Oracle巡檢內容
1. Oracle進程檢查
Ps –ef |grep ora
2. CRS進程檢查
$ps –df |grep d.bin
應有:crsd.bin ocssd.bin evmd.bin
crsctl check crs
crs_stat –t
crs_stat –ls
asm進程檢查:
ps –ef|grep asm
ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
select group_number,name,state,total_mb,free_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;
select * from v$asm_disk;
檢查數據庫狀態:
srvctl status database –d dbname
3. Oracle數據庫實例狀態檢查
SELECT inst_id, instance_name, host_name, VERSION, TO_CHAR (startup_time, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') startup_time, status, archiver, database_status FROM gv$instance;
4. Oracle數據庫打開狀態檢查
SELECT inst_id, dbid, NAME, TO_CHAR (created, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') created, log_mode, TO_CHAR (version_time, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') version_time,open_mode
FROM gv$database;
5. 數據庫表空間使用情況檢查;
5.1 表空間的空間使用情況
SELECT df.tablespace_name, COUNT (*) datafile_count,
ROUND (SUM (df.BYTES) / 1048576) size_mb,
ROUND (SUM (free.BYTES) / 1048576, 2) free_mb,
ROUND (SUM (df.BYTES) / 1048576 - SUM (free.BYTES) / 1048576, 2 ) used_mb,
ROUND (MAX (free.maxbytes) / 1048576, 2) maxfree,
100 - ROUND (100.0 * SUM (free.BYTES) / SUM (df.BYTES), 2) pct_used,
ROUND (100.0 * SUM (free.BYTES) / SUM (df.BYTES), 2) pct_free
FROM dba_data_files df,
(SELECT tablespace_name, file_id, SUM (BYTES) BYTES, MAX (BYTES) maxbytes FROM dba_free_space GROUP BY tablespace_name, file_id) free
WHERE df.tablespace_name = free.tablespace_name(+) AND df.file_id = free.file_id(+)
GROUP BY df.tablespace_name ORDER BY 8;
5.2 表空間可用性檢查
select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;
5.3 臨時表空間使用情況和性能檢查
SELECT tablespace_name, extent_management, block_size, initial_extent, next_extent, min_extents, max_extents, pct_increase FROM dba_tablespaces WHERE CONTENTS = 'TEMPORARY';
SELECT username, default_tablespace, temporary_tablespace FROM dba_users;
期望結果:根據現場實際情況,應用用戶的缺省表空間不能爲system,臨時表空間必須爲temp。
5.4 回滾表空間使用情況檢查和性能檢查
SELECT * FROM v$parameter WHERE NAME LIKE 'undo%';
select segment_name,status from dba_rollback_segs;
5.5 根據幾次檢查的統計信息估計表空間的增長情況,並且據此爲管理人員提供空間升級建議。
col file_name format a20
col size_mb format a10
SELECT df.file_id, df.file_name, df.size_mb,
NVL (free.maxfree, 0) maxfree_mb,
ROUND (NVL (free.free_mb, 0), 2) free_mb,
100 - ROUND (100.0 * NVL (free.free_mb, 0) / df.size_mb, 2) pct_used,
ROUND (100.0 * NVL (free.free_mb, 0) / df.size_mb, 2) pct_free
FROM (SELECT file_id, file_name, tablespace_name, BYTES / 1048576 size_mb
FROM dba_data_files) df,
(SELECT file_id, SUM (BYTES) / 1048576 free_mb,
TRUNC (MAX (BYTES / 1024 / 1024), 2) maxfree
FROM dba_free_space
GROUP BY file_id) free
WHERE df.file_id = free.file_id(+)
ORDER BY 7;
6. 數據庫告警日誌檢查;
6.1 檢查自上次檢查以來是否有數據庫結構的修改,如果有則與管理人員加以確認。
6.2 分析最近時間段redo的切換頻率,如果過於頻繁或間隔太長則與管理人員確認解決方案。
SELECT TO_CHAR (first_time, 'yyyy-mm-dd') DAY, COUNT (*) switch_times, SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '00', 1, 0)) h00, SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '01', 1, 0)) h01, SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '02', 1, 0)) h02, SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '03', 1, 0)) h03, SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '04', 1, 0)) h04, SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '05', 1, 0)) h05, SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '06', 1, 0)) h06, SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '07', 1, 0)) h07, SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '08', 1, 0)) h08,
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '09', 1, 0)) h09,
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '10', 1, 0)) h10,
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '11', 1, 0)) h11,
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '12', 1, 0)) h12,
