python實現五子棋遊戲（pygame版）

目錄

• 簡介
• 實現過程
• 結語

簡介

使用python實現pygame版的五子棋遊戲；

　　環境：Windows系統+python3.8.0

　　遊戲規則：

　　　　1.分兩位棋手對戰，默認黑棋先下；當在棋盤點擊左鍵，即在該位置繪製黑棋；

　　　　2.自動切換到白棋，當在棋盤點擊左鍵，即在該位置繪製白棋；

　　　　3.輪流切換棋手下棋，當那方先形成5子連線者獲勝（橫、豎、斜、反斜四個方向都可以）。

　　遊戲運行效果如下：

實現過程

1. 新建文件settings.py，用來定義一些必須的基本屬性和初始值；

   class Settings():
   	def __init__(self):
   		"""初始化的遊戲配置"""
   		# 屏幕寬高
   		self.width = 700
   		self.height = 554
   		# 文字顏色和大小
   		self.fontsize = 14
   		self.fonttype = 'simsunnsimsun'
   		# 棋盤格數
   		self.number = 15
   		# 棋盤左邊距、上邊距和間隔
   		self.bd_left = 30
   		self.bd_top = 30
   		self.bd_space = 36
   		# 判斷遊戲是否結束（默認開始）
   		self.game_active = True
   		# 判斷哪方下棋（默認黑子先寫）
   		self.chess_player = 1
   		self.prompt_info = '當前棋手：黑棋'
   		# 開始校驗輸贏（兩邊合計9，因爲已經有一邊5步）
   		self.win_number = 0
   		# 設置背景圖、黑棋圖片、白棋圖片路徑
   		self.checkerboard_bg = 'images/checkerboard_bg.png'
   		self.black_chess = 'images/black_chess.png'
   		self.white_chess = 'images/white_chess.png'
   		# 存儲落子數據
   		self.move_chess = []

    

2. 新建文件checkerboard.py，主要用來繪製背景圖和棋格線；

   import sys
   import pygame
   
   class Checkerboard():
   	def __init__(self, ck_settings, screen, position):
   		self.ck_settings = ck_settings
   		self.screen = screen
   		self.position = position
   		
   		# 顏色和座標大小
   		self.text_color = (0, 0, 0)
   		self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(ck_settings.fonttype, ck_settings.fontsize)
   		# 存儲棋子座標
   		self.checkerboard = []
   		# 加載背景圖、黑棋和白棋（當有圖片不存在時，打印錯誤並退出遊戲）
   		try:
   			self.bg_image = pygame.image.load(ck_settings.checkerboard_bg)		
   			self.black_image = pygame.image.load(ck_settings.black_chess).convert_alpha() # convert_alpha背景透明
   			self.white_image = pygame.image.load(ck_settings.white_chess).convert_alpha()
   			self.chess_rect = self.black_image.get_rect()
   		except Exception as e:
   			print('error:', e)
   			sys.exit()
   
   	def draw_board(self):		
   		# 存儲棋子座標		
   		for i in range(self.ck_settings.number):
   			self.checkerboard.append([])
   			for j in range(self.ck_settings.number):
   				self.checkerboard[i].append(self.position(self.ck_settings.bd_left + i * self.ck_settings.bd_space, self.ck_settings.bd_top + j * self.ck_settings.bd_space))
   		# 繪製棋盤座標
   		for i in range(0, self.ck_settings.number):
   			# ord返回字符的ASCII數值，chr再返回字符
   			x_text = self.font.render(chr(ord('A') + i), True, self.text_color) # A-O
   			y_text = self.font.render(str(i + 1), True, self.text_color) # 1-15
   
   			# 繪製xy軸座標（在棋盤背景圖繪製）
   			self.bg_image.blit(x_text, (self.checkerboard[i][0].x - x_text.get_width() / 2, self.checkerboard[i][0].y - 20))
   			self.bg_image.blit(y_text, (self.checkerboard[0][i].x - 20, self.checkerboard[0][i].y - y_text.get_height() / 2))
   						
