Android UI詳解之動態佈局

                                  Android UI詳解之動態佈局

 

1.相對佈局RelativeLayout

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		
		//定義一個相對佈局
		RelativeLayout rl = new RelativeLayout(this);
		Button bt = new Button(this);
		bt.setText("MYbutton");
		bt.setId(1);
		//添加子元素
		//rl.addView(bt);
	
                  //定義參數,這個制定樣式,也就是佈局空間的位置
		RelativeLayout.LayoutParams Params = new RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(
				ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
				ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT
				);
		Params.addRule(RelativeLayout.ALIGN_PARENT_TOP);
		Params.addRule(RelativeLayout.CENTER_HORIZONTAL,RelativeLayout.TRUE);
		
		//btn1位於父View的頂部,在父View中水平居中
		rl.addView(bt,Params);
		
		setContentView(rl);
		
	
	}


2、定義一個線性佈局LinearLayout

           一個LinearLayout 和 這個LinearLayout裏邊一個 TextView 的關係 TextView 就算LinearLayout的子視圖 child view .需要注意的是LayoutParams只是ViewGroup的一個內部類 這裏邊這個也就是ViewGroup裏邊這個LayoutParams類是 base class 基類 實際上每個不同的ViewGroup都有自己的LayoutParams子類   比如LinearLayout 也有自己的 LayoutParams 大家打開源碼看幾眼就知道了

//創建一個線性佈局       
private LinearLayout mLayout;      
mLayout = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.layout);      
//現在我要往mLayout裏邊添加一個TextView       
//你可能會想直接在佈局文件裏邊配置不就行了 那是 但是這裏爲了說明問題我們用代碼實現       
TextView textView = new TextView(Activity01.this);      
textView.setText("Text View" );      
//這裏請不要困惑,這裏是設置 這個textView的佈局 FILL_PARENT WRAP_CONTENT 和在xml文件裏邊設置是一樣的如       
/**<TextView     
android:layout_width="fill_parent"     
android:layout_height="wrap_content"     
android:text="Text View"/>*/  
//在xml裏邊怎麼配置高寬大家都會的。       
//第一個參數爲寬的設置,第二個參數爲高的設置。       
LinearLayout.LayoutParams p = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(      
LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT,      
LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT      
1);      
//調用addView()方法增加一個TextView到線性佈局中       
mLayout.addView(textView, p);


上面代碼就是先加載已經存在的Layout文件,然後再用代碼動態的改變,這種很常見。

 

LayoutParams繼承於Android.View.ViewGroup.LayoutParams.
LayoutParams相當於一個Layout的信息包,它封裝了Layout的位置、高、寬等信息。假設在屏幕上一塊區域是由一個Layout佔領的,如果將一個View添加到一個Layout中,最好告訴Layout用戶期望的佈局方式,也就是將一個認可的layoutParams傳遞進去。
可以這樣去形容LayoutParams,在象棋的棋盤上,每個棋子都佔據一個位置,也就是每個棋子都有一個位置的信息,如這個棋子在4行4列,這裏的“4行4列”就是棋子的LayoutParams。

 


但LayoutParams類也只是簡單的描述了寬高,寬和高都可以設置成三種值:
1,一個確定的值;
2,FILL_PARENT,即填滿(和父容器一樣大小);
3,WRAP_CONTENT,即包裹住組件就好

 

Demo

XML代碼

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ScrollView
        xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
 >
   
