【LeetCode】數據庫練習題

LeetCode上面公開的幾道SQL題結果,歡迎大家討論。

https://leetcode-cn.com/problemset/database/

 

175. 組合兩個表【簡單】

表1:PersonId 是主鍵

+-------------+---------+
| 列名         | 類型     |
+-------------+---------+
| PersonId    | int     |
| FirstName   | varchar |
| LastName    | varchar |
+-------------+---------+

表2: AddressAddressId 是主鍵

+-------------+---------+
| 列名         | 類型    |     
+-------------+---------+
| AddressId   | int     |
| PersonId    | int     |
| City        | varchar |
| State       | varchar |
+-------------+---------+

編寫一個 SQL 查詢,滿足條件:無論 person 是否有地址信息,都需要基於上述兩表提供 person 的以下信息:

FirstName, LastName, City, State

select p.firstname, p.lastname, a.city, a.state
from person p left join address a
on p.personid = a.personid

這裏需要注意的是,select後字段最好加上表名,我第一遍沒加表名,運行超時了。

 

176. 第二高的薪水【簡單】

 

編寫一個 SQL 查詢,獲取 Employee 表中第二高的薪水(Salary) 。

+----+--------+
| Id | Salary |
+----+--------+
| 1  | 100    |
| 2  | 200    |
| 3  | 300    |
+----+--------+

例如上述 Employee 表,SQL查詢應該返回 200 作爲第二高的薪水。如果不存在第二高的薪水,那麼查詢應返回 null

+---------------------+
| SecondHighestSalary |
+---------------------+
| 200                 |
+---------------------+
select ifnull
((select distinct salary from employee order by salary desc limit 1 offset 1), null)
SecondHighestSalary 

select max(a.salary) SecondHighestSalary from employee a
where 1 = (select count(distinct(b.salary)) from employee b where b.salary > a.salary)

select max(salary) SecondHighestSalary 
from employee 
where salary not in
(select max(salary) from employee)

這裏需要注意的是,當沒有第二高的薪水時,要返回null,ifnull就是起的這樣的作用。

 

177. 第N高的薪水【中等】

編寫一個 SQL 查詢,獲取 Employee 表中第 高的薪水(Salary)。

+----+--------+
| Id | Salary |
+----+--------+
| 1  | 100    |
| 2  | 200    |
| 3  | 300    |
+----+--------+

例如上述 Employee 表,n = 2 時,應返回第二高的薪水 200。如果不存在第 高的薪水,那麼查詢應返回 null

+------------------------+
| getNthHighestSalary(2) |
+------------------------+
| 200                    |
+------------------------+
CREATE FUNCTION getNthHighestSalary(N INT) RETURNS INT
BEGIN
  set N = N - 1;
  RETURN (
      # Write your MySQL query statement below.
      (select distinct salary from employee group by Salary order by salary desc limit 1 offset N)
  );
END


CREATE FUNCTION getNthHighestSalary(N INT) RETURNS INT
BEGIN
  RETURN (
      # Write your MySQL query statement below.
      select max(salary) from employee a
      where N - 1 = (
            select count(distinct(b.salary)) from employee b where b.salary > a.salary
      )
  );
END

 

178. 分數排名【中等】

編寫一個 SQL 查詢來實現分數排名。如果兩個分數相同,則兩個分數排名(Rank)相同。請注意,平分後的下一個名次應該是下一個連續的整數值。換句話說,名次之間不應該有“間隔”。

+----+-------+
| Id | Score |
+----+-------+
| 1  | 3.50  |
| 2  | 3.65  |
| 3  | 4.00  |
| 4  | 3.85  |
| 5  | 4.00  |
| 6  | 3.65  |
+----+-------+

例如,根據上述給定的 Scores 表,你的查詢應該返回(按分數從高到低排列):

