1.什麼是ＳＱＬＰＬＵＳ：<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
SQL*Plus has its own commands and environment, and it provides access to the
Oracle RDBMS. It allows you to enter and execute SQL, PL/SQL, SQL*Plus and
operating system commands to perform the following:
n enter SQL*Plus commands to configure the SQL*Plus environment
n enter, edit, store, retrieve, and run SQL commands and PL/SQL blocks
n format, perform calculations on, store, and print from query results
n interact with an end user
n startup and shutdown a database
n connect to a database
n define variables
n capture errors
n list column definitions for any table
n perform database administration
２.SQL*PLUS兩層結構：
SQL*Plus uses a two-tier model comprising:
n Client Tier (Command-line user interface).
n Database Tier (Oracle9i).
3.i SQL*PLUS三層結構：
iSQL*Plus is a fast, browser-based interface which uses the SQL*Plus processing
engine in a three-tier model comprising:
n Client Tier (iSQL*Plus user interface, typically a web browser).
n Middle Tier (iSQL*Plus Server, Oracle Net, and Oracle HTTP Server).
n Database Tier (Oracle9i).
4.SQLPLUS登陸後的初始設置：
The site profile file is $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/glogin.sql.
5.定製自己用戶登陸的設置：
SQL*Plus also supports a User Profile, executed after the Site Profile. This file is
generally named login.sql. SQL*Plus searches for the user profile in your current
directory, and then the directories you specify with the SQLPATH environment
variable. SQL*Plus searches this colon-separated list of directories in the order they
are listed.
6.改變自己登錄文件的設置：
SET LINESIZE Followed by a number, sets the number of characters as page
width of the query results.
SET NUMFORMAT Followed by a number format (such as $99,999), sets the
default format for displaying numbers in query results.
SET PAGESIZE Followed by a number, sets the number of lines per page.
SET PAUSE Followed by ON, causes SQL*Plus to pause at the beginning
of each page of output (SQL*Plus continues scrolling after you
enter Return). Followed by text, sets the text to be displayed
each time SQL*Plus pauses (you must also set PAUSE to ON).
SET SQLPROMPT Followed by the connect information variable in the form:
SET SQLPROMPT '&_CONNECT_IDENTIFIER > '
changes the SQL*Plus command-line prompt to display the
SID of the database you are connected to.
SET TIME Followed by ON, displays the current time before each
command prompt.
7.保存當前的設置，下次啓動時直接執行：
You can store the current SQL*Plus system (“SET”) variables in a host operating
system file (a script) with the STORE command. If you alter any variables, this
script can be run to restore the original values. This is useful if you want to reset
system variables after running a report that alters them.
store set login.sql create/replace
8. 登錄：
sqlplus –h
獲取幫助信息
SQLPLUS [ [Options] [Logon] [Start] ]
9.使用MARKUP產生html腳本
Some SQL*Plus commands have different behavior when output is directed to an
HTML table. Commands originally intended to format paper reports may have
different meaning for reports intended for web tables:
n PAGESIZE is the number of rows in an HTML table, not the number of lines.
Each row may contain multiple lines. The TTITLE, BTITLE and column
headings are repeated every PAGESIZE rows.
n LINESIZE may have an effect on data if wrapping is on, or for very long data.
Depending on data size, they may be generated on separate lines, which a
browser may interpret as a space character.
n TTITLE and BTITLE content is output to three line positions: left, center and
right, and the maximum line width is preset to 90% of the browser window.
These elements may not align with the main output as expected due to the way
they are handled for web output. Entity mapping in TTITLE and BTITLE is the
same as the general ENTMAP setting specified in the MARKUP command.
n If you use a title in your output, then SQL*Plus starts a new HTML table for
output rows that appear after the title. Your browser may format column
widths of each table differently, depending on the width of data in each column.
n SET COLSEP and RECSEP only produce output in HTML reports when
PREFORMAT is ON.
10.結束一個SQL塊：
Ending a SQL Command You can end a SQL command in one of three ways:
n with a semicolon (;)
n with a slash (/) on a line by itself
n with a blank line
11.使用連接符”-”輸入sqlplus命令：
You can continue a long
SQL*Plus command by typing a hyphen at the end of the line and pressing Return.
If you wish, you can type a space before typing the hyphen. SQL*Plus displays a
right angle-bracket (>) as a prompt for each additional line.
12.設置login.sql文件:
-- login.sql
-- SQL*Plus user login startup file.
--
-- This script is automatically run after glogin.sql
--
-- To change the SQL*Plus prompt to display the current user,
-- connection identifier and current time.
-- First set the database date format to show the time.
ALTER SESSION SET nls_date_format = 'HH24:MI:SS';
-- SET the SQLPROMPT to include the _USER, _CONNECT_IDENTIFIER
-- and _DATE variables.
SET SQLPROMPT "_USER'@'_CONNECT_IDENTIFIER _DATE> "
-- To set the number of lines to display in a report page to 24.