   <LinearLayout 
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
	    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
	    android:orientation="vertical"
	    android:gravity="center">
	    <ImageView 
	        android:layout_width="240dip"
	        android:layout_height="120dip"
	        android:layout_margin="30dip"
	        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
	        android:background="@android:color/black"
	        android:scaleType="fitCenter"
	        android:adjustViewBounds="true"
	        android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher"
	        />
	    <TextView
	        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
	        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	        android:layout_margin="30dip"
	        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
	        android:gravity="center_horizontal"
	        android:textSize="18sp"
	        android:text="HelloWorld"/>
	    <EditText 
	        android:layout_width="240dip"
	        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	        android:layout_margin="30dip"
	        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
	        android:hint="請輸入文字內容"
	        android:maxLength="200"
	        android:textSize="18sp"/>
       <LinearLayout 
	        android:id="@+id/button_layout"
	        android:layout_width="240dip"
	        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
	        android:background="#c6c3c6"
	        android:minHeight="54dip"
	        android:orientation="horizontal"
	        android:paddingTop="4dip"
	        android:paddingBottom="4dip"
	        android:paddingLeft="2dip"
	        android:paddingRight="2dip" >
	        <Button  
	            android:text="確定 "
	            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
	            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	            android:layout_gravity="left"
	            android:layout_marginLeft="10dip"
	            android:layout_marginRight="5dip"
	            android:layout_weight="1"
	            android:maxLines="2"
	            android:textSize="18sp" />
	        <Button 
	            android:text="取消"
	            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
	            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
	            android:layout_gravity="right"
	            android:layout_marginLeft="5dip"
	            android:layout_marginRight="10dip"
	            android:layout_weight="1"
	            android:maxLines="2"
	            android:textSize="18sp"/>
	    </LinearLayout>
	    
   </LinearLayout>    
       

   
</ScrollView>




等效的java代碼

 

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.InputFilter;
import android.text.InputFilter.LengthFilter;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ImageView.ScaleType;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.RelativeLayout;
import android.widget.ScrollView;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class ActivityInfo extends Activity {
	
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//		setContentView(R.layout.info);
		
		initUI();
	}
	
	public final void initUI(){
		ScrollView main = new ScrollView(this);
		main.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT));
		main.setBackgroundColor(Color.WHITE);
		
		//根佈局參數
		LinearLayout.LayoutParams layoutParamsRoot = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT,LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT);
		layoutParamsRoot.gravity = Gravity.CENTER;
		//根佈局
		LinearLayout layoutRoot = new LinearLayout(this);
		layoutRoot.setLayoutParams(layoutParamsRoot);
		layoutRoot.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
		
		
		//上邊距(dp值)
		int topMargin = dip2px(this, 30);
		//imageMain寬度(dp值)
		int widthMain = dip2px(this, 240);
		//imageMain高度(dp值)
		int heightMain = dip2px(this, 120);
		
		//imageMain佈局參數
		LinearLayout.LayoutParams layoutParamsImageMain = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(widthMain,heightMain);
		layoutParamsImageMain.topMargin = topMargin;
		layoutParamsImageMain.bottomMargin = topMargin;
		layoutParamsImageMain.leftMargin = topMargin;
		layoutParamsImageMain.rightMargin = topMargin;
		layoutParamsImageMain.gravity=Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL;
		//初始化ImageView
		ImageView imageMain = new ImageView(this);
		imageMain.setScaleType(ScaleType.FIT_CENTER);
		imageMain.setAdjustViewBounds(true);
		imageMain.setBackgroundColor(Color.BLACK);
		imageMain.setImageResource(android.R.drawable.ic_launcher);
		layoutRoot.addView(imageMain, layoutParamsImageMain);
		
		//textInfo佈局參數
		LinearLayout.LayoutParams layoutParamsTextInfo = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT,LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
		layoutParamsTextInfo.topMargin = topMargin;
		layoutParamsTextInfo.bottomMargin = topMargin;
		layoutParamsTextInfo.leftMargin = topMargin;
		layoutParamsTextInfo.rightMargin = topMargin;
		layoutParamsTextInfo.gravity=Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL;
		//初始化textInfo
		TextView textInfo = new TextView(this);
		textInfo.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL);
		textInfo.setTextSize(18);
		layoutRoot.addView(textInfo, layoutParamsTextInfo);
		
		//editInfo佈局參數
		LinearLayout.LayoutParams layoutParamsEditInfo = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(widthMain,LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
		layoutParamsEditInfo.topMargin = topMargin;
		layoutParamsEditInfo.gravity=Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL;
		//初始化editInfo
		EditText editInfo = new EditText(this);
		editInfo.setHint("請輸入文字內容");
		//設置可輸入的最大長度
		InputFilter[] filters = {new LengthFilter(200)};  
		editInfo.setFilters(filters);
		editInfo.setTextSize(18);
		layoutRoot.addView(editInfo, layoutParamsEditInfo);
		
