初識scrapy
- scrapy安裝
- 創建scrapy項目
- 爬取電影天堂相關電影資訊
- 數據寫入數據庫mongodb
- 使用Robo 3T查看數據庫存儲的數據
scrapy安裝
使用 pip install scrapy 命令安裝
創建scrapy項目
1. scrapy基本流程
2. 進入要創建項目的文件夾，輸入scrapy startproject "項目名稱" ------> 創建爬蟲spider
3. 項目生成，在pycharm打開，有如下文件
movie.py:編寫爬蟲 entrypoint.py：IDE調試程序 items.py：定義獲取的數據 pipelines.py: 存儲數據 settings.py: 設置
爬取電影天堂相關電影資訊
1. 查看網頁源碼獲取相關信息
電影類型，url的變化很明顯（僅末位數字變）：https://www.dy2018.com/3/
每種類型下，下一頁url的獲取，很容易觀察出變化，https://www.dy2018.com/6/index_2.html
每種類型下，獲取電影的名字、日期、評分、類型、導演等數據，可以清楚得到資訊，xpath獲取，再進行數據處理提取
2. 源碼：
新建 entrypoint.py
from scrapy.cmdline import execute
# 在IDE運行此文件，跑爬蟲程序
execute(['scrapy','crawl','movie'])
items.py
import scrapy
class MovieBanaItem(scrapy.Item):
# define the fields for your item here like:
# name = scrapy.Field()
# 評分
score=scrapy.Field()
# 類型
type=scrapy.Field()
# 電影名
name=scrapy.Field()
# 日期
date=scrapy.Field()
# 導演
director=scrapy.Field()
settings.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Scrapy settings for Movie_Bana project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
BOT_NAME = 'Movie_Bana'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['Movie_Bana.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'Movie_Bana.spiders'
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'Movie_Bana (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
# 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
# 'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'Movie_Bana.middlewares.MovieBanaSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'Movie_Bana.middlewares.MovieBanaDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}
# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}
# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
# 優先級程度（1-1000隨意設置，數值越低，組件的優先級越高）
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'Movie_Bana.pipelines.MovieBanaPipeline': 1,
}
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
# 使用下列，Scrapy會緩存你有的Requests!當你再次請求時，如果存在緩存文檔則返回緩存文檔，而不是去網站請求，這樣既加快了本地調試速度，也減輕了 網站的壓力
HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'
# Mongodb參數配置 ip/port/數據庫名/集合名
MONGODB_HOST = '127.0.0.1'
MONGODB_PORT = 27017
MONGODB_DBNAME = 'movies'
MONGODB_DOCNAME = 'movie_collection'
movie.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
import requests
from lxml import etree
from scrapy.http import Request # 一個單獨的request模塊，需要跟進url的時候使用
from Movie_Bana.items import MovieBanaItem # 導入定義好的字段
class MovieSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'movie' # 爬蟲名字
allowed_domains = ['dy2018.com'] # 作用是隻會跟進存在於allowed_domains中的URL。不存在的URL會被忽略。
start_url = 'https://www.dy2018.com/'
end_url='.html'
# 獲取電影類型的所用url，拼接url
def start_requests(self):
for i in range(21):
url=self.start_url+str(i)+'/'
# 使用了導入的Request包，來跟進我們的URL（並將返回的response作爲參數傳遞給self.parse, 嗯！這個叫回調函數！）
yield Request(url,self.parse)
# yield Request:請求新的url，後面跟的是回調函數，需要哪一個函數來處理這個返回值，就調用哪一個函數，返回值會以參數的形式傳遞給所調用的函數
# 拼接每個類型下的所有頁面的url，使用parse函數接受上面request獲取到的response
def parse(self, response):
'''
# xml=etree.HTML(response.text)
# 獲取電影類型
types=xml.xpath('//div[@class="title_all"]/h1/font/text()')[0]
# '>'分割字符，並去掉空格，提取出數據
movie_type=types.split('>')[1].strip()
print(movie_type)
# 獲取每個類型下頁面的總數
# max_num =xml.xpath('//div[@class="x"]/p/select//option//text()')
# num=len(max_num)
'''
# 頁數較多，僅選擇10頁測試
num=10
for i in range(1,int(num)+1):
if i==1: #第一頁
url = response.url + 'index' + self.end_url
yield Request(url,self.get_data)
else:
url = response.url + 'index_' + str(i) + self.end_url
yield Request(url, self.get_data)
# yield Request(url, self.get_data, meta={'type': movie_type})
# meta字典，是Scrapy中傳遞額外數據的方法。將在此方法獲取到的數據向下個函數傳遞
# 獲取並處理數據
def get_data(self,response):
xml = etree.HTML(response.text)
item = MovieBanaItem()
# name
names= xml.xpath('//div[@class="co_content8"]/ul//table//tr[2]//td[2]/b/a[2]/text()')
name_list=[]
for name in names:
name_list.append('《'+name.split('《')[1].split('》')[0]+'》')
item["name"]=name_list
# 通過response.meta['']獲取額外傳遞的數據
# item["type"]=str(response.meta['type'])
# type
types=xml.xpath('//div[@class="co_content8"]/ul//table//tr[4]//td/p[2]/text()')
type_list=[]
for i in types:
type_list.append((i.replace("\r\n◎類型:","").strip().split("◎")[0]).replace("\r\n","").strip())
item["type"]=type_list
# 返回字典，然後Pipelines就可以開始對這些數據進行處理了
# date
dates=xml.xpath('//div[@class="co_content8"]/ul//table//tr[3]//td[2]/font[1]/text()')
dates_list=[]
for date in dates:
dates_list.append(date.split("：")[1].strip())
item["date"]=dates_list
# score
scores=xml.xpath('//div[@class="co_content8"]/ul//table//tr[3]//td[2]/font[2]/text()')
scores_list=[]
for score in scores:
scores_list.append(score.split(": ")[1].strip())
item["score"]=scores_list
# director
directors=xml.xpath('//div[@class="co_content8"]/ul//table//tr[4]//td/p[1]/text()')
directors_list=[]
for director in directors:
directors_list.append(director.split('◎')[3].split(":")[1].replace("\r\n",""))
item["director"]=directors_list
return item
pipelines.py
from Movie_Bana.items import MovieBanaItem
from scrapy.utils.project import get_project_settings # 獲取settings.py
import pymongo
class MovieBanaPipeline(object):
def __init__(self):
settings=get_project_settings()
host=settings['MONGODB_HOST']
port=settings['MONGODB_PORT']
dbName = settings['MONGODB_DBNAME']
# 創建連接
client = pymongo.MongoClient(host=host, port=port)
# 創建數據庫
db = client[dbName]
# 創建集合
self.collection = db[settings['MONGODB_DOCNAME']]
def process_item(self, item, spider):
if isinstance(item,MovieBanaItem):
bookInfo=dict(item)
self.collection.insert_one(bookInfo)
print(self.collection)
return item # 切記 一定要返回item進行後續的pipelines 數據處理
使用Robo 3T查看數據庫存儲的數據
