python之小腳本大威力(一)--文件備份

國慶在家沒事的時候，拿起一本python語法，花了幾個小時簡單學習了下語法知識。就想着用python寫點使用的東西。正好最近寫了幾篇文章，用到了很多素材什麼的，這些文件十分的重要，所以需要備份。想到了用C++來寫，又費勁不討好。正好python用上了，github上走一走。

廢話不說上代碼：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import hashlib
import os
import shutil


success_copy = []
failed_copy = []


def md5check(filename):
    m = hashlib.md5()
    # 以二進制的方式打開文件
    with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
        while True:
            # 只讀取前面4字節
            data = f.read(4096)
            if not data:
                break
            m.update(data)
    return m.hexdigest()


def copy(path):
    new_path = path
    new_path = new_path.replace(old_source, new_source)
    # print(new_path)
    # 如果是個文件類型，則需要比較md5值
    if os.path.isfile(new_path):
        old_md5 = md5check(path)
        new_md5 = md5check(new_path)
        # md5一致則說明文件沒有變化，不需要copy
        if old_md5 != new_md5:
            try:
                shutil.copy(path, new_path)
                success_copy.append(path)
            except:
                failed_copy.append(path)
    # 如果是文件夾，則需要創建文件夾
    else:
        dirname = os.path.dirname(new_path)
        if os.path.exists(dirname):
            shutil.copy(path, new_path)
            success_copy.append(path)
        else:  # 目錄不存在，則直接創建目錄並複製文件
            try:
                os.makedirs(dirname)
                shutil.copy(path, new_path)
            except WindowsError:
                failed_copy.append("create dir failed:" + path)


# 查找所有目錄文件的遞歸函數
def lsdir(folders):
    path = os.listdir(folders)
    for line in path:
        line = folders + '/' + line
        if os.path.isdir(line):
            lsdir(line)
        else:
            copy(line)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    print("start back up file...")
    global old_source
    global new_source
    # 需要備份的目錄，備份到新目錄
old_source = "G:/code/code_git/xd"
# 備份到新目錄
    new_source = "F:/13_bak"
    lsdir(old_source)

    count = 1
    if len(success_copy) != 0:
        for item in success_copy:
            # print(count + ":" + item)
            print("{0} {1}".format(count, item))
            count += 1
    else:
        print("back file empty.")

    print("---------------------------------------------")

    count = 1
    if len(failed_copy) != 0:
        for item in failed_copy:
            print("{0} {1}".format(count, item))
            count += 1
    else:
        print("back file error empty.")
    print("---------------------------------------------")

    print("back up file finished...")

寫着寫着，新需求又來了。不能讓我每次手動去執行這個腳本吧，但是要是寫個死循環一直跑着，那多浪費資源，最好是能夠定時那種的。這種事情在linux使用crontab那就是分分鐘搞定，但是在windows還真有點麻煩。在windows上其實也有這種功能就是計劃任務，需要用戶手動的設置比較繁瑣還不容易搞定，有一些參數需要設定。轉念一想，咱是程序員，不能這麼low，能代碼搞定的事絕對不動手click，更重要的是寫完了下次說不定哪裏又能複用上了。

因爲創建計劃任務的代碼比較多，這裏我就貼出主要的代碼

/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 2019 [email protected]
** All rights reserved.
**
****************************************************************************/

#ifndef win7taskscheduler_h
#define win7taskscheduler_h

#include <vector>
#include <utility>
#include <string>

#include <assert.h>

#include <comdef.h>
#include <taskschd.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "taskschd.lib")

using std::pair;
using std::vector;
using std::wstring;
using std::to_wstring;

namespace XIBAO {

class Win7TaskScheduler{
public:
    Win7TaskScheduler() {}
    ~Win7TaskScheduler() {}

private:
class ITaskServiceHelper
{
public:
    ITaskServiceHelper()        {   p = NULL;   }
    ~ITaskServiceHelper()       {   if ( p ) p->Release();  }

    ITaskService * p;
};

class ITaskFolderHelper
{
public:
    ITaskFolderHelper()         {   p = NULL;   }
    ~ITaskFolderHelper()        {   if ( p ) p->Release();  }

    ITaskFolder * p;
};

class ITaskDefinitionHelper
{
public:
    ITaskDefinitionHelper()     {   p = NULL;   }
    ~ITaskDefinitionHelper()    {   if ( p ) p->Release();  }

    ITaskDefinition * p;
};

class IRegistrationInfoHelper
{
public:
    IRegistrationInfoHelper()   {   p = NULL;   }
    ~IRegistrationInfoHelper()  {   if ( p ) p->Release();  }

    IRegistrationInfo * p;
};

class IPrincipalHelper
{
public:
    IPrincipalHelper()          {   p = NULL;   }
    ~IPrincipalHelper()         {   if ( p ) p->Release();  }

    IPrincipal * p;
};

class ITaskSettingsHelper
{
public:
    ITaskSettingsHelper()       {   p = NULL;   }
    ~ITaskSettingsHelper()      {   if ( p ) p->Release();  }

    ITaskSettings * p;
};

class ITriggerCollectionHelper
{
public:
    ITriggerCollectionHelper()  {   p = NULL;   }
    ~ITriggerCollectionHelper() {   if ( p ) p->Release();  }

    ITriggerCollection * p;
};

class ITriggerHelper
{
public:
    ITriggerHelper()            {   p = NULL;   }
    ~ITriggerHelper()           {   if ( p ) p->Release();  }

    ITrigger * p;
};

class IDailyTriggerHelper
{
public:
    IDailyTriggerHelper()           {   p = NULL;   }
    ~IDailyTriggerHelper()          {   if ( p ) p->Release();  }

    IDailyTrigger * p;
};

class IRegistrationTriggerHelper
{
public:
    IRegistrationTriggerHelper(){   p = NULL;   }
    ~IRegistrationTriggerHelper(){  if ( p ) p->Release();  }

    IRegistrationTrigger * p;
};

class IActionCollectionHelper
{
public:
    IActionCollectionHelper()   {   p = NULL;   }
    ~IActionCollectionHelper()  {   if ( p ) p->Release();  }

    IActionCollection * p;
};

class IActionHelper
{
public:
    IActionHelper()             {   p = NULL;   }
    ~IActionHelper()            {   if ( p ) p->Release();  }

    IAction * p;
};

class IExecActionHelper
{
public:
    IExecActionHelper()         {   p = NULL;   }
    ~IExecActionHelper()        {   if ( p ) p->Release();  }

    IExecAction * p;
};

class IRegisteredTaskHelper
{
public:
    IRegisteredTaskHelper()     {   p = NULL;   }
    ~IRegisteredTaskHelper()    {   if ( p ) p->Release();  }

    IRegisteredTask * p;
};

#define DO( action )        \
    if( FAILED( action ) )  \
{                       \
    assert( FALSE );    \
    return FALSE;       \
}

public:
static bool Create2MoreWin7(const wstring &appPath,
                            const wstring &taskName,
                            const wstring &taskDescription,
                            const wstring &appWorkDir,
                            const wstring &parameter,
                            const vector<pair<int, int>> &vecTime)
{
    CoInitialize(NULL);

    HRESULT hr = 0;
    ITaskServiceHelper iService;

    hr = CoCreateInstance( CLSID_TaskScheduler,
                           NULL,
                           CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
                           IID_ITaskService,
                           (void**)&iService.p);
    
    //  Connect to the task service.
    DO( iService.p->Connect( _variant_t(), _variant_t(), _variant_t(), _variant_t()) )

    //  Get the pointer to the root task folder.  This folder will hold the
    //  new task that is registered.
    ITaskFolderHelper iRootFolder;
    DO( iService.p->GetFolder( _bstr_t( L"\\") , &iRootFolder.p ) )
    
    ITaskFolderHelper iNewFolder;
    IRegisteredTaskHelper iRegisteredTask;
    ITaskDefinitionHelper iTask;
    BOOL bTmp = FALSE;
    /*
    if(! appWorkDir.empty()){
        hr = iRootFolder.p->GetFolder(_bstr_t(appWorkDir.c_str()),&iNewFolder.p);
        if(hr  != S_OK){
            hr = iRootFolder.p->CreateFolder(_bstr_t(appWorkDir.c_str()),
                _variant_t(), &iNewFolder.p); //使用默認的安全描述符
            if(FAILED(hr))
            {
                return FALSE;
            }
        }
        hr = iNewFolder.p->GetTask(_bstr_t(taskName.c_str()),&iRegisteredTask.p);
        if(hr != S_OK) {
            return FALSE;
        }
    }
    else{
        hr = iRootFolder.p->GetTask(_bstr_t(taskName.c_str()),&iRegisteredTask.p);
    }
    */

    DO( iService.p->NewTask( 0, &iTask.p ) )
    // DO( iService->NewTask( 0, &iTask.p ) )

