解決方式：
alter session set "_ORACLE_SCRIPT"=true;
alter session set container=PDBORCL;原因：
查官方文檔得知“試圖創建一個通用用戶，必需要用C##或者c##開頭”，這時候心裏會有疑問，什麼是common user？不管先建成功了再說
create C##user test identifed by test;
創建成功
CDB和PDB是ORACLE 12C一個很亮的新特性,由於他們的引入導致傳統的ORACLE數據庫管理理念不少發生了改變,這裏列舉了部分最基本的cdb和pdb管理方式
cdb和pdb關係圖
ORACLE 12C版本
SQL>
select
* from
v$version;BANNER
CON_ID--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------Oracle
Database
12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production 0PL/SQL
Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0CORE
12.1.0.1.0 Production 0TNS
for
Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0NLSRTL
Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0 |
啓動關閉pdb
SQL>
startupORACLE
instance started.Total
System Global
Area 597098496 bytesFixed
Size
2291072 bytesVariable
Size
272632448 bytesDatabase
Buffers 314572800 bytesRedo
Buffers 7602176 bytesDatabase
mounted.Database
opened.SQL>
select
con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE
from
v$pdbs; CON_ID
DBID NAME
OPEN_MODE----------
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 2
4048821679 PDB$SEED READ
ONLY 3
3313918585 PDB1 MOUNTED 4
3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTEDSQL>
alter
PLUGGABLE database
pdb1 open;Pluggable
database
altered.SQL>
select
con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE
from
v$pdbs; CON_ID
DBID NAME
OPEN_MODE----------
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 2
4048821679 PDB$SEED READ
ONLY 3
3313918585 PDB1 READ
WRITE 4
3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTEDSQL>
alter
PLUGGABLE database
pdb1 close;Pluggable
database
altered.SQL>
select
con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE
from
v$pdbs; CON_ID
DBID NAME
OPEN_MODE----------
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 2
4048821679 PDB$SEED READ
ONLY 3
3313918585 PDB1 MOUNTED 4
3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTEDSQL>
alter
PLUGGABLE database
all
open;Pluggable
database
altered.SQL>
select
con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE
from
v$pdbs; CON_ID
DBID NAME
OPEN_MODE----------
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 2
4048821679 PDB$SEED READ
ONLY 3
3313918585 PDB1 READ
WRITE 4
3872456618 PDB2 READ
WRITESQL>
alter
PLUGGABLE database
all
close;Pluggable
database
altered.SQL>
select
con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE
from
v$pdbs; CON_ID
DBID NAME
OPEN_MODE----------
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 2
4048821679 PDB$SEED READ
ONLY 3
3313918585 PDB1 MOUNTED 4
3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTEDSQL>
alter
session set
container=pdb1;Session
altered.SQL>
startupPluggable
Database
opened.SQL>
select
con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE
from
v$pdbs; CON_ID
DBID NAME
OPEN_MODE----------
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 3
3313918585 PDB1 READ
WRITE |
pdb的管理可以在cdb中進行也可以在pdb中進行,如果是cdb中進行,需要PLUGGABLE關鍵字,如果是pdb中直接和普通數據庫一樣
登錄pdb
[oracle@xifenfei
~]$ lsnrctl statusLSNRCTL
for
Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on
12-MAY-2013 08:07:02Copyright
(c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All
rights reserved.Connecting
to
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521)))STATUS
of
the LISTENER------------------------Alias
LISTENERVersion
TNSLSNR for
Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - ProductionStart
Date
11-MAY-2013 18:30:54Uptime
0 days 13 hr. 36 min.
8 secTrace
Level
offSecurity
ON:
Local
OS AuthenticationSNMP
OFFListener
Parameter File /u01/app/grid/product/12.1/network/admin/listener.oraListener
Log File /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/xifenfei/listener/alert/log.xmlListening
Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/oracle/12.1/db_1/admin/cdb/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))Services
Summary...Service
"+ASM"
has 1 instance(s). Instance
"+ASM",
status READY, has 1 handler(s) for
this service...Service
"cdb"
has 1 instance(s). Instance
"cdb",
status READY, has 1 handler(s) for
this service...Service
"cdbXDB"
has 1 instance(s). Instance
"cdb",
status READY, has 1 handler(s) for
this service...Service
"pdb1"
has 1 instance(s). Instance
"cdb",
status READY, has 1 handler(s) for
this service...Service
"pdb2"
has 1 instance(s). Instance
"cdb",
status READY, has 1 handler(s) for
this service...The
command completed successfully[oracle@xifenfei
~]$ tnsping pdb1TNS
Ping Utility for
Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on
12-MAY-2013 08:07:09Copyright
(c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All
rights reserved.Used
parameter files:Used
TNSNAMES adapter to
resolve the aliasAttempting
to
contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xifenfei)(PORT
= 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = pdb1)))OK
(20 msec)[oracle@xifenfei
~]$ sqlplus sys/xifenfei@pdb1 as
sysdbaSQL*Plus:
Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on
Sun May 12 08:08:02 2013Copyright
(c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All
rights reserved.Connected
to:Oracle
Database
12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith
the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analyticsand
Real
Application Testing optionsSQL>
show con_name;CON_NAME------------------------------PDB1[oracle@xifenfei
~]$ sqlplus / as
sysdbaSQL*Plus:
Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on
Sun May 12 08:09:14 2013Copyright
(c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All
rights reserved.Connected
to:Oracle
Database
12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith
the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analyticsand
Real
Application Testing optionsSQL>
alter
session set
container=pdb1;Session
altered.SQL>
show con_name;CON_NAME------------------------------PDB1 |
pdb可以通過alter session container進入也可以直接通過tns方式登錄
創建用戶
SQL>
show con_name;CON_NAME------------------------------CDB$ROOTSQL>
select
con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE
from
v$pdbs; CON_ID
DBID NAME
OPEN_MODE----------
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 2
4048821679 PDB$SEED READ
ONLY 3
3313918585 PDB1 READ
WRITE 4
3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTEDSQL>
create
user
xff identified by
xifenfei;create
user
xff identified by
xifenfei *ERROR
at
line 1:ORA-65096:
invalid common user
or
role nameSQL>
!oerr ora 6509665096,
00000, "invalid
common user or role name"//
*Cause: An attempt was made to
create
a common user
or
role with
a name//
that wass not
valid for
common users or
roles. In
addition to//
the usual rules for
user
and
role names, common user
and
role //
names must start with
C## or
c## and
consist only
of
ASCII //
characters.//
*Action:
Specify a valid common user
or
role name.//SQL>
create
user
c##xff identified by
xifenfei;User
created.SQL>
SELECT
USERNAME,CON_ID,USER_ID FROM
CDB_USERS WHERE
USERNAME='C##XFF';USERNAME
CON_ID USER_ID----------
---------- ----------C##XFF
1 103C##XFF
3 104SQL>
alter
session set
container=pdb1;Session
altered.SQL>
show con_nameCON_NAME------------------------------PDB1SQL>
create
user
xff identified by
xifenfei;User
created.SQL>
create
user
c##abc identified by
xifenfei;create
user
c##abc identified by
xifenfei *ERROR
at
line 1:ORA-65094:
invalid local
user
or
role name |
創建用戶默認的是container=all,在cdb中只能創建全局用戶(c##開頭),會在cdb和所有的pdb中創建該用戶(但是pdb中的全局用戶需要另外授權才能夠在pdb中訪問)。在pdb中只能創建的用戶爲本地用戶
用戶授權
SQL>
grant
connect
to
c##xff;Grant
succeeded.SQL>
select
GRANTEE,con_id from
cdb_ROLE_PRIVS where
GRANTED_ROLE='CONNECT'
AND
GRANTEE='C##XFF';GRANTEE
CON_ID------------------------------
----------C##XFF
1SQL>
grant
resource to
c##xff container=all;Grant
succeeded.SQL>
select
GRANTEE,con_id from
cdb_ROLE_PRIVS where
GRANTED_ROLE='RESOURCE'
AND
GRANTEE='C##XFF';GRANTEE
CON_ID------------------------------
----------C##XFF
1C##XFF
3 |
用戶授權默認情況下是隻會給當前container,在cdb中也可以指定container=all,對所有open的pdb且存在該用戶都進行授權
修改參數
SQL>
alter
system set
open_cursors=500 container=all;System
altered.SQL>
conn sys/xifenfei@pdb1 as
sysdbaConnected.SQL>
show parameter open_cursors;NAME
TYPE VALUE------------------------------------
----------- ------------------------------open_cursors
integer
500SQL>
alter
system set
open_cursors=100; alter
system set
open_cursors=100*ERROR
at
line 1:ORA-01219:
database
or
pluggable database
not
open:
queries allowed on
fixedtables
or
views onlySQL>
alter
database
open;Database
altered.SQL>
alter
system set
open_cursors=100;System
altered.SQL>
show parameter open_cursors;NAME
TYPE VALUE------------------------------------
----------- ------------------------------open_cursors
integer
100SQL>
conn / as
sysdbaConnected.SQL>
show parameter open_cursors;NAME
TYPE VALUE------------------------------------
----------- ------------------------------open_cursors
integer
500 |
這裏可以看到在cdb中修改,pdb會繼承進去;如果在pdb中修改會覆蓋pdb從cdb中繼承的參數含義