		//上邊距(dp值)
		int minHeight = dip2px(this, 54);
		//上padding(dp值)
		int topPadding = dip2px(this, 4);
		//左padding(dp值)
		int leftPadding = dip2px(this, 2);
		//按鈕佈局
		LinearLayout layoutButton = new LinearLayout(this);
		layoutButton.setLayoutParams(layoutParamsEditInfo);
		layoutButton.setOrientation(LinearLayout.HORIZONTAL);
		layoutButton.setBackgroundColor(Color.parseColor("#c6c3c6"));
		layoutButton.setMinimumHeight(minHeight);
		layoutButton.setPadding(leftPadding, topPadding, leftPadding, topPadding);
		layoutButton.setId(100000001);
		
		//buttonOK佈局參數
		LinearLayout.LayoutParams layoutParamsButtonOK = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
		layoutParamsButtonOK.gravity = Gravity.LEFT;
		layoutParamsButtonOK.leftMargin = dip2px(this, 10);
		layoutParamsButtonOK.rightMargin = dip2px(this, 5);
		layoutParamsButtonOK.weight = 1;
		//Button確定
		Button buttonOK = new Button(this);
		buttonOK.setLayoutParams(layoutParamsButtonOK);
		buttonOK.setMaxLines(2);
		buttonOK.setTextSize(18);
		buttonOK.setText("確定");
		layoutButton.addView(buttonOK);
		
		//buttonCancel佈局參數
		LinearLayout.LayoutParams layoutParamsButtonCancel = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
		layoutParamsButtonCancel.gravity = Gravity.RIGHT;
		layoutParamsButtonCancel.leftMargin = dip2px(this, 5);
		layoutParamsButtonCancel.rightMargin = dip2px(this, 10);
		layoutParamsButtonCancel.weight = 1;
		//Button取消
		Button buttonCancel = new Button(this);
		buttonCancel.setLayoutParams(layoutParamsButtonCancel);
		buttonCancel.setMaxLines(2);
		buttonCancel.setTextSize(18);
		buttonCancel.setText("取消");
		
		layoutButton.addView(buttonCancel);
		
		layoutRoot.addView(layoutButton, layoutParamsEditInfo);
		
		//RelativeLayout佈局參數
		LinearLayout.LayoutParams layoutParamsBottom = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT,LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
		RelativeLayout layoutBottom = new RelativeLayout(this);
		layoutBottom.setLayoutParams(layoutParamsBottom);
		
		RelativeLayout.LayoutParams paramsImageBottom = new RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
		paramsImageBottom.addRule(RelativeLayout.BELOW, 100000001);
		paramsImageBottom.addRule(RelativeLayout.CENTER_HORIZONTAL, RelativeLayout.TRUE);
		paramsImageBottom.setMargins(topMargin, topMargin, topMargin, topMargin);
		
		//初始化ImageView
		ImageView imageBottom = new ImageView(this);
		imageBottom.setScaleType(ScaleType.FIT_CENTER);
		imageBottom.setAdjustViewBounds(true);
		imageBottom.setBackgroundColor(0xFF777777);
		imageBottom.setImageResource(android.R.drawable.ic_dialog_email);
		layoutBottom.addView(imageBottom, paramsImageBottom);
		layoutRoot.addView(layoutBottom);
		
		
		//TODO TEST
//		imageMain.setBackgroundResource(android.R.drawable.ic_dialog_map);
		textInfo.setText("測試文本顯示");
		
		main.addView(layoutRoot);
		setContentView(main);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 根據手機的分辨率從 dp 的單位 轉成爲 px(像素)
	 */
	public static int dip2px(Context context, float dpValue) {
		final float scale = context.getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
		return (int) (dpValue * scale + 0.5f);
	}

	/**
	 * 根據手機的分辨率從 px(像素) 的單位 轉成爲 dp
	 */
	public static int px2dip(Context context, float pxValue) {
		final float scale = context.getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
		return (int) (pxValue / scale + 0.5f);
	}

}


 

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