+-------+------+
| Score | Rank |
+-------+------+
| 4.00  | 1    |
| 4.00  | 1    |
| 3.85  | 2    |
| 3.65  | 3    |
| 3.65  | 3    |
| 3.50  | 4    |
+-------+------+
select score,
(select count(distinct score) from scores where score >= s.score) rank
from scores s order by score desc

select a.score, count(distinct(b.score)) rank
from scores a join scores b
on a.score <= b.score
group by a.id
order by a.score desc

 

180. 連續出現的數字【中等】

編寫一個 SQL 查詢,查找所有至少連續出現三次的數字。

+----+-----+
| Id | Num |
+----+-----+
| 1  |  1  |
| 2  |  1  |
| 3  |  1  |
| 4  |  2  |
| 5  |  1  |
| 6  |  2  |
| 7  |  2  |
+----+-----+

例如,給定上面的 Logs 表, 1 是唯一連續出現至少三次的數字。

+-----------------+
| ConsecutiveNums |
+-----------------+
| 1               |
+-----------------+
select distinct a.num ConsecutiveNums
from logs a
left join logs b on a.id = b.id-1
left join logs c on b.id = c.id-1
where a.num = b.num and b.num = c.num

這裏需要注意的是,我用from..where連接了三張表,運行超時了

 

181. 超過經理收入的員工【簡單】

Employee 表包含所有員工,他們的經理也屬於員工。每個員工都有一個 Id,此外還有一列對應員工的經理的 Id。

+----+-------+--------+-----------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | ManagerId |
+----+-------+--------+-----------+
| 1  | Joe   | 70000  | 3         |
| 2  | Henry | 80000  | 4         |
| 3  | Sam   | 60000  | NULL      |
| 4  | Max   | 90000  | NULL      |
+----+-------+--------+-----------+

給定 Employee 表,編寫一個 SQL 查詢,該查詢可以獲取收入超過他們經理的員工的姓名。在上面的表格中,Joe 是唯一一個收入超過他的經理的員工。

+----------+
| Employee |
+----------+
| Joe      |
+----------+
select a.name employee
from employee a join employee b
on a.managerid = b.id
where a.salary > b.salary

select a.name employee from employee a
where a.salary > (select salary from employee where id=a.managerid)

 

182. 查找重複的電子郵箱【簡單】

編寫一個 SQL 查詢,查找 Person 表中所有重複的電子郵箱。

示例:

+----+---------+
| Id | Email   |
+----+---------+
| 1  | [email protected] |
| 2  | [email protected] |
| 3  | [email protected] |
+----+---------+

根據以上輸入,你的查詢應返回以下結果:

+---------+
| Email   |
+---------+
| [email protected] |
+---------+
select email from person group by email having count(email) > 1

 

183. 從不訂購的客戶【簡單】

某網站包含兩個表,Customers 表和 Orders 表。編寫一個 SQL 查詢,找出所有從不訂購任何東西的客戶。

Customers 表:

+----+-------+
| Id | Name  |
+----+-------+
| 1  | Joe   |
| 2  | Henry |
| 3  | Sam   |
| 4  | Max   |
+----+-------+

Orders 表:

+----+------------+
| Id | CustomerId |
+----+------------+
| 1  | 3          |
| 2  | 1          |
+----+------------+

例如給定上述表格,你的查詢應返回:

+-----------+
| Customers |
+-----------+
| Henry     |
| Max       |
+-----------+
select name customers
from customers
where id not in (select distinct(customerid) from orders)

select c.name customers
from customers c left join orders o
on c.id = o.customerid
where o.customerid is null

 

184. 部門工資最高的員工【中等】

Employee 表包含所有員工信息,每個員工有其對應的 Id, salary 和 department Id。

+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1  | Joe   | 70000  | 1            |
| 2  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
| 3  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
| 4  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+

Department 表包含公司所有部門的信息。

+----+----------+
| Id | Name     |
+----+----------+
| 1  | IT       |
| 2  | Sales    |
+----+----------+

