以下是學習PL/SQL入門級別的練習範例，進攻初學者參考。 /*測試程序的增刪改查*/
--測試插入
/*declare
v_deptno number(2):=50;
v_dname varchar2(10):='service';
v_loc varchar2(20):='beijing';
begin
insert into dept(deptno,dname,loc) values(v_deptno,v_dname,v_loc);
commit;
end;*/
-- 測試刪除
/*declare
v_deptno number(2):=90;
begin
delete from dept where deptno=v_deptno;
commit;
end;*/
-- 測試查詢
/*declare
v_info varchar2(30);
v_deptno number(2) := 40;
begin
select to_char(deptno) || dname || loc
into v_info
from dept
where deptno = v_deptno;
dbms_output.put_line(v_info);
end;*/
-- 測試修改
/*declare
v_deptno number(2) := 40;
v_loc varchar2(30) := 'boston';
begin
update dept set loc = v_loc where deptno = v_deptno;
commit;
end;*/
-- 測試returning
/*declare
row_id urowid; --注意這裏 使用number行不通
info varchar2(30);
begin
update dept set loc='beijing' where deptno=40
returning rowid,to_char(deptno)||loc into row_id,info;
dbms_output.put_line(row_id);
dbms_output.put_line(info);
end; */
-- 測試%type
/*declare
v_info varchar2(30);
v_deptno dept.deptno%type;
begin
v_deptno:=40;
select to_char(deptno) || dname || loc
into v_info
from dept
where deptno = v_deptno;
dbms_output.put_line(v_info);
end;*/
-- 測試輸入參數
/*declare
v_info varchar2(30);
v_deptno dept.deptno%type:=&deptno;
begin
select to_char(deptno) || dname || loc
into v_info
from dept
where deptno = v_deptno;
dbms_output.put_line(v_info);
end;*/
--測試%rowtype
/*declare
v_record dept%rowtype;
begin
select * into v_record from dept where deptno=40;
dbms_output.put_line('部門號'||to_char(v_record.deptno)||'部門名稱'||v_record.dname);
end;*/
--變量variable
/* declare
variable v_info varchar2;
begin
select '部門編號：'||to_char(deptno)||'部門名稱：'||dname||'部門地址：'||loc
into :v_info
from dept
where deptno=40;
end;
print v_info;*/
-- index by table 根據條件查詢原表得到的數據生成新表
/*declare
--定義表的類型
type new_dept is table of dept%rowtype index by binary_integer;
--創建新表
my_dept new_dept; --注意該表只是臨時的
begin
for int in 1 .. 4 loop
select * into my_dept(int) from dept where deptno = int * 10;
end loop;
for int in 1 .. 4 loop
dbms_output.put_line(to_char(my_dept(int).deptno) || my_dept(int)
.dname || my_dept(int).loc);
end loop;
exception
when others then
dbms_output.put_line('出現異常啦');
end;*/
/*==================程序流程控制====================*/
--if then
--elsif then
--else then
-- 漲工資計劃
-- 設置最低工資1500 低於1500的工資都漲到1500
-- 1500-300間漲300
-- 工資3000以上漲500
-- 工資5000以上漲1000
/*declare
v_empno number(4) := &empno;
v_sal emp.sal%type;
begin
select sal into v_sal from emp where empno = v_empno;
dbms_output.put_line(to_char(v_empno)||'號員工原工資是'||v_sal);
if v_sal < 1500 then
update emp set sal = 1500 where empno = v_empno;
dbms_output.put_line(to_char(v_empno) || '號員工，漲工資到1500');
elsif v_sal > 1500 and v_sal < 3000 then
update emp set sal = sal + 300 where empno = v_empno;
dbms_output.put_line(to_char(v_empno) || '號員工，漲工資500');
elsif v_sal >= 3000 and v_sal < 5000 then
update emp set sal = sal + 500 where empno = v_empno;
dbms_output.put_line(to_char(v_empno) || '號員工，漲工資500');
elsif v_sal >= 5000 then
update emp set sal = sal + 1000 where empno = v_empno;
dbms_output.put_line(to_char(v_empno) || '號員工，漲工資1000');
else
dbms_output.put_line('該員工不存在');
end if;
commit;
exception
when others then
dbms_output.put_line('程序出異常啦');
end;*/
-- case用法
-- 根據員工職位漲工資
-- manager +1000
--analyst +800
--saleman +600
--clerk +400
--其他不加
-- 循環
-- exit when
/*declare
v_number number(2):=0;
begin
loop
v_number:=v_number+1;
dbms_output.put_line(v_number);
exit when v_number=10;
end loop;
end;*/
-- while
/*declare
v_number number(2):=0;
begin
while v_number<10 loop
v_number:=v_number+1;
dbms_output.put_line(v_number);
end loop;
end;*/
-- for循環
-- ++
/*declare
v_number number(2):=0;
begin
for v_number in 1..10 loop
dbms_output.put_line(v_number);
end loop;
end;*/
-- --
/*declare
v_number number(2):=0;
begin
for v_number in reverse 1..10 loop
dbms_output.put_line(v_number);
end loop;
end;*/
-- go to
/*declare
v_number number(2):=0;
begin
for v_number in 1..10 loop
dbms_output.put_line(v_number);
if v_number=5 then
goto show_out;
end if;
end loop;
<<show_out>>
dbms_output.put_line('直接跳轉到show_out');
end;*/
/*======================遊標的使用========================*/
-- 使用遊標處理多行記錄的事物
--顯式遊標
/* declare
v_deptno dept.deptno%type;
v_dname dept.dname%type;
v_loc dept.loc%type;
v_record dept%rowtype;
-- 定義遊標
