【Android基礎 004】 發短信、打電話、發郵件、訪問網頁

短信

1.發送短信

需要權限 android.permission.SEND_SMS

使用android.telephony.SmsManager類

普遍使用的方式

private void sendSmsMessage(String address,String message)throws Exception
    {
        SmsManager smsMgr = SmsManager.getDefault();
        Intent sent = new Intent();
        sent.setAction("com.send");
        PendingIntent sentIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this, 0, sent, 0);
        Intent delivery = new Intent();
        delivery.setAction("com.delivery");
        PendingIntent deliveryIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this, 0, delivery , 0);
        smsMgr.sendTextMessage(address, null, message, sentIntent, deliveryIntent);
    }

 BroadcastReceiver send = new BroadcastReceiver() {

        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {

            if("com.send".equals(intent.getAction()))
                Toast.makeText(TelephonyDemo.this, "SMS send  success",
                        Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }
    };
     BroadcastReceiver delivery = new BroadcastReceiver() {

            @Override
            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
                if("com.delivery".equals(intent.getAction()))
                    Toast.makeText(TelephonyDemo.this, "SMS delivery success",
                        Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }
        };

 另兩種方式

sendDataMessage()接受一個附加參數以指定一個端口號，還會接受一個字節數組（不是一個String 消息）。

sendMultipartTextMessage()支持在整條消息大於SMS規範所允許的大小時發送文本消息。

SmsManager類提供了divideMessage()方法來幫助將較長的消息拆分爲多個部分。

2.監視傳入的SMS消息

需要權限：android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS

當設備收到SMS消息時，android會發出廣播。該廣播的action是android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED

該action在文檔上找不到，在源碼的android.provider包下能找到Telephony類，其中有這麼個action,同時有參數說明

/**
           * Broadcast Action: A new text based SMS message has been received
           * by the device. The intent will have the following extra
           * values:</p>
           *
           * <ul>
           *   <li><em>pdus</em> - An Object[] od byte[]s containing the PDUs
           *   that make up the message.</li>
           * </ul>
           *
           * <p>The extra values can be extracted using
           * {@link #getMessagesFromIntent(Intent)}.</p>
           *
           * <p>If a BroadcastReceiver encounters an error while processing
           * this intent it should set the result code appropriately.</p>
           */
          @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.BROADCAST_INTENT_ACTION)
          public static final String SMS_RECEIVED_ACTION =
                  "android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED";

具體實現

<receiver android:name="MySMSMonitor">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

public class MySMSMonitor extends BroadcastReceiver {

    private static final String ACTION = "android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED";

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
    {
        if(intent!=null && intent.getAction()!=null &&
            ACTION.compareToIgnoreCase(intent.getAction())==0)
        {
            Object[]pduArray = (Object[]) intent.getExtras().get("pdus");
            SmsMessage[] messages = new SmsMessage[pduArray.length];
            for (int i = 0; i<pduArray.length; i++) {
                messages[i] = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[])pduArray [i]);
                Log.d("MySMSMonitor", "From: " + messages[i].getOriginatingAddress());
                Log.d("MySMSMonitor", "Msg: " + messages[i].getMessageBody());
            }
            Log.d("MySMSMonitor","SMS Message Received.");
        }
    }
}

訪問SMS文件夾

需要權限 android.permission.READ_SMS

要讀取SMS消息，必須對SMS收件箱進行查詢。如下所示

public class SMSInboxDemo extends ListActivity {

    private ListAdapter adapter;
    private static final Uri SMS_INBOX = Uri.parse("content://sms/inbox");

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle bundle) {
        super.onCreate(bundle);
        Cursor c = getContentResolver()
                .query(SMS_INBOX, null, null, null, null);
        startManagingCursor(c);
        String[] columns = new String[] { "body" };
        int[] names = new int[] { R.id.row };
        adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this, R.layout.sms_inbox, c, columns,
                names);

        setListAdapter(adapter);
    }
}

 以下是完整的SMS文件夾列表和每個文件夾的URI

所有文件夾  content://sms/all

收件箱 content://sms/inbox

已發送 content://sms/sent

草稿 content://sms/draft

發件箱 content://sms/outbox

發送失敗 content://sms/failed

排隊消息 content://sms/queued

未送達 content://sms/undelivered

對話 content://sms/conversations

 

 

發送電子郵件

android沒有提供API來發送電子郵件，必須使用已註冊的電子郵件應用程序。可以使用ACTION_SEND來啓動電子郵件應用程序

Intent emailIntent=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);

       String subject = "Hi!";
       String body = "hello from android....";

       String[] extra = new String[]{"[email protected]"};

       emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, subject);
       emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, body);
    emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, extra);
       emailIntent.setType("message/rfc822");

       startActivity(emailIntent);

 可以向電子郵件Intent添加的其他"extra"消息包括EXTRA_CC(抄送)、EXTRA_BCC(密送)。如果希望在郵件中發送電子郵件附件。可以使用以下代碼。

emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM,Uri.fromFile(new File(myFileName)));

打電話

播出電話的最簡單方法是使用以下代碼

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL,Uri.parse("tel:[phone]"));
startActivity(intent);

 這段代碼需要android.permission.CALL_PHONE權限。如果沒有此權限，可以將Intent的操作更改爲Intent.ACTION_VIEW.這會導致Dialer應用程序顯示要撥打的目標號碼，用戶需要按下Send按鈕才能開始呼叫。

 

 

監聽電話狀態

監聽電話狀態最簡單的辦法是在"android.intent.action.PHONE_STATE"上實現一個廣播接收程序。可採用與上面監聽傳入的SMS消息相同的方式。

該action可以在文檔中找到

http://developer.android.com/reference/android/telephony/TelephonyManager.html#ACTION_PHONE_STATE_CHANGED

另一種方式是使用TelephonyManager

 private TelephonyManager teleMgr = null;
 private MyPhoneStateListener myListener = null;


@Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
    {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        teleMgr =
                (TelephonyManager)getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
        myListener = new MyPhoneStateListener();
    }

 @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        Log.d("PhoneCallDemo", "In onResume");
        teleMgr.listen(myListener, PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_CALL_STATE);
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        Log.d("PhoneCallDemo", "In onPause");
        teleMgr.listen(myListener, PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_NONE);
    }

public class MyPhoneStateListener extends PhoneStateListener
    {
        @Override
        public void onCallStateChanged(int state, String incomingNumber) {
            super.onCallStateChanged(state, incomingNumber);

            switch(state)
            {
                case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_IDLE:
                    logText = "call state idle...incoming number is["+
                                incomingNumber+"]\n" + logText;
                    break;
                case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_RINGING:
                    logText = "call state ringing...incoming number is["+
                                incomingNumber+"]\n" + logText;
                    break;
                case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_OFFHOOK:
                    logText = "call state Offhook...incoming number is["+
                                incomingNumber+"]\n" + logText;
                    break;
                default:
                    logText = "call state ["+state+"]incoming number is["+
                                incomingNumber+"]\n" + logText;
                    break;
            }
            print(logText);
        }
    }