用wxpython製作啓動畫面。
資料收集階段：
https://wiki.wxpython.org/Customized%20splash%20screen%20%28Phoenix%29
這個裏面的例子很全，而且直接可用。主要問題在於，本文主要解決這些問題。
1）都是超過某個時間後，splash自動消失，而此時應用可能還沒有啓動完全。
2） splash界面上按鼠標左鍵 splash畫面直接退出。雖然已經將一些鼠標事件註釋掉，但還是不行。
3） spalsh 退出的出口不唯一，導致整個wx應用不能全部退出
4） 將應用到的圖像一起打包成exe並儘量壓縮。
採用的是其中一個代碼，目前和原始代碼相比，註釋掉了一部分。
如下這個帖子裏面實例了os.spawn的情況 https://wiki.wxpython.org/Splash%20screen%20while%20loading%20%28Phoenix%29
這個例子示例了最簡單的應用： https://dzone.com/
# sample_four.py
import os
import sys
import wx
from wx.adv import Animation, AnimationCtrl
# class MyFrame
# class MyCaptionBox
# class MyPanel
# class MySplash
# class MyApp
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class MyFrame(wx.Frame):
"""
...
"""
def __init__(self):
super(MyFrame, self).__init__(None,
-1,
title="")
#------------
# Return application name.
self.app_name = wx.GetApp().GetAppName()
# Return icons folder.
self.icons_dir = wx.GetApp().GetIconsDir()
#------------
# Simplified init method.
self.SetProperties()
self.CreateCtrls()
self.BindEvents()
self.DoLayout()
#------------
self.CenterOnScreen(wx.BOTH)
#------------
self.Show(True)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
def SetProperties(self):
"""
...
"""
self.SetTitle(self.app_name)
self.SetSize((340, 250))
#------------
# frameIcon = wx.Icon(os.path.join(self.icons_dir,
# "icon_wxWidgets.ico"),
# type=wx.BITMAP_TYPE_ICO)
# self.SetIcon(frameIcon)
def CreateCtrls(self):
"""
...
"""
# Create a panel.
self.panel = wx.Panel(self, -1)
#------------
# Add a buttons.
self.btnClose = wx.Button(self.panel,
-1,
"&Close")
def BindEvents(self):
"""
Bind some events to an events handler.
"""
# Bind events to an events handler.
self.Bind(wx.EVT_CLOSE, self.OnCloseWindow)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnCloseMe, self.btnClose)
def DoLayout(self):
"""
...
"""
# MainSizer is the top-level one that manages everything.
mainSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
# wx.BoxSizer(window, proportion, flag, border)
# wx.BoxSizer(sizer, proportion, flag, border)
mainSizer.Add(self.btnClose, 1, wx.EXPAND | wx.ALL, 10)
# Finally, tell the panel to use the sizer for layout.
self.panel.SetAutoLayout(True)
self.panel.SetSizer(mainSizer)
mainSizer.Fit(self.panel)
def OnCloseMe(self, event):
"""
...
"""
self.Close(True)
def OnCloseWindow(self, event):
"""
...
"""
self.Destroy()
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class MyCaptionBox(wx.Panel):
"""
...
"""
def __init__(self, parent, caption):
super(MyCaptionBox, self).__init__(parent,
style=wx.NO_BORDER |
wx.TAB_TRAVERSAL)
#------------
self.SetBackgroundColour("white")
#------------
# Attributes.
self._caption = caption
self._csizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
#------------
# Simplified init method.
self.BindEvents()
self.DoLayout()
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
def BindEvents(self):
"""
...
"""
# Bind events to an events handler.
self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.OnPaint)
def DoLayout(self):
"""
...
"""
msizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
self._csizer.AddSpacer(15) # Extra space for caption.
msizer.Add(self._csizer, 0, wx.EXPAND)
self.SetSizer(msizer)
def DoGetBestSize(self):
"""
...
"""
size = super(MyCaptionBox, self).DoGetBestSize()
# Compensate for wide caption labels.
tw = self.GetTextExtent(self._caption)[0]
size.SetWidth(max(size.width, tw))
return size
def AddItem(self, item):
"""
Add a window or sizer item to the caption box.
"""
self._csizer.Add(item, 0, wx.ALL, 10)
def OnPaint(self, event):
"""
Draws the Caption and border around the controls.
"""
dc = wx.BufferedPaintDC(self)
dc.SetBackground(wx.Brush(wx.Colour(255, 255, 255, 255)))
dc.Clear()
gcdc = wx.GCDC(dc)
dc.Clear()
# Get the working rectangle we can draw in.
rect = self.GetClientRect()
# Get the sytem color to draw the caption.
ss = wx.SystemSettings
color = ss.GetColour(wx.SYS_COLOUR_3DDKSHADOW)
gcdc.SetTextForeground(wx.BLACK)
# Draw the border.
rect.Inflate(-0, -0)
gcdc.SetPen(wx.Pen(color))
gcdc.SetBrush(wx.Brush(wx.Colour(52, 64, 80, 255)))
# Font size and style.
font = self.GetFont().GetPointSize()
font = wx.SystemSettings.GetFont(wx.SYS_DEFAULT_GUI_FONT)
font.SetWeight(wx.BOLD)
# Add the Caption.
rect = wx.Rect(rect.x, rect.y, rect.width, 20)
rect.Inflate(-5, 0)
gcdc.SetFont(font)
gcdc.DrawLabel(self._caption, rect, wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class MyPanel(wx.Panel):
"""
...
"""
def __init__(self, parent):
wx.Panel.__init__(self, parent)
#------------
self.SetBackgroundColour("white")
#------------
# Return bitmaps folder.
self.bitmaps_dir = wx.GetApp().GetBitmapsDir()
# Load a background bitmap.
self.bmp = wx.Bitmap(os.path.join(self.bitmaps_dir,
"gloss.png"),
type=wx.BITMAP_TYPE_PNG)
#------------
# Attributes.
self.box1 = MyCaptionBox(self, "Loading...")
#------------
# Pick the filename of an animated GIF file you have ...
# Give it the full path and file name.
animatedGif = Animation(os.path.join(self.bitmaps_dir,
"loader.gif"))
self.ag = AnimationCtrl(self.box1,
-1,
animatedGif)
# Clears the background.
self.ag.SetBackgroundColour(self.GetBackgroundColour())
# Continuously loop through the frames of
# the gif file (default).
self.ag.Play()
self.box1.AddItem(self.ag)
#------------
# Simplified init method.
self.BindEvents()
self.DoLayout()
#------------
self.SetClientSize((262, 282))
#self.SetClientSize((800, 534))
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
def BindEvents(self):
"""
...
"""
# Bind some events to an events handler.
self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.OnPaint)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_WINDOW_DESTROY, self.OnDestroy)
#如下已經 不和鼠標事件綁定，但是按左鍵還會退出。懷疑基類的默認行爲 。
# self.box1.Bind(wx.EVT_MOUSE_EVENTS, self.OnMouseEvents)
# self.ag.Bind(wx.EVT_MOUSE_EVENTS, self.OnMouseEvents)
def DoLayout(self):
"""
...
"""
hsizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
vsizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
#------------
# Add the box to the panel.
hsizer.AddStretchSpacer()
hsizer.Add(self.box1, 0, wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
vsizer.AddStretchSpacer(40)
vsizer.Add(hsizer, 0, wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
vsizer.AddStretchSpacer()
self.SetSizer(vsizer)
def OnPaint(self, event):
"""
...
"""
dc = wx.BufferedPaintDC(self)
dc.Clear()
gcdc = wx.GCDC(dc)
gcdc.Clear()
# Draw a bitmap with an alpha channel
# on top of the last group.
gcdc.DrawBitmap(self.bmp, 0, 0, False)
def OnMouseEvents(self, event):
"""
Handles the wx.EVT_MOUSE_EVENTS for AdvancedSplash.
This reproduces the behavior of wx.SplashScreen.
"""
if event.LeftDown() or event.RightDown():
splash = wx.GetApp().GetTopWindow()
#splash.OnClose(event)
event.Skip()
def OnDestroy(self, event):
"""
...
"""
event.Skip()
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class MySplash(wx.Frame):
"""
...
"""
def __init__(self):
#--------------
screen = wx.ScreenDC()
# Screen size.
ws, hs = screen.GetSize()
#------------
# Return bitmaps folder.
self.bitmaps_dir = wx.GetApp().GetBitmapsDir()
# Load a background bitmap.
self.bmp = wx.Bitmap(os.path.join(self.bitmaps_dir,
"gloss.png"),
type=wx.BITMAP_TYPE_PNG)
mask = wx.Mask(self.bmp, wx.RED)
self.bmp.SetMask(mask)
# Determine size of bitmap.
wi, hi = self.bmp.GetWidth(), self.bmp.GetHeight()
print("\n... Bitmap size : %sx%s px" % (wi, hi))
x = int((ws-wi)/2)
y = int((hs-hi)/2)
#--------------
super(MySplash, self).__init__(parent=None,
id=-1,
title="SplashScreen",
pos=(x, y),
size=(wi, hi),
style=wx.FRAME_SHAPED |
wx.BORDER_NONE |
wx.FRAME_NO_TASKBAR |
wx.STAