public class HashMap<K,V> extends AbstractMap<K,V>
implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 362498820763181265L;
/**
* 默認的大小- 必須是2的次冪
*/
static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4; // aka 16
/**
* 最大的大小值
* 所以HashMap的大小取值是 2 <= 1<<30之間的2的冪
*/
static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
/**
* 默認加載因子 加載因子X容量=哈希Map的數據長度大小
*/
static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8;
static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6;
static final int MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY = 64;
/**
* 基本的哈希節點 哈希桶數組
*/
static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
final int hash;//用來定位數組索引位置
final K key;
V value;
Node<K,V> next;//鏈表的下一個node
Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
this.hash = hash;
this.key = key;
this.value = value;
this.next = next;
}
public final K getKey() { return key; }
public final V getValue() { return value; }
public final String toString() { return key + "=" + value; }
// 哈希函數 是key和value的哈希值按位異或
public final int hashCode() {
return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value);
}
public final V setValue(V newValue) {
V oldValue = value;
value = newValue;
return oldValue;
}
// 覆寫equals函數
public final boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o == this)
return true;
if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
if (Objects.equals(key, e.getKey()) &&
Objects.equals(value, e.getValue()))
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
// 計算鍵值的哈希值
static final int hash(Object key) {
// h = key.hashCode() 爲第一步 取hashCode值
// h ^ (h >>> 16) 爲第二步 高位參與運算
int h;
return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);
}
static Class<?> comparableClassFor(Object x) {
if (x instanceof Comparable) {
Class<?> c; Type[] ts, as; Type t; ParameterizedType p;
if ((c = x.getClass()) == String.class) // bypass checks
return c;
if ((ts = c.getGenericInterfaces()) != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < ts.length; ++i) {
if (((t = ts[i]) instanceof ParameterizedType) &&
((p = (ParameterizedType)t).getRawType() ==
Comparable.class) &&
(as = p.getActualTypeArguments()) != null &&
as.length == 1 && as[0] == c) // type arg is c
return c;
}
}
}
return null;
}
@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"}) // for cast to Comparable
static int compareComparables(Class<?> kc, Object k, Object x) {
return (x == null || x.getClass() != kc ? 0 :
((Comparable)k).compareTo(x));
}
static final int tableSizeFor(int cap) {
int n = cap - 1;
n |= n >>> 1;
n |= n >>> 2;
n |= n >>> 4;
n |= n >>> 8;
n |= n >>> 16;
return (n < 0) ? 1 : (n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : n + 1;
}
//哈希Map的表
transient Node<K,V>[] table;
//保存哈希Map的數據元素
transient Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet;
//哈希Map的數據長度大小
transient int size;
transient int modCount;
// 所能容納的key-value對極限
int threshold;
//哈希Map的加載因子
final float loadFactor;
public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
if (initialCapacity < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
initialCapacity);
if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
loadFactor);
this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity);
}
public HashMap(int initialCapacity) {
this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
}
public HashMap() {
this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; // all other fields defaulted
}
public HashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;
putMapEntries(m, false);
}
final void putMapEntries(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m, boolean evict) {
int s = m.size();
if (s > 0) {
if (table == null) { // pre-size
float ft = ((float)s / loadFactor) + 1.0F;
int t = ((ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ?