編寫一個 SQL 查詢,找出每個部門工資最高的員工。例如,根據上述給定的表格,Max 在 IT 部門有最高工資,Henry 在 Sales 部門有最高工資。

+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Max      | 90000  |
| Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
+------------+----------+--------+
select d.name department, e.name employee, e.salary
from employee e join department d
on e.departmentid = d.id
where e.salary = (select max(salary) from employee where departmentid = e.departmentid)

select d.name department, e.name employee, e.salary
from employee e, department d, (select max(salary) salary, departmentid from employee group by departmentid) m
where e.departmentid = d.id and e.salary = m.salary and e.departmentid = m.departmentid

 

196. 刪除重複的電子郵箱【簡單】

編寫一個 SQL 查詢,來刪除 Person 表中所有重複的電子郵箱,重複的郵箱裏只保留 Id 最小 的那個。

+----+------------------+
| Id | Email            |
+----+------------------+
| 1  | [email protected] |
| 2  | [email protected]  |
| 3  | [email protected] |
+----+------------------+
Id 是這個表的主鍵。

例如,在運行你的查詢語句之後,上面的 Person 表應返回以下幾行:

+----+------------------+
| Id | Email            |
+----+------------------+
| 1  | [email protected] |
| 2  | [email protected]  |
+----+------------------+
delete b
from person a join person b
on a.email = b.email and a.id < b.id

1)找出所有重複的電子郵箱,需要判斷出所有重複的電子郵箱,即p1.Email = p2.Email
2)刪除Id大的重複郵箱,需要判斷重複郵箱中Id較大的:p1.Id > p2.Id

 

197. 上升的溫度【簡單】

給定一個 Weather 表,編寫一個 SQL 查詢,來查找與之前(昨天的)日期相比溫度更高的所有日期的 Id。

+---------+------------------+------------------+
| Id(INT) | RecordDate(DATE) | Temperature(INT) |
+---------+------------------+------------------+
|       1 |       2015-01-01 |               10 |
|       2 |       2015-01-02 |               25 |
|       3 |       2015-01-03 |               20 |
|       4 |       2015-01-04 |               30 |
+---------+------------------+------------------+

例如,根據上述給定的 Weather 表格,返回如下 Id:

+----+
| Id |
+----+
|  2 |
|  4 |
+----+
select a.id
from weather a join weather b
on a.temperature > b.temperature 
where datediff(a.RecordDate, b.RecordDate) = 1

 

262. 行程和用戶【困難】

Trips 表中存所有出租車的行程信息。每段行程有唯一鍵 Id,Client_Id 和 Driver_Id 是 Users 表中 Users_Id 的外鍵。Status 是枚舉類型,枚舉成員爲 (‘completed’, ‘cancelled_by_driver’, ‘cancelled_by_client’)。

+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+
| Id | Client_Id | Driver_Id | City_Id |        Status      |Request_at|
+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+
| 1  |     1     |    10     |    1    |     completed      |2013-10-01|
| 2  |     2     |    11     |    1    | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-01|
| 3  |     3     |    12     |    6    |     completed      |2013-10-01|
| 4  |     4     |    13     |    6    | cancelled_by_client|2013-10-01|
| 5  |     1     |    10     |    1    |     completed      |2013-10-02|
| 6  |     2     |    11     |    6    |     completed      |2013-10-02|
| 7  |     3     |    12     |    6    |     completed      |2013-10-02|
| 8  |     2     |    12     |    12   |     completed      |2013-10-03|
| 9  |     3     |    10     |    12   |     completed      |2013-10-03| 
| 10 |     4     |    13     |    12   | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-03|
+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+

Users 表存所有用戶。每個用戶有唯一鍵 Users_Id。Banned 表示這個用戶是否被禁止,Role 則是一個表示(‘client’, ‘driver’, ‘partner’)的枚舉類型。