    IRegistrationInfoHelper info;
    DO(iTask.p->get_RegistrationInfo(&(info.p)))
    if (nullptr != info.p) { 
        (info.p)->put_Description(_bstr_t(taskDescription.c_str())); 
    }

    IActionCollectionHelper iActionCollection;
    DO( iTask.p->get_Actions( &iActionCollection.p ) )

    IActionHelper iAction;
    DO( iActionCollection.p->Create( TASK_ACTION_EXEC, &iAction.p ) )

    IExecActionHelper iExecAction;
    //  QI for the executable task pointer.
    DO( iAction.p->QueryInterface( 
        IID_IExecAction, (void**) &iExecAction.p ) )

        //  Set the path of the executable to notepad.exe.
    DO( iExecAction.p->put_Path( _bstr_t( appPath.c_str() ) ) )

    if(! parameter.empty())
    {
        DO( iExecAction.p->put_Arguments(_bstr_t(parameter.c_str())))
    }

    if(! appWorkDir.empty())
    {
        DO( iExecAction.p->put_WorkingDirectory(_bstr_t(appWorkDir.c_str())))
    }

    ITriggerCollectionHelper iTriggerCollection;
    DO( iTask.p->get_Triggers( &iTriggerCollection.p ) )

    ITaskSettingsHelper iTaskSettings; 
    DO( iTask.p->get_Settings(&iTaskSettings.p) )

    iTaskSettings.p->put_DisallowStartIfOnBatteries(VARIANT_BOOL(FALSE));
    iTaskSettings.p->put_StopIfGoingOnBatteries(VARIANT_BOOL(FALSE));

    {
        for (int i = 0; i < vecTime.size(); ++i) {
            ITriggerHelper iTrigger;
            DO( iTriggerCollection.p->Create( TASK_TRIGGER_DAILY,
                                                &iTrigger.p ) )

            IDailyTrigger *dailyTriger = nullptr;
            iTrigger.p->QueryInterface(IID_IDailyTrigger, 
                                        (void **)&dailyTriger); 
            if (nullptr != dailyTriger) {
                wstring triggerid = taskName + L"_" + to_wstring(i);
                dailyTriger->put_Id(_bstr_t(triggerid.c_str()));
                dailyTriger->put_DaysInterval(1);
                wstring strstarttime = L"2019-01-01T" + to_wstring(vecTime[i].first) + L":" + to_wstring(vecTime[i].second) + L":00";
                dailyTriger->put_StartBoundary(_bstr_t(strstarttime.c_str()));
                dailyTriger->put_EndBoundary(_bstr_t(L"2099-12-31T00:00:00"));
                dailyTriger->put_Enabled(true);
            }
        }
    }

    IPrincipalHelper iPrincipal;
    DO( iTask.p->get_Principal( &iPrincipal.p ) )
    DO(iPrincipal.p->put_RunLevel(TASK_RUNLEVEL_LUA))
    hr = iRootFolder.p->RegisterTaskDefinition(
                                                _bstr_t(taskName.c_str()),
                                                iTask.p,
                                                TASK_CREATE_OR_UPDATE, 
                                                _variant_t(), 
                                                _variant_t(), 
                                                TASK_LOGON_INTERACTIVE_TOKEN,
                                                _variant_t(L""),
                                                &iRegisteredTask.p);

    return true;
}

static bool Delete2MoreWin7(const wstring &taskName)
{
    ITaskServiceHelper iService;
    HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance( CLSID_TaskScheduler,
                           NULL,
                           CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
                           IID_ITaskService,
                           (void**)&iService.p );
        
    DO( iService.p->Connect(_variant_t(), 
                            _variant_t(), 
                            _variant_t(), 
                            _variant_t()))

    ITaskFolderHelper iRootFolder;
    DO( iService.p->GetFolder( _bstr_t( L"\\") , &iRootFolder.p ) )
    
    IRegisteredTaskHelper iRegisteredTask;
    ITaskDefinitionHelper iTask;

    hr = iRootFolder.p->GetTask(_bstr_t(taskName.c_str()),&iRegisteredTask.p);
    hr = iRootFolder.p->DeleteTask(_bstr_t(taskName.c_str()),0);

    return true;
}

};

};
#endif // win7taskscheduler_h

最後看計劃任務有沒有創建成功，win+R打開運行框，輸入taskschd.msc，在彈出的面板，可以看到你說創建的計劃任務名稱。

計劃任務如果創建，嘗試着以管理員身份運行並暫時關閉殺軟。

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