sql_loader使用指南

sql_Loader

需要寫控制文件，程序根據控制文件從數據文件中讀數據寫入到數據庫中
條件：
一個數據庫、一個需要裝載的展開文件、一個描述展開文件的控制文件。可以生成壞文件bad（引起錯誤的記錄被寫入）、discard丟失文件（不能選擇標準的記錄被寫入）、log日誌文件
direct=true直接裝入
裝載方式：
        INSERT：指定要裝載一個空表
        APPEND：添加方式
        REPLACE：替代方式，如果數據存在，則刪除
        TRUNCATE：先清空表
常規導入先生成常規的SQL語句，再執行該語句，使用數組接口。
直接路局導入：先形成數據塊，直接寫入塊，速度非常快，但受到許多約束

[目錄]

導入csv文件到數據庫

1.庫結構
SQL> desc testLoad
Name                                      Null?    Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
F1                                        NOT NULL NUMBER
F2                                                 VARCHAR2(30)
F3                                                 DATE

2.控制文件testLoad.ctl

LOAD DATA
        INFILE 'testLoad.csv'
        BADFILE 'testLoad'                -- 無法插入的記錄被放入該文件中
        APPEND
        INTO TABLE testLoad
        TRAILING NULLCOLS
        (
                F1        INTEGER EXTERNAL TERMINATED BY ",",
                F2        CHAR TERMINATED BY ",",
                F3        DATE "RRRR-MM-DD" TERMINATED BY ","
        )

3.數據庫文件testLoad.csv
1,one row,1901-01-01
2,two row,1902-01-01
3,three row,1903-01-01
4,four row,1904-01-01
5,five row,1905-01-01
6,six row,1906-01-01
7,serven row,1907-01-01
8,eight row,1908-01-01
9,nine row,1909-01-01
10,ten row

導入固定格式的文件
1.庫結構
SQL> desc testLoad
Name                                      Null?    Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
F1                                        NOT NULL NUMBER
F2                                                 VARCHAR2(30)
F3                                                 DATE

2.控制文件testLoad.ctl

LOAD DATA
        INFILE 'testLoad.csv'
        BADFILE 'testLoad'                -- 無法插入的記錄被放入該文件中
        APPEND
        INTO TABLE testLoad
        TRAILING NULLCOLS
        (
                F1        POSITION(1:0) INTEGER EXTERNAL,
                F2        POSITION(2:12) CHAR "upper(:f2)",        -- 可以使用oracle的函數，但不能使用僞列
                F3        POSITION(13:22) DATE "RRRR-MM-DD"
        )

3.數據庫文件testLoad
1one row    1901-01-01
2two row    1902-01-01
3three row 1903-01-01
4four row   1904-01-01
5five row   1905-01-01
6six row    1906-01-01
7serven row 1907-01-01
8eight row 1908-01-01
9nine row   1909-01-01

導入大量文本

1.庫結構
SQL> desc testLoad
Name                                      Null?    Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
F1                                        NOT NULL NUMBER
F2                                                 VARCHAR2(30)
F3                                                 DATE
F4                                                   CLOB

2.控制文件testLoad.ctl

3.數據庫文件testLoad.csv
1,one row,1901-01-01,note1.txt
2,two row,1902-01-01,note2.txt
3,three row,1903-01-01,note3.txt
4,four row,1904-01-01,note4.txt
5,five row,1905-01-01,note5.txt
6,six row,1906-01-01,note6.txt
7,serven row,1907-01-01,note7.txt
8,eight row,1908-01-01,note8.txt
9,nine row,1909-01-01,note9.txt

執行語句：

sqlldr userid=zhuanxian/zx control=input1.ctl

***** 指定不裝載那一列
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
( DEPTNO,
FILLER_1 FILLER, // 下面的 "Something Not To Be Loaded" 將不會被裝載
DNAME,
LOC
)
BEGINDATA
20,Something Not To Be Loaded,Accounting,"Virginia,USA"

sql load的一點小總結

以下是本人對sql load 的一些運用總結不足之處還多包涵

sqlldr userid=lgone/tiger control=a.ctl
LOAD DATA
INFILE 't.dat' // 要導入的文件
// INFILE 'tt.date' // 導入多個文件
// INFILE * // 要導入的內容就在control文件裏下面的BEGINDATA後面就是導入的內容

INTO TABLE table_name // 指定裝入的表
BADFILE 'c:bad.txt' // 指定壞文件地址

************* 以下是4種裝入表的方式
APPEND // 原先的表有數據就加在後面
// INSERT // 裝載空表如果原先的表有數據 sqlloader會停止默認值
// REPLACE // 原先的表有數據原先的數據會全部刪除
// TRUNCATE // 指定的內容和replace的相同會用truncate語句刪除現存數據

************* 指定的TERMINATED可以在表的開頭也可在表的內部字段部分
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
// 裝載這種數據: 10,lg,"""lg""","lg,lg"
// 在表中結果: 10 lg "lg" lg,lg
// TERMINATED BY X '09' // 以十六進制格式 '09' 表示的
// TERMINATED BY WRITESPACE // 裝載這種數據: 10 lg lg

TRAILING NULLCOLS ************* 表的字段沒有對應的值時允許爲空

************* 下面是表的字段
(
col_1 , col_2 ,col_filler FILLER // FILLER 關鍵字此列的數值不會被裝載
// 如: lg,lg,not 結果 lg lg
)
// 當沒聲明FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 時
// (
// col_1 [interger external] TERMINATED BY ',' ,
// col_2 [date "dd-mon-yyy"] TERMINATED BY ',' ,
// col_3 [char] TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY 'lg'
// )
// 當沒聲明FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','用位置告訴字段裝載數據
// (
// col_1 position(1:2),
// col_2 position(3:10),
// col_3 position(*:16), // 這個字段的開始位置在前一字段的結束位置
// col_4 position(1:16),
// col_5 position(3:10) char(8) // 指定字段的類型
// )

BEGINDATA // 對應開始的 INFILE * 要導入的內容就在control文件裏
10,Sql,what
20,lg,show

=====================================================================================
//////////// 注意begindata後的數值前面不能有空格

1 ***** 普通裝載
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
(DEPTNO,
DNAME,
LOC
)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,"""USA"""
20,Accounting,"Virginia,USA"
30,Consulting,Virginia
40,Finance,Virginia
50,"Finance","",Virginia // loc 列將爲空
60,"Finance",,Virginia // loc 列將爲空

2 ***** FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE 和 FIELDS TERMINATED BY x'09' 的情況
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE
-- FIELDS TERMINATED BY x'09'
(DEPTNO,
DNAME,
LOC
)
BEGINDATA
10 Sales Virginia

3 ***** 指定不裝載那一列
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
( DEPTNO,
FILLER_1 FILLER, // 下面的 "Something Not To Be Loaded" 將不會被裝載
DNAME,
LOC
)
BEGINDATA
20,Something Not To Be Loaded,Accounting,"Virginia,USA"

4 ***** position的列子
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
( DEPTNO position(1:2),
DNAME position(*:16), // 這個字段的開始位置在前一字段的結束位置
LOC position(*:29),
ENTIRE_LINE position(1:29)
)
BEGINDATA
10Accounting Virginia,USA

5 ***** 使用函數日期的一種表達 TRAILING NULLCOLS的使用
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS // 其實下面的ENTIRE_LINE在BEGINDATA後面的數據中是沒有直接對應
// 的列的值的如果第一行改爲 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000,, 就不用TRAILING NULLCOLS了
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)", // 使用函數
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy', // 日期的一種表達方式還有'dd-mon-yyyy' 等
ENTIRE_LINE ":deptno||:dname||:loc||:last_updated"
)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000
20,Accounting,Virginia,21/6/1999
30,Consulting,Virginia,5/1/2000
40,Finance,Virginia,15/3/2001

6 ***** 使用自定義的函數 // 解決的時間問題
create or replace
function my_to_date( p_string in varchar2 ) return date
as
type fmtArray is table of varchar2(25);

l_fmts fmtArray := fmtArray( 'dd-mon-yyyy', 'dd-month-yyyy',
'dd/mm/yyyy',
'dd/mm/yyyy hh24:mi:ss' );
l_return date;
begin
for i in 1 .. l_fmts.count
loop
begin
l_return := to_date( p_string, l_fmts(i) );
exception
when others then null;
end;
EXIT when l_return is not null;
end loop;

if ( l_return is null )
then
l_return :=
new_time( to_date('01011970','ddmmyyyy') + 1/24/60/60 *
p_string, 'GMT', 'EST' );
end if;

return l_return;
end;
/

LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )" // 使用自定義的函數
)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02
40,Finance,Virginia,987268297
50,Finance,Virginia,02-apr-2001
60,Finance,Virginia,Not a date

7 ***** 合併多行記錄爲一行記錄
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
concatenate 3 // 通過關鍵字concatenate 把幾行的記錄看成一行記錄
INTO TABLE DEPT
replace
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy'
)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales, // 其實這3行看成一行 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000
Virginia,
1/5/2000
// 這列子用 continueif list="," 也可以
告訴sqlldr在每行的末尾找逗號找到逗號就把下一行附加到上一行

LOAD DATA
INFILE *
continueif this(1:1) = '-' // 找每行的開始是否有連接字符 - 有就把下一行連接爲一行
// 如 -10,Sales,Virginia,
// 1/5/2000 就是一行 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000
// 其中1:1 表示從第一行開始並在第一行結束還有continueif next 但continueif list最理想
INTO TABLE DEPT
replace
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy'
)
BEGINDATA // 但是好象不能象右面的那樣使用
-10,Sales,Virginia, -10,Sales,Virginia,
1/5/2000 1/5/2000
-40, 40,Finance,Virginia,13/04/2001
Finance,Virginia,13/04/2001

8 ***** 載入每行的行號

load data
infile *
into table t
replace
( seqno RECNUM //載入每行的行號
text Position(1:1024))
BEGINDATA
fsdfasj //自動分配一行號給載入表t 的seqno字段此行爲 1
fasdjfasdfl // 此行爲 2 ...

9 ***** 載入有換行符的數據
注意: unix 和 windows 不同 & /n
< 1 > 使用一個非換行符的字符
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",
COMMENTS "replace(:comments,'n',chr(10))" // replace 的使用幫助轉換換行符
)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the SalesnOffice in Virginia
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the AccountingnOffice in Virginia
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the ConsultingnOffice in Virginia
40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the FinancenOffice in Virginia

< 2 > 使用fix屬性
LOAD DATA
INFILE demo17.dat "fix 101"
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",
COMMENTS
)
demo17.dat
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales
Office in Virginia
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting
Office in Virginia
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting
Office in Virginia
40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance
Office in Virginia

// 這樣裝載會把換行符裝入數據庫下面的方法就不會但要求數據的格式不同

LOAD DATA
INFILE demo18.dat "fix 101"
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",
COMMENTS
)
demo18.dat
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,"This is the Sales
Office in Virginia"
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,"This is the Accounting
Office in Virginia"
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,"This is the Consulting
Office in Virginia"
40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,"This is the Finance
Office in Virginia"

< 3 > 使用var屬性
LOAD DATA
INFILE demo19.dat "var 3"
// 3 告訴每個記錄的前3個字節表示記錄的長度如第一個記錄的 071 表示此記錄有 71 個字節
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",
COMMENTS
)
demo19.dat
07110,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales
Office in Virginia
07820,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting
Office in Virginia
08730,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting
Office in Virginia
07140,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance
Office in Virginia

< 4 > 使用str屬性
// 最靈活的一中可定義一個新的行結尾符 win 回車換行 : chr(13)||chr(10)

此列中記錄是以 a|rn 結束的
select utl_raw.cast_to_raw('|'||chr(13)||chr(10)) from dual;
結果 7C0D0A

LOAD DATA
INFILE demo20.dat "str X'7C0D0A'"
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",
COMMENTS
)
demo20.dat
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales
Office in Virginia|
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting
Office in Virginia|
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting
Office in Virginia|
40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance
Office in Virginia|

==============================================================================
象這樣的數據用 nullif 子句

10-jan-200002350Flipper seemed unusually hungry today.
10510-jan-200009945Spread over three meals.

id position(1:3) nullif id=blanks // 這裏可以是blanks 或者別的表達式
// 下面是另一個列子第一行的 1 在數據庫中將成爲 null
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE T
REPLACE
(n position(1:2) integer external nullif n='1',
v position(3:8)
)
BEGINDATA
1 10
20lg
------------------------------------------------------------

如果是英文的日誌格式，可能需要修改環境變量 nls_lang or nls_date_format

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