+----------+--------+--------+
| Users_Id | Banned |  Role  |
+----------+--------+--------+
|    1     |   No   | client |
|    2     |   Yes  | client |
|    3     |   No   | client |
|    4     |   No   | client |
|    10    |   No   | driver |
|    11    |   No   | driver |
|    12    |   No   | driver |
|    13    |   No   | driver |
+----------+--------+--------+

寫一段 SQL 語句查出 2013年10月1日 至 2013年10月3日 期間非禁止用戶的取消率。基於上表,你的 SQL 語句應返回如下結果,取消率(Cancellation Rate)保留兩位小數。

+------------+-------------------+
|     Day    | Cancellation Rate |
+------------+-------------------+
| 2013-10-01 |       0.33        |
| 2013-10-02 |       0.00        |
| 2013-10-03 |       0.50        |
+------------+-------------------+
select t.request_at day, (round((count(case when t.status like 'cancelled%' then 1 end)/count(t.status)),2)) 'cancellation rate'
from trips t join users u
on t.client_id = u.users_id
where u.banned = 'no'
and t.request_at between '2013-10-01' and '2013-10-03'
group by t.request_at
order by t.request_at

 

595. 大的國家【簡單】

 

這裏有張 World 表

+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| name            | continent  | area       | population   | gdp           |
+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| Afghanistan     | Asia       | 652230     | 25500100     | 20343000      |
| Albania         | Europe     | 28748      | 2831741      | 12960000      |
| Algeria         | Africa     | 2381741    | 37100000     | 188681000     |
| Andorra         | Europe     | 468        | 78115        | 3712000       |
| Angola          | Africa     | 1246700    | 20609294     | 100990000     |
+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------+

如果一個國家的面積超過300萬平方公里,或者人口超過2500萬,那麼這個國家就是大國家。

編寫一個SQL查詢,輸出表中所有大國家的名稱、人口和麪積。

例如,根據上表,我們應該輸出:

+--------------+-------------+--------------+
| name         | population  | area         |
+--------------+-------------+--------------+
| Afghanistan  | 25500100    | 652230       |
| Algeria      | 37100000    | 2381741      |
+--------------+-------------+--------------+
select name, population, area
from world
where area>3000000 or population>25000000

 

596. 超過5名學生的課【簡單】

 

有一個courses 表 ,有: student (學生) 和 class (課程)

請列出所有超過或等於5名學生的課。

例如,表:

+---------+------------+
| student | class      |
+---------+------------+
| A       | Math       |
| B       | English    |
| C       | Math       |
| D       | Biology    |
| E       | Math       |
| F       | Computer   |
| G       | Math       |
| H       | Math       |
| I       | Math       |
+---------+------------+

應該輸出:

+---------+
| class   |
+---------+
| Math    |
+---------+

Note:
學生在每個課中不應被重複計算。

select class
from courses
group by class
having count(distinct(student))>4

 

601. 體育館的人流量【困難】

 

X 市建了一個新的體育館,每日人流量信息被記錄在這三列信息中:序號 (id)、日期 (date)、 人流量 (people)。

請編寫一個查詢語句,找出高峯期時段,要求連續三天及以上,並且每天人流量均不少於100。

例如,表 stadium

+------+------------+-----------+
| id   | date       | people    |
+------+------------+-----------+
| 1    | 2017-01-01 | 10        |
| 2    | 2017-01-02 | 109       |
| 3    | 2017-01-03 | 150       |
| 4    | 2017-01-04 | 99        |
| 5    | 2017-01-05 | 145       |
| 6    | 2017-01-06 | 1455      |
| 7    | 2017-01-07 | 199       |
| 8    | 2017-01-08 | 188       |
+------+------------+-----------+

對於上面的示例數據,輸出爲:

+------+------------+-----------+
| id   | date       | people    |
+------+------------+-----------+
| 5    | 2017-01-05 | 145       |
| 6    | 2017-01-06 | 1455      |
| 7    | 2017-01-07 | 199       |
| 8    | 2017-01-08 | 188       |
+------+------------+-----------+