(int)ft : MAXIMUM_CAPACITY);
if (t > threshold)
threshold = tableSizeFor(t);
}else if (s > threshold)
resize();//添加的哈希Map的數據長度大於臨界值，重新設置長度大小
for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : m.entrySet()) {
K key = e.getKey();
V value = e.getValue();
putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, evict);
}
}
}
public int size() {
return size;
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return size == 0;
}
//獲取給定Key值的Value
public V get(Object key) {
Node<K,V> e;
return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? null : e.value;
}
// 在哈希表中找到對應Key的Value
final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first, e; int n; K k;
if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
(first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
if (first.hash == hash && // always check first node
((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return first;
if ((e = first.next) != null) {
if (first instanceof TreeNode)
return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return e;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
return null;
}
public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
return getNode(hash(key), key) != null;
}
public V put(K key, V value) {
return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);
}
final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
boolean evict) {
/**
①.判斷鍵值對數組table[i]是否爲空或爲null，否則執行resize()進行擴容；
②.根據鍵值key計算hash值得到插入的數組索引i，如果table[i]==null，直接新建節點添加，轉向⑥，如果table[i]不爲空，轉向③；
③.判斷table[i]的首個元素是否和key一樣，如果相同直接覆蓋value，否則轉向④，這裏的相同指的是hashCode以及equals；
④.判斷table[i] 是否爲treeNode，即table[i] 是否是紅黑樹，如果是紅黑樹，則直接在樹中插入鍵值對，否則轉向⑤；
⑤.遍歷table[i]，判斷鏈表長度是否大於8，大於8的話把鏈表轉換爲紅黑樹，在紅黑樹中執行插入操作，否則進行鏈表的插入操作；遍歷過程中若發現key已經存在直接覆蓋value即可；
⑥.插入成功後，判斷實際存在的鍵值對數量size是否超多了最大容量threshold，如果超過，進行擴容。
*/
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;
// 步驟①：tab爲空則創建
if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
n = (tab = resize()).length;
// 步驟②：計算index，並對null做處理
if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)
tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
else {
Node<K,V> e; K k;
// 步驟③：節點key存在，直接覆蓋value
if (p.hash == hash &&
((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
e = p;
// 步驟④：判斷該鏈爲紅黑樹
else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
// 步驟⑤：該鏈爲鏈表
else {
for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
if ((e = p.next) == null) {
p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
//鏈表長度大於8轉換爲紅黑樹進行處理
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
treeifyBin(tab, hash);
break;
}
// key已經存在直接覆蓋value
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
break;
p = e;
}
}
if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key
V oldValue = e.value;
if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
e.value = value;
afterNodeAccess(e);
return oldValue;
}
}
++modCount;
// 步驟⑥：超過最大容量 就擴容
if (++size > threshold)
resize();
afterNodeInsertion(evict);
return null;
}
final Node<K,V>[] resize() {
Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table;//引用擴容前的Entry數組
int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length;
int oldThr = threshold;
int newCap, newThr = 0;
if (oldCap > 0) {
// 超過最大值就不再擴充了，就只好隨你碰撞去吧
if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
return oldTab;
}
// 沒超過最大值，就擴充爲原來的2倍
else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY &&
oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)
newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold
}
else if (oldThr > 0) // initial capacity was placed in threshold
newCap = oldThr;
else { // zero initial threshold signifies using defaults
newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
}
// 計算新的resize上限
if (newThr == 0) {
float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor;
newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ?
(int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
threshold = newThr;
@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})
Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap];
table = newTab;
if (oldTab != null) {
// 把每個bucket都移動到新的buckets中
for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) {
Node<K,V> e;
if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) {
oldTab[j] = null;
if (e.next == null)
newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e;
else if (e instanceof TreeNode)
((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap);
else { // 鏈表優化重hash的代碼塊
Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;
Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
Node<K,V> next;
do {
next = e.next;
// 原索引
if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) {
if (loTail == null)
loHead = e;
else
loTail.next = e;
loTail = e;
}
// 原索引+oldCap
else {
if (hiTail == null)
hiHead = e;
else
hiTail.next = e;
hiTail = e;
}
} while ((e = next) != null);
// 原索引放到bucket裏
if (loTail != null) {
loTail.next = null;
newTab[j] = loHead;
}
// 原索引+oldCap放到bucket裏
if (hiTail != null) {
hiTail.next = null;
newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead;
}
}
}
}
}
return newTab;
}
...
...
...
}
參考資料
美團點評技術團隊 Java 8系列之重新認識HashMap