cursor c1 is
select deptno,dname,loc from dept;
cursor c2 is
select * from dept;
begin
--打開遊標
open c1;
loop
fetch c1 into v_deptno,v_dname,v_loc; --獲取遊標數據
dbms_output.put_line('遊標1--'||to_char(v_deptno)||v_dname||v_loc);
exit when c1%notfound;
end loop;
--關閉遊標
close c1;
open c2;
loop
fetch c2 into v_record;
dbms_output.put_line('遊標2--'||to_char(v_record.deptno)||v_record.dname||v_record.loc);
exit when c2%notfound;
end loop;
close c2;
end;*/
--帶參數遊標
--例給工資低於特定值的員工加薪100
/*declare
v_record emp%rowtype;
cursor c1(v_sal number default 1000) is
select * from emp where sal < v_sal;
begin
for v_record in c1(3000) loop --注意這裏遊標都是隱式打開關閉
dbms_output.put_line('員工號' || to_char(v_record.empno) || '原工資' ||
v_record.sal);
end loop;
for v_record in c1(3000) loop
update emp set sal = sal + 100 where empno = v_record.empno;
end loop;
for v_record in c1(3000) loop
dbms_output.put_line('員工號' || to_char(v_record.empno) || '現工資' ||
v_record.sal);
end loop;
end;*/
-- 遊標修改或者刪除操作的時候 對遊標進行鎖定
-- 設定某部門最低工資
/*declare
v_deptno dept.deptno%type:=&deptno;
v_record emp%rowtype;
cursor c1 is
select * from emp where deptno=v_deptno for update of sal nowait; -- 對sal列進行鎖定
begin
for v_record in c1 loop
if v_record.sal<1500 then
update emp set sal=1500 where current of c1; -- 遊標當前行對應的數據庫數據行
end if;
end loop;
end;*/
/* =====================異常處理========================*/
/*
1、oracle預定義異常24個 ——自動觸發
2、oracle非預定義異常——用戶手動觸發
3、用戶自定義異常
*/
-- 1預定義異常
/*DECLARE
v_empno emp.empno%TYPE := &empno;
v_sal emp.sal%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT sal INTO v_sal FROM emp WHERE empno = v_empno;
IF v_sal <= 1500 THEN
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal + 100 WHERE empno = v_empno;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('員工號爲' || v_empno || '員工工資已更新!');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('員工號爲' || v_empno ||
'員工工資已經超過規定值!');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('數據庫中沒有員工號爲' || v_empno || '的員工');
WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('程序運行錯誤!請使用遊標');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('發生其它錯誤!');
END;*/
-- 用戶自定義異常
/*DECLARE
v_empno emp.empno%TYPE := &empno;
v_record emp%rowtype;
no_result exception;
BEGIN
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal + 100 WHERE empno = v_empno;
if sql%notfound then
--注意notfound是指影響了多少行 對查詢不適用
raise no_result;
end if;
EXCEPTION
WHEN no_result THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('捕獲到自定義異常，找不到數據');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('發生其它錯誤!');
END;*/
/*=======================存儲過程與函數=========================*/
-- 函數——獲取某部門的工資總量
/* create or replace function get_salary_sum_of_dept(v_deptno number default 10, --參數默認值
v_count out number)
return number is
v_salary_sum number;
begin
select count(*), sum(sal)
into v_count, v_salary_sum
from emp
where deptno = v_deptno return v_salary_sum;
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('找不到數據');
when others then
dbms_output.put_line('出現異常啦');
end get_salary_sum_of_dept;*/
/*DECLARE
V_num NUMBER;
V_sum NUMBER;
v_deptno_in dept.deptno%type:=&deptno;
BEGIN
--調用函數
V_sum := get_salary(v_deptno_in, v_num);
dbms_output.put_line('30號部門工資總和：' || v_sum || '，人數：' ||
v_num);
END;*/
--- 存儲過程
-- 刪除某員工記錄
/* create or replace procedure delete_emp_by_id(v_empno in emp.empno%type) is
begin
delete from emp where empno = v_empno;
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('員工號爲'||to_char(v_empno)||'不存在');
when others then
dbms_output.put_line('出現異常啦');
end delete_emp_by_id;
-- 調用存儲過程
execute delete_emp_by_id(30);*/
/*
create or replace procedure proc_get_salary_sum_of_dept(v_deptno number default 10, --參數默認值
v_count out number,
v_salary_sum out number) is --注意存儲過程與函數的區別就是函數能有返回值，而存儲過程只能有輸出值而不能有返回值
begin
select count(*), sum(sal)
into v_count, v_salary_sum
from emp
where deptno = v_deptno;
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('找不到數據');
when others then
dbms_output.put_line('出現異常啦');
end proc_get_salary_sum_of_dept;
DECLARE
V_num NUMBER;
V_sum NUMBER;
v_deptno_in dept.deptno%type := &deptno;
BEGIN
--調用存儲過程
proc_get_salary_sum_of_dept(v_deptno_in, v_num,v_sum); --注意與函數調用的差別
dbms_output.put_line(to_char(v_deptno_in) || '號部門工資總和：' || v_sum || '，人數：' || v_num);
END;*/以下是學習PL/SQL入門級別的練習範例，進攻初學者參考。