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '13', 1, 0)) h13,
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '14', 1, 0)) h14,
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '15', 1, 0)) h15,
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '16', 1, 0)) h16,
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '17', 1, 0)) h17,
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '18', 1, 0)) h18,
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '19', 1, 0)) h19,
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '20', 1, 0)) h20,
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '21', 1, 0)) h21,
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '22', 1, 0)) h22,
SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '23', 1, 0)) h23
FROM v$log_history
WHERE first_time > TRUNC (SYSDATE - 30)
GROUP BY ROLLUP (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'yyyy-mm-dd'));
6.3 查找自上次檢查以來所有的ora錯誤並作出分析。
6.4 根據系統情況爲管理人員提供日誌清理建議。
7. 數據文件位置檢查和可用性檢查。
col name format a30
Select name,status from v$datafile
或
SELECT file#, ts#, NAME, status, BYTES / 1024 / 1024 size_mb FROM v$datafile UNION ALL SELECT file#, ts#, NAME, status, BYTES / 1024 / 1024 size_mb FROM v$tempfile;
8. Redo log多元性檢查和可用性檢查。
select * from v$log;
9. 控制文件多元性檢查。
Select * from v$controlfile;
10. 歸檔檢查和歸檔空間檢查。
LOCATION=/oracle/product/10.1.0/db/dbs/arc
11. 磁盤狀態檢查;ASM
11.1 磁盤可用性檢查
11.2 文件系統可用性檢查
11.3 文件系統空間檢查
11.4 根據幾次檢查的統計信息估計表空間的增長情況,並且據此爲管理人員提供空間升級建議
11.5 根據系統情況爲管理人員提供空間清理建議
12. 數據庫備份檢查。
14. crs狀態檢查
/crs/bin/crs_stat -t
14.1 crs日誌檢查
14.2 Global設備信息檢查
15. Listener狀態檢查
15.1 listener可用性檢查
Lsnrctl status
15.2 listener日誌檢查
/u01/app/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/log/listener.log
/u01/app/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/log/listener.log
16. 數據庫共享池性能檢查
SELECT request_misses, request_failures FROM v$shared_pool_reserved;
期望結果:request_misses和request_failures應該接近於0。
巡檢說明:request_misses是保留列表沒有滿足請求的可用內存片從而開始利用LRU列表刷新對象的次數;request_failures是未找到滿足請求的內存次數。
18. 數據庫redo log緩衝區檢查
SELECT TO_CHAR (ROUND ((r.VALUE / e.VALUE) * 100, 2), '990.99' ) || '%' "redolog buffer retry ratio" FROM v$sysstat r, v$sysstat e WHERE r.NAME = 'redo buffer allocation retries' AND e.NAME = 'redo entries';
期望結果:應該小於5%。
巡檢說明:由於數據庫的所有DML和DLL操作在執行之前必須在重做日誌緩衝區生成一條記錄,故重做日誌緩衝區內的競爭將嚴重影響數據庫的性能。在重做日誌緩衝區內的競爭主要有兩類,latch競爭和過量請求競爭。
19、檢查無效的對象
select owner,object_name,object_type,status from dba_objects where owner like 'FOUNDER' and status not like 'VALID';
SELECT object_id, owner || '.' || object_name object_name, object_type, status, TO_CHAR (created, 'yy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') created, TO_CHAR (last_ddl_time, 'yy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') last_ddl_time FROM all_objects WHERE status != 'VALID';
20、檢查JOB狀態
Select job, BROKEN,
WHAT from dba_jobs;
21、監控表的增長
select segment_name,segment_type,bytes/1024/1024 from dba_segments where owner='FOUNDER' ORDER BY bytes/1024/1024 desc;
22、表和索引分析信息
SELECT 'table', COUNT (*) FROM dba_tables WHERE last_analyzed IS NOT NULL GROUP BY 'table'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'index', COUNT (*) FROM dba_indexes WHERE last_analyzed IS NOT NULL GROUP BY 'index';
23、資源限制信息
SELECT * FROM v$resource_limit;
期望結果:max_utilization與limit_value的差值,應至少相差10。
24、未建索引的表
SELECT /*+ rule */
owner, segment_name, segment_type, tablespace_name,
TRUNC (BYTES / 1024 / 1024, 1) size_mb
FROM dba_segments t
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
SELECT 'x'
FROM dba_indexes i
WHERE t.owner = i.table_owner
AND t.segment_name = i.table_name)
AND t.segment_type IN ('TABLE', 'TABLE PARTITION')
AND t.owner NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM')
ORDER BY 5 DESC;
升序用ASC
期望結果:不應該含有比較大的而又不含索引的正式表。