SET PAGESIZE 24
-- To set the number of characters to display on each report line to 78.
SET LINESIZE 78
-- To set the number format used in a report to $99,999.
SET NUMFORMAT $99,999
13.設置幫助：
設置set oracle_home=E:/oracle/product/<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />10.1.0/Db_1
設置set system_pass=system/system
運行helpins 向數據庫中添加幫助信息
2. In either case, the HELPINS utility reads the login from SYSTEM_PASS to connect to Oracle Database using SQL*Plus, creates and loads the help tables, and then disconnects. You can use command-line help the next time you start SQL*Plus.
14.設置自動提交：
SET AUTOCOMMIT ON
Alternatively, you can enter the following to turn the autocommit feature on:
SET AUTOCOMMIT IMMEDIATE
15.執行操作系統命令：
HOST COMMAND
16.獲取結構的命令：
Lists the column definitions for a table, view, or synonym,
or the specifications for a function or procedure.
17.對於一個長的輸出設置暫停：
set pause on|off|
18.SQLPlus註釋需要注意的地方：
1. Do not put comments within the first few keywords of a statement.
2. Do not put comments after statement terminators (period, semicolon or slash).
3. Do not put statement termination characters at the end of a comment line or
after comments in a SQL statement or a PL/SQL block.
4. Do not use ampersand characters ’&’ in comments in a SQL statement or
PL/SQL block.
19.使用SQLPlus執行sql
sqlplus scott/tiger@zianed @hello.sql
20.執行嵌套腳本使用@@
21.退出執行：
If your script generates a SQL error while running from a batch file on the host
operating system, you may want to abort the script and exit with a return code. Use
the SQL*Plus command WHENEVER SQLERROR to do this; see the WHENEVER
SQLERROR command on page 13-154 for more information.
Similarly, the WHENEVER OSERROR command may be used to exit if an operating
system error occurs. See the WHENEVER OSERROR command on page 13-152 for
more information.
使用help w
獲得幫助
22.不能使用 &&定義變量的部分情況：
You cannot use substitution variables in the buffer editing commands, APPEND,
CHANGE, DEL, and INPUT, nor in other commands where substitution would be
meaningless, such as in SQL*Plus comments (REMARK, /*... */ or --).
23.set命令
16:14:37 SCOTT@orcl 11-12月-08> help set
SET
---
Sets a system variable to alter the SQL*Plus environment settings
for your current session. For example, to:
- set the display width for data
- customize HTML formatting
- enable or disable printing of column headings
- set the number of lines per page
In iSQL*Plus, you can also use the Preferences screen to set
system variables.
SET system_variable value
where system_variable and value represent one of the following clauses:
APPI[NFO]{OFF|ON|text} 等價於通過dbms_applocation_info註冊信息；
ARRAY[SIZE] {15|n} 設置每一次sql取回的行數；
AUTO[COMMIT] {OFF|ON|IMM[EDIATE]|n} 設置自動提交；
AUTOP[RINT] {OFF|ON} 自動打印
AUTORECOVERY {OFF|ON} PAGES[IZE] {14|n}
AUTOT[RACE] {OFF|ON|TRACE[ONLY]} PAU[SE] {OFF|ON|text}
[EXP[LAIN]] [STAT[ISTICS]] RECSEP {WR[APPED] |
BLO[CKTERMINATOR] {.|c|OFF|ON} EA[CH]|OFF}
CMDS[EP] {;|c|OFF|ON} RECSEPCHAR {_|c}
COLSEP {_|text} SERVEROUT[PUT] {OFF|ON}
COM[PATIBILITY] {V7|V8|NATIVE} [SIZE n] [FOR[MAT]
CON[CAT] {.|c|OFF|ON} {WRA[PPED] |
COPYC[OMMIT] {0|n} WOR[D_WRAPPED] |
COPYTYPECHECK {OFF|ON} TRU[NCATED]}]
DEF[INE] {&|c|OFF|ON} 設置&是否成爲輸入變量
DESCRIBE [DEPTH {1|n|ALL}] INV[ISIBLE]}
[LINENUM {ON|OFF}] [INDENT {ON|OFF}] *SHOW[MODE] {OFF|ON}
ECHO {OFF|ON} *SQLBL[ANKLINES] {OFF|ON}
*EDITF[ILE] file_name[.ext] SQLC[ASE] {MIX[ED] |
EMB[EDDED] {OFF|ON} LO[WER] | UP[PER]}
ESC[APE] {/|c|OFF|ON} *SQLCO[NTINUE] {> | text}
FEED[BACK] {6|n|OFF|ON} *SQLN[UMBER] {OFF|ON}
FLAGGER {OFF|ENTRY|INTERMED[IATE]|FULL} SQLPLUSCOMPAT[IBILITY] {x.y[.z]}
*FLU[SH] {OFF|ON} *SQLPRE[FIX] {#|c}
HEA[DING] {OFF|ON} *SQLP[ROMPT] {SQL>|text}
HEADS[EP] {||c|OFF|ON} SQLT[ERMINATOR]
INSTANCE [instance_path|LOCAL] {;|c|OFF|ON}
LIN[ESIZE] {80|n} ({150|n} iSQL*Plus) *SUF[FIX] {SQL|text}
LOBOF[FSET] {n|1} *TAB {OFF|ON}
LOGSOURCE [pathname] *TERM[OUT] {OFF|ON}
LONG {80|n} *TI[ME] {OFF|ON}
LONGC[HUNKSIZE] {80|n} TIMI[NG] {OFF|ON}
MARK[UP] HTML [ON|OFF] *TRIM[OUT] {OFF|ON}
[HEAD text] [BODY text] [TABLE text] *TRIMS[POOL] {ON|OFF}
[ENTMAP {ON|OFF}] UND[ERLINE] {-|c|ON|OFF}
[SPOOL {ON|OFF}] VER[IFY] {OFF|ON}
[PRE[FORMAT] {ON|OFF}] WRA[P] {OFF|ON}
An asterisk (*) indicates the SET option is not supported in iSQL*Plus.