   			# 繪製橫豎線（在棋盤背景圖繪製）
   			pygame.draw.line(self.bg_image, self.text_color, self.checkerboard[0][i], self.checkerboard[self.ck_settings.number-1][i])
   			pygame.draw.line(self.bg_image, self.text_color, self.checkerboard[i][0], self.checkerboard[i][self.ck_settings.number-1])
   		# 繪製棋盤背景圖
   		self.screen.blit(self.bg_image, (0, 0))

    

3. 新建文件infopanel.py，主要用來繪製棋盤右邊提示信息（暫時只有顯示下棋方和獲勝信息）；

   import pygame.font
   class Infopanel():
   	def __init__(self, ck_settings, screen):
   		"""初始化屬性"""
   		self.settings = ck_settings
   		self.screen = screen
   		self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
   		# 設置文字顏色和字體大小
   		self.info_color = (217, 8, 10)
   		self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(ck_settings.fonttype, 16)
   		
   	def draw_info(self, info):
   		"""將文字渲染爲圖像，並定位到右邊水平居中"""
   		self.info_image = self.font.render(info, True, self.info_color)
   		self.info_image_rect = self.info_image.get_rect()
   		self.info_image_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - (self.screen_rect.width - 536 - self.info_image_rect.width) / 2
   		self.info_image_rect.top = 50
   		# 繪製到屏幕
   		self.screen.blit(self.info_image, self.info_image_rect)

    

4. 新建文件“game_functions.py”，存放跟遊戲有關的所有業務邏輯函數；

   import sys
   import pygame
    
   # 棋
   def update_board(ck_settings, cb, index_coordinates, position):
   	"""更新棋盤信息"""
   	# 判斷棋手（黑棋或白棋）
   	if ck_settings.chess_player == 1:
   		ck_settings.prompt_info = '當前棋手：白棋'
   		img = cb.black_image
   		chess_type = 'black'
   	else:
   		ck_settings.prompt_info = '當前棋手：黑棋'
   		img = cb.white_image
   		chess_type = 'white'
    
   	"""落棋"""
   	dropState = check_at(ck_settings, index_coordinates)
   	if dropState:
   		i, j = index_coordinates
   		chess_x = cb.checkerboard[j][i].x - cb.chess_rect.width / 2
   		chess_y = cb.checkerboard[j][i].y - cb.chess_rect.height / 2
   		# 累計步數（兩邊合計）
   		ck_settings.win_number += 1
   		# 落子並轉換棋手
   		ck_settings.move_chess.append({'type': chess_type, 'coord': position(i, j)})
   		cb.bg_image.blit(img, (chess_x, chess_y))
   		ck_settings.chess_player *= -1
   		# 合計9步開始校驗輸贏
   		if ck_settings.win_number >= 9:
   			check_stats(ck_settings, (i, j))			
   	else:
   		ck_settings.prompt_info = '已經有其他棋子'
   		
   
   # 檢查(i,j)位置是否已佔用	
   def check_at(ck_settings, index_coordinates):
   	for item in ck_settings.move_chess:
   		if index_coordinates == item['coord']:
   			return False
   	return True
    
   def check_stats(ck_settings, pos):
   	"""校驗四個方向，是否有了輸贏"""
   	pos_i, pos_j = pos
   	directs = [(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, -1)]	# 橫、豎、斜、反斜 四個方向檢查	
   	for direct in directs:
   		line_checkerboard = []
   		d_x, d_y = direct
    
   		last = ck_settings.move_chess[-1]
   		line_ball = []	# 存放在一條線上的棋子
   		for ball in ck_settings.move_chess:
   			# 跟最後落子判斷
   			if ball['type'] == last['type']:
   				x = ball['coord'].x - last['coord'].x 
   				y = ball['coord'].y - last['coord'].y
   				if d_x == 0:
   					if x == 0:
   						line_ball.append(ball['coord'])
   				if d_y == 0:
   					if y == 0:
   						line_ball.append(ball['coord'])
   				if x * d_y == y * d_x:
   					line_ball.append(ball['coord'])
    
   		if len(line_ball) >= 5:	# 只有5子及以上才繼續判斷
   			sorted_line = sorted(line_ball)
   			for i, item in enumerate(sorted_line): 
   				index = i + 4
   				if index < len(sorted_line):
   					if d_x == 0:
   						y1 = item.y
   						y2 = sorted_line[index].y
   						# 此點和第5個點比較y值，如相差爲4則連成5子
   						if abs(y1 - y2) == 4:
   							ck_settings.prompt_info = '黑棋獲勝' if last['type'] == 'black' else '白棋獲勝'
   					else:
   						x1 = item.x
   						x2 = sorted_line[index].x
   						# 此點和第5個點比較x值，如相差爲4則連成5子
   						if abs(x1 - x2) == 4:
   							ck_settings.prompt_info = '黑棋獲勝' if last['type'] == 'black' else '白棋獲勝'
   				else:
   					break
   		
   # 事件
   def check_events(ck_settings, cb, position):
   	"""監聽事件"""
   	for event in pygame.event.get():
   		if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
   			sys.exit()
   		elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
   			# 點擊左鍵
   			if event.button == 1:
   				pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos() # 獲取點擊實際座標
   				# 判斷是否溢出
   				x_first = cb.checkerboard[0][0].x
   				x_last = cb.checkerboard[ck_settings.number - 1][ck_settings.number - 1].x
   				y_first = cb.checkerboard[0][0].y
   				y_last = cb.checkerboard[ck_settings.number - 1][ck_settings.number - 1].y
   				if pos[0] < x_first or pos[0] > x_last or pos[1] < y_first or pos[1] > y_last:
   					ck_settings.prompt_info = '落子位置不正確！'
   				else:
   					index_coordinates = to_index(ck_settings, pos)
   					update_board(ck_settings, cb, index_coordinates, position)
    
   def to_index(ck_settings, pos):
   	"""實際座標轉換爲棋盤下標"""
   	i = round((pos[1] - ck_settings.bd_top) / ck_settings.bd_space)
   	j = round((pos[0] - ck_settings.bd_left) / ck_settings.bd_space)
   	return (i, j)
   

    

5. 新建文件gobang.py，主函數用來初始化程序，並同步更新程序的信息；

   import pygame
   from settings import Settings
   from checkerboard import Checkerboard
   from collections import namedtuple
   import game_functions as gf
   from infopanel import Infopanel
   
   def run_game():
   	"""運行遊戲"""
   	# 初始化遊戲屏幕
   	pygame.init()
   	# 創建時鐘對象 (可以控制遊戲循環頻率)
   	clock = pygame.time.Clock()
   	# 配置實例化
   	ck_settings = Settings()	
   	screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ck_settings.width, ck_settings.height))
   	pygame.display.set_caption('五子棋遊戲')
   	# namedtuple創建類似於元組的數據類型，除了可以用索引訪問，能夠迭代，還能用屬性名訪問數據
   	position = namedtuple('Position', ['x', 'y'])
   	# 創建實例
   	cb = Checkerboard(ck_settings, screen, position)
   	
   	# 實例化面板信息
   	infopanel = Infopanel(ck_settings, screen)
   
   	while ck_settings.game_active:
   		# 繪製棋盤
   		cb.draw_board()
   		# 繪製面板信息
   		infopanel.draw_info(ck_settings.prompt_info)
   		# 檢查玩家事件並更新棋盤
   		gf.check_events(ck_settings, cb, position)
   		# 讓最近繪製的屏幕可見
   		pygame.display.flip()
   
   		# 通過時鐘對象指定循環頻率
   		clock.tick(60) # 每秒循環60次
   
   run_game()

    

6. 在文件gobang.py目錄路徑下，執行命令“python gobang.py”彈出窗口，即可對其操作遊玩。

結語

該遊戲只是實現了基礎功能，還有很多可優化的功能：

1.根據實際情況加上更詳細的面板信息（比如倒計時等）；

2.加上開始遊戲按鈕，可參考前面python實例；

3.勝負榜單等，可參考前面python實例。