Note:
每天只有一行記錄,日期隨着 id 的增加而增加。

select distinct a.*
from stadium a, stadium b, stadium c
where a.people >= 100 and b.people >= 100 and c.people >= 100
and ((a.id = b.id - 1 and b.id = c.id - 1)
     or
     (b.id = a.id - 1 and a.id = c.id - 1)
     or
     (c.id = b.id - 1 and b.id = a.id - 1))
order by a.id

 

620. 有趣的電影【簡單】

 

某城市開了一家新的電影院,吸引了很多人過來看電影。該電影院特別注意用戶體驗,專門有個 LED顯示板做電影推薦,上面公佈着影評和相關電影描述。

作爲該電影院的信息部主管,您需要編寫一個 SQL查詢,找出所有影片描述爲 boring (不無聊) 的並且 id 爲奇數 的影片,結果請按等級 rating 排列。

 

例如,下表 cinema:

+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
|   id    | movie     |  description |  rating   |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
|   1     | War       |   great 3D   |   8.9     |
|   2     | Science   |   fiction    |   8.5     |
|   3     | irish     |   boring     |   6.2     |
|   4     | Ice song  |   Fantacy    |   8.6     |
|   5     | House card|   Interesting|   9.1     |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+

對於上面的例子,則正確的輸出是爲:

+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
|   id    | movie     |  description |  rating   |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
|   5     | House card|   Interesting|   9.1     |
|   1     | War       |   great 3D   |   8.9     |
+---------+-----------+--------------+-----------+
select *
from cinema
where description != 'boring'
and id%2 != 0
order by rating desc

 

626. 換座位【中等】

 

小美是一所中學的信息科技老師,她有一張 seat 座位表,平時用來儲存學生名字和與他們相對應的座位 id。

其中縱列的 id 是連續遞增的

小美想改變相鄰倆學生的座位。

你能不能幫她寫一個 SQL query 來輸出小美想要的結果呢?

示例:

+---------+---------+
|    id   | student |
+---------+---------+
|    1    | Abbot   |
|    2    | Doris   |
|    3    | Emerson |
|    4    | Green   |
|    5    | Jeames  |
+---------+---------+

假如數據輸入的是上表,則輸出結果如下:

+---------+---------+
|    id   | student |
+---------+---------+
|    1    | Doris   |
|    2    | Abbot   |
|    3    | Green   |
|    4    | Emerson |
|    5    | Jeames  |
+---------+---------+

注意:

如果學生人數是奇數,則不需要改變最後一個同學的座位。

select s.id , s.student from
(
select id-1 as id ,student from seat where mod(id,2)=0
union
select id+1 as id,student from seat where mod(id,2)=1 and id != (select count(*) from seat)
union
select id,student from seat where mod(id,2)=1 and id = (select count(*) from seat)
) s order by id;

 

627. 交換工資【簡單】

給定一個 salary表,如下所示,有m=男性 和 f=女性的值 。交換所有的 f 和 m 值(例如,將所有 f 值更改爲 m,反之亦然)。要求使用一個更新查詢,並且沒有中間臨時表。

例如:

| id | name | sex | salary |
|----|------|-----|--------|
| 1  | A    | m   | 2500   |
| 2  | B    | f   | 1500   |
| 3  | C    | m   | 5500   |
| 4  | D    | f   | 500    |

運行你所編寫的查詢語句之後,將會得到以下表:

| id | name | sex | salary |
|----|------|-----|--------|
| 1  | A    | f   | 2500   |
| 2  | B    | m   | 1500   |
| 3  | C    | f   | 5500   |
| 4  | D    | m   | 500    |
update salary 
set sex = (case when sex = 'f' then 'm' else 'f' end)

update salary 
set sex = if(sex = 'f', 'm', 'f')

 

 

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