24.能夠disabled的命令：
You can disable the following SQL*Plus commands:
COPY HOST SET
EDIT PASSWORD SPOOL
EXECUTE QUIT START
EXIT RUN
GET SAVE
You can also disable the following SQL commands:
ALTER GRANT SET CONSTRAINTS
ANALYZE INSERT SET ROLE
AUDIT LOCK SET TRANSACTION
CONNECT NOAUDIT TRUNCATE
CREATE RENAME UPDATE
DELETE REVOKE
DROP SELECT
You can also disable the following PL/SQL commands:
BEGIN DECLARE
25.角色控制：
Roles are created and used with the SQL CREATE, GRANT, and SET commands:
n To create a role, you use the CREATE command. You can create roles with or
without passwords.
n To grant access to roles, you use the GRANT command. In this way, you can
control who has access to the privileges associated with the role.
n To access roles, you use the SET ROLE command. If you created the role with a
password, the user must know the password in order to access the role.
26.不讓用戶在SQL*Plus中設置角色：
To prevent application users from accessing application roles in SQL*Plus, you can
use the PUP table to disable the SET ROLE command. You also need to disable the
BEGIN and SQL*Plus EXECUTE commands to prevent application users setting
application roles through a PL/SQL block. This allows a SQL*Plus user only those
privileges associated with the roles enabled when they started SQL*Plus.
27.禁用用戶權限：
To disable a role for a given user, insert a row in the PUP table containing the user’s
username in the Userid column, “ROLES” in the Attribute column, and the role
name in the Char_Value column.
Note: When you enter "PUBLIC" or "%" for the Userid column,
you disable the role for all users. You should only use "%" or
"PUBLIC" for roles which are granted to "PUBLIC". If you try to
disable a role that has not been granted to a user, none of the roles
for that user are disabled.
The Scope, Numeric_Value, and Date_Value columns should contain NULL. For
example:
PRODUCT USERID ATTRIBUTE SCOPE NUMERIC CHAR DATE
VALUE VALUE VALUE
------- ------ --------- ----- -------- ------ -----
SQL*Plus HR ROLES ROLE1
SQL*Plus PUBLIC ROLES ROLE2
During login, these table rows are translated into the command
SET ROLE ALL EXCEPT ROLE1, ROLE2
28.限制禁用：
Like the Product User Profile table, the RESTRICT option allows you to disable
certain commands that interact with the operating system. However, commands
disabled with the -RESTRICT option are disabled even when no connection to a
server exists, and remain disabled until SQL*Plus terminates.
The following table shows which commands are disabled in each restriction level.
Command Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
EDIT disabled disabled disabled
GET disabled
HOST disabled disabled disabled
SAVE disabled disabled
SPOOL disabled disabled
START disabled
STORE disabled disabled
29.連接isql*plus權限的種類：
9i：
There are three modes of access to iSQL*Plus:
n Connect as a normal user
Requires an Oracle Database account username and password entered in the
iSQL*Plus Login screen.
n Connect as a SYSDBA or SYSOPER privileged user
Requires an Oracle Database account username and password entered in the
iSQL*Plus DBA Login screen, and an Oracle HTTP Server authentication
username and password entered in a separate dialog.
n Generate the iSQL*Plus Server statistics report
Requires an Oracle HTTP Server authentication username and password
10g：
There are two modes of access to iSQL*Plus:
· Connect as a normal user.
Requires an Oracle Database account username and password entered in the iSQL*Plus Login screen.
· Connect as a SYSDBA or SYSOPER privileged user.
Requires an Oracle Database account username and password entered in the iSQL*Plus DBA Login screen, and an Application Server authentication username and password entered in a separate dialog.
30.