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Mailing list ARChives 官方討論區
Nginx 常見應用技術指南[Nginx Tips]
http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-1685-1-1.html
轉自：http://blog.c1gstudio.com/archives/434
本日誌內容來自互聯網和平日使用經驗，整理一下方便日後參考。
1、正則表達式匹配，其中：
* ~ 爲區分大小寫匹配
* ~* 爲不區分大小寫匹配
* !~和!~*分別爲區分大小寫不匹配及不區分大小寫不匹配
2、文件及目錄匹配，其中：
* -f和!-f用來判斷是否存在文件
* -d和!-d用來判斷是否存在目錄
* -e和!-e用來判斷是否存在文件或目錄
* -x和!-x用來判斷文件是否可執行
3、flag標記有：
* last 相當於Apache裏的[L]標記，表示完成rewrite
* break 終止匹配, 不再匹配後面的規則
* redirect 返回302臨時重定向 地址欄會顯示跳轉後的地址
* permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址欄會顯示跳轉後的地址
4、一些可用的全局變量有，可以用做條件判斷(待補全)
$args
$content_length
$content_type
$document_root
$document_uri
$host
$http_user_agent
$http_cookie
$limit_rate
$request_body_file
$request_method
$remote_addr
$remote_port
$remote_user
$request_filename
$request_uri
$query_string
$scheme
$server_protocol
$server_addr
$server_name
$server_port
$uri
5、結合QeePHP的例子
if (!-d $request_filename) {
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;
break;
6、多目錄轉成參數
abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2
if ($host ~* (.*)\.domain\.com) {
set $sub_name $1;
rewrite ^/sort\/(\d+)\/?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;
}
7、目錄對換
/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456
rewrite ^/(\d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;
8、例如下面設定nginx在用戶使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目錄下：
if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;
}
9、目錄自動加“/”
if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}
10、禁止htaccess
location ~/\.ht {
deny all;
}
11、禁止多個目錄
location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {
deny all;
break;
}
12、禁止以/data開頭的文件
可以禁止/data/下多級目錄下.log.txt等請求;
location ~ ^/data {
deny all;
}
13、禁止單個目錄
不能禁止.log.txt能請求
location /searchword/cron/ {
deny all;
}
14、禁止單個文件
location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {
deny all;
}
15、給favicon.ico和robots.txt設置過期時間;
這裏爲favicon.ico爲99天,robots.txt爲7天並不記錄404錯誤日誌
location ~(favicon.ico) {
log_not_found off;
expires 99d;
break;
}
location ~(robots.txt) {
log_not_found off;
expires 7d;
break;
}
16、設定某個文件的過期時間;這裏爲600秒，並不記錄訪問日誌
location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
access_log off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 600;
break;
}
17、文件反盜鏈並設置過期時間
這裏的return 412 爲自定義的http狀態碼，默認爲403，方便找出正確的盜鏈的請求
“rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”顯示一張防盜鏈圖片
“access_log off;”不記錄訪問日誌，減輕壓力
“expires 3d”所有文件3天的瀏覽器緩存
location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;
return 412;
break;
}
access_log off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 3d;
break;
}
18、只充許固定ip訪問網站，並加上密碼
root /opt/htdocs/www;
allow 208.97.167.194;
allow 222.33.1.2;
allow 231.152.49.4;
deny all;
auth_basic "C1G_ADMIN";
auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;
19、將多級目錄下的文件轉成一個文件，增強seo效果
/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html
rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;
20、將根目錄下某個文件夾指向2級目錄
如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
如果你將last改成permanent，那麼瀏覽器地址欄顯是/location/shanghai/
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
上面例子有個問題是訪問/shanghai 時將不會匹配
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last;
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
這樣/shanghai 也可以訪問了，但頁面中的相對鏈接無法使用，
如./list_1.html真實地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html會變成/list_1.html,導至無法訪問。
那我加上自動跳轉也是不行咯
(-d $request_filename)它有個條件是必需爲真實目錄，而我的rewrite不是的，所以沒有效果
if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}
知道原因後就好辦了，讓我手動跳轉吧
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
21、文件和目錄不存在的時候重定向：
if (!-e $request_filename) {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
}
22、域名跳轉
server
{
listen 80;
server_name jump.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/;
access_log off;
}
23、多域名轉向
server_name www.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs;
if ($host ~ "c1gstudio\.net") {
rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent;
}
24、三級域名跳轉
if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)\.i\.c1gstudio\.com$") {
rewrite ^(.*) http://top.c1gstudio.com$1;
break;
}
25、域名鏡向
server
{
listen 80;
server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last;
access_log off;
}
26、某個子目錄作鏡向
location ^~ /zhaopinhui {
rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last;
break;
}
27、discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite
rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)\.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;
rewrite ^/(space|network)\.html$ /$1.php last;
rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;
28、discuz 7 rewrite
rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page\%3D$4&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)\.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;
29、給discuz某版塊單獨配置域名
server_name bbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com;
location = / {
if ($http_host ~ news\.c1gstudio.com$) {
rewrite ^.+ http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.html last;
break;
}
}
30、discuz ucenter 頭像 rewrite 優化
location ^~ /ucenter {
location ~ .*\.php?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location /ucenter/data/avatar {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
location ~ /(.*)_big\.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/p_w_picpaths/noavatar_big.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_middle\.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/p_w_picpaths/noavatar_middle.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_small\.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/p_w_picpaths/noavatar_small.gif;
}
expires 300;
break;
}
}
31、jspace rewrite
location ~ .*\.php?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location ~* ^/index.php/
{
rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
32、wordpress rewrite
location / {
index index.html index.php;
if (-f $request_filename/index.html){
rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break;
}
if (-f $request_filename/index.php){
rewrite (.*) $1/index.php;
}
if (!-e $request_filename)
{
rewrite (.*) /index.php;
}
}
33、discuzx 1.5 rewrite
rewrite ^([^\.]*)/topic-(.+)\.html$ $1/portal.php?mod=topic&topic=$2 last;
rewrite ^([^\.]*)/article-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/portal.php?mod=view&aid=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^([^\.]*)/forum-(\w+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=forumdisplay&fid=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^([^\.]*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=$2&extra=page%3D$4&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^([^\.]*)/group-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=group&fid=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^([^\.]*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/home.php?mod=space&$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^([^\.]*)/([a-z]+)-(.+)\.html$ $1/$2.php?rewrite=$3 last;
if (!-e $request_filename) {
return 404;
}
34、動態參數rewrite
以discuz7.2到discuzx1.5爲例
if ($query_string ~* tid=([0-9]+)) {
set $id $1;
rewrite "^(.*)/viewthread.php$" $1/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=$id&extra=page%3D&page=1 last;
}
if ($query_string ~* gid=([0-9]+)) {
set $id $1;
rewrite "^(.*)/index.php$" $1/forum.php?gid=$id last;
}
rewrite ^([^\.]*)/archiver/$ $1/forum.php?archiver=1 last;
35、nginx 嵌套if
nginx不支持if and和多層嵌套if,讓我頭痛很久,需要通過其它方法實現.
下面是把訪問鏡像網站cnc.c1gstudio.com的爬蟲轉到www站.
set $needrewrite '';
if ($http_user_agent ~* (baiduspider|googlebot|soso|bing|sogou|yahoo|sohu-search|yodao|YoudaoBot|robozilla|msnbot|MJ12bot|NHN|Twiceler)) {
set $needrewrite 'o';
}
if ($host ~ cnc\.c1gstudio\.com) {
set $needrewrite "${needrewrite}k";
}
if ($needrewrite = ok) {
#return 403;
rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent;
}
reload nginx後可以用curl來做測試
curl -I -A “soso” cnc.c1gstudio.com