區
- 格式化
- 掛載
- 查看掛載
- 配置
- 重啓系統再測試
查看
# 查看硬盤
fdisk -l
示例
[root@ip-172-31-19-85 ec2-user]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/nvme1n1: 500 GiB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 65E66B8B-7479-4A5D-8D3C-3570E8F219E7
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1 4096 209715166 209711071 100G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p128 2048 4095 2048 1M BIOS boot
Partition table entries are not in disk order.
分區
# 格式硬盤(/dev/sda 爲硬盤目錄)
fdisk /dev/sda
命令
Help:
DOS (MBR)
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit nested BSD disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
Generic
d delete a partition
F list free unpartitioned space
l list known partition types
n add a new partition
p print the partition table
t change a partition type
v verify the partition table
i print information about a partition
Misc
m print this menu
u change display/entry units
x extra functionality (experts only)
Script
I load disk layout from sfdisk script file
O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file
Save & Exit
w write table to disk and exit
q quit without saving changes
Create a new label
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
o create a new empty DOS partition table
s create a new empty Sun partition table
示例
[root@ip-172-31-19-85 ec2-user]# fdisk /dev/nvme1n1
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.30.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x88e062ee.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-1048575999, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-1048575999, default 1048575999):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 500 GiB.
# w 是保存退出,q 是不保存退出
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
格式化
# 格式化命令 mkfs,格式化類型:XFS 或者 EXT4
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/nvme1n1p1
示例
[root@ip-172-31-19-85 ec2-user]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/nvme1n1p1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
32768000 inodes, 131071744 blocks
6553587 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2279604224
4000 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
掛載
# 掛載命令:mount,格式:mount [-t vfstype] [-o options] device dir
mount /dev/nvme1n1p1 /opt
查看掛載
# df -h 查看linux文件系統的磁盤使用情況
[root@ip-172-31-19-85 ec2-user]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 7.6G 0 7.6G 0% /dev
tmpfs 7.7G 0 7.7G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 7.7G 480K 7.7G 1% /run
tmpfs 7.7G 0 7.7G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/nvme0n1p1 100G 1.5G 99G 2% /
tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/1000
tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0
/dev/nvme1n1p1 493G 73M 467G 1% /opt
配置
# 查看新掛載硬盤的UUID
blkid
# 安裝配置文件(/etc/fstab)中同等配置方式配置
# UUID 掛載的目錄 硬盤格式 [defaults,noatime 1 1](後面3個參數和第一個相同即可)
UUID=7a487823-831a-47e0-b9c5-97a7edc90077 / xfs defaults,noatime 1 1
UUID=47431fe6-f023-4f53-9d3f-a9472dda739b /opt ext4 defaults,noatime 1 1
重啓系統再測試
reboot
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-19-85 ~]$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 7.6G 0 7.6G 0% /dev
tmpfs 7.7G 0 7.7G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 7.7G 424K 7.7G 1% /run
tmpfs 7.7G 0 7.7G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/nvme0n1p1 100G 1.5G 99G 2% /
/dev/nvme1n1p1 493G 73M 467G 1% /opt
tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/1000