高併發處理【電商搶購】

<?php
$conn=mysql_connect("localhost","big","123456");
if(!$conn){
    echo "connect failed";
    exit;
}
mysql_select_db("big",$conn);
mysql_query("set names utf8");

$price=10;
$user_id=1;
$goods_id=1;
$sku_id=11;
$number=1;

//生成唯一訂單號
function build_order_no(){
    return date('ymd').substr(implode(NULL, array_map('ord', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//記錄日誌
function insertLog($event,$type=0){
    global $conn;
    $sql="insert into ih_log(event,type)
    values('$event','$type')";
    mysql_query($sql,$conn);
}

//模擬下單操作
//庫存是否大於0
mysql_query("BEGIN");   //開始事務
$sql="select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id' FOR UPDATE";//此時這條記錄被鎖住,其它事務必須等待此次事務提交後才能執行
$rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);
$row=mysql_fetch_assoc($rs);
if($row['number']>0){
    //生成訂單
    $order_sn=build_order_no();
    $sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
    values('$order_sn','$user_id','$goods_id','$sku_id','$price')";
    $order_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);

    //庫存減少
    $sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'";
    $store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);
    if(mysql_affected_rows()){
        insertLog('庫存減少成功');
        mysql_query("COMMIT");//事務提交即解鎖
    }else{
        insertLog('庫存減少失敗');
    }
}else{
    insertLog('庫存不夠');
    mysql_query("ROLLBACK");
}
?>

優化方案3：使用非阻塞的文件排他鎖

<?php
$conn=mysql_connect("localhost","root","123456");
if(!$conn){
    echo "connect failed";
    exit;
}
mysql_select_db("big-bak",$conn);
mysql_query("set names utf8");

$price=10;
$user_id=1;
$goods_id=1;
$sku_id=11;
$number=1;

//生成唯一訂單號
function build_order_no(){
    return date('ymd').substr(implode(NULL, array_map('ord', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//記錄日誌
function insertLog($event,$type=0){
    global $conn;
    $sql="insert into ih_log(event,type)
    values('$event','$type')";
    mysql_query($sql,$conn);
}

$fp = fopen("lock.txt", "w+");
if(!flock($fp,LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB)){
    echo "系統繁忙，請稍後再試";
    return;
}
//下單
$sql="select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id'";
$rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);
$row=mysql_fetch_assoc($rs);
if($row['number']>0){//庫存是否大於0
    //模擬下單操作
    $order_sn=build_order_no();
    $sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
    values('$order_sn','$user_id','$goods_id','$sku_id','$price')";
    $order_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);

    //庫存減少
    $sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'";
    $store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);
    if(mysql_affected_rows()){
        insertLog('庫存減少成功');
        flock($fp,LOCK_UN);//釋放鎖
    }else{
        insertLog('庫存減少失敗');
    }
}else{
    insertLog('庫存不夠');
}
fclose($fp);

優化方案4：使用redis隊列，因爲pop操作是原子的，即使有很多用戶同時到達，也是依次執行，推薦使用（mysql事務在高併發下性能下降很厲害，文件鎖的方式也是）

先將商品庫存如隊列

<?php
$store=1000;
$redis=new Redis();
$result=$redis->connect('127.0.0.1',6379);
$res=$redis->llen('goods_store');
echo $res;
$count=$store-$res;
for($i=0;$i<$count;$i++){
    $redis->lpush('goods_store',1);
}
echo $redis->llen('goods_store');
?>

搶購、描述邏輯

<?php
$conn=mysql_connect("localhost","big","123456");
if(!$conn){
    echo "connect failed";
    exit;
}
mysql_select_db("big",$conn);
mysql_query("set names utf8");

$price=10;
$user_id=1;
$goods_id=1;
$sku_id=11;
$number=1;

//生成唯一訂單號
function build_order_no(){
    return date('ymd').substr(implode(NULL, array_map('ord', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//記錄日誌
function insertLog($event,$type=0){
    global $conn;
    $sql="insert into ih_log(event,type)
    values('$event','$type')";
    mysql_query($sql,$conn);
}

//模擬下單操作
//下單前判斷redis隊列庫存量
$redis=new Redis();
$result=$redis->connect('127.0.0.1',6379);
$count=$redis->lpop('goods_store');
if(!$count){
    insertLog('error:no store redis');
    return;
}

//生成訂單
$order_sn=build_order_no();
$sql="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
values('$order_sn','$user_id','$goods_id','$sku_id','$price')";
$order_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);

//庫存減少
$sql="update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'";
$store_rs=mysql_query($sql,$conn);
if(mysql_affected_rows()){
    insertLog('庫存減少成功');
}else{
    insertLog('庫存減少失敗');
}

模擬5000高併發測試
webbench -c 5000 -t 60 http://192.168.1.198/big/index.php
ab -r -n 6000 -c 5000  http://192.168.1.198/big/index.php

上述只是簡單模擬高併發下的搶購，真實場景要比這複雜很多，很多注意的地方
如搶購頁面做成靜態的，通過ajax調用接口
再如上面的會導致一個用戶搶多個，思路：
需要一個排隊隊列和搶購結果隊列及庫存隊列。高併發情況，先將用戶進入排隊隊列，用一個線程循環處理從排隊隊列取出一個用戶，判斷用戶是否已在搶購結果隊列，如果在，則已搶購，否則未搶購，庫存減1，寫數據庫，將用戶入結果隊列。

測試數據表

--
-- 數據庫: `big`
--

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- 表的結構 `ih_goods`
--


CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_goods` (
  `goods_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `cat_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `goods_name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`goods_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ;


--
-- 轉存表中的數據 `ih_goods`
--


INSERT INTO `ih_goods` (`goods_id`, `cat_id`, `goods_name`) VALUES
(1, 0, '小米手機');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- 表的結構 `ih_log`
--

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_log` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `event` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `type` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `addtime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;

--
-- 轉存表中的數據 `ih_log`
--


-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- 表的結構 `ih_order`
--

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_order` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `order_sn` char(32) NOT NULL,
  `user_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `status` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `goods_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `sku_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `price` float NOT NULL,
  `addtime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='訂單表' AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;

--
-- 轉存表中的數據 `ih_order`
--


-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- 表的結構 `ih_store`
--

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_store` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `goods_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `sku_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `number` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `freez` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '虛擬庫存',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='庫存' AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ;

--
-- 轉存表中的數據 `ih_store`
--

INSERT INTO `ih_store` (`id`, `goods_id`, `sku_id`, `number`, `freez`) VALUES
(1, 1, 11, 500, 0);