C++怎麼樣使用range-based for

range-based for 是C++增加的一個重要特性，大大地加快寫循環代碼的能力，特別是智能指針，模板等對象的引用。

因此，在所有項目工程裏，儘量使用這種方式，不要再使用舊的方式了，具體使用的方式，可以參考下面的代碼：

// range-based-for.cpp
// compile by using: cl /EHsc /nologo /W4
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    // Basic 10-element integer array.
    int x[10] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };

    // Range-based for loop to iterate through the array.
    for( int y : x ) { // Access by value using a copy declared as a specific type.
                       // Not preferred.
        cout << y << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;

    // The auto keyword causes type inference to be used. Preferred.

    for( auto y : x ) { // Copy of 'x', almost always undesirable
        cout << y << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;

    for( auto &y : x ) { // Type inference by reference.
        // Observes and/or modifies in-place. Preferred when modify is needed.
        cout << y << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;

    for( const auto &y : x ) { // Type inference by const reference.
        // Observes in-place. Preferred when no modify is needed.
        cout << y << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << "end of integer array test" << endl;
    cout << endl;

    // Create a vector object that contains 10 elements.
    vector<double> v;
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
        v.push_back(i + 0.14159);
    }

    // Range-based for loop to iterate through the vector, observing in-place.
    for( const auto &j : v ) {
        cout << j << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << "end of vector test" << endl;
}

輸出結果如下：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 end of integer array test 0.14159 1.14159 2.14159 3.14159 4.14159 5.14159 6.14159 7.14159 8.14159 9.14159 end of vector test

這樣的特性是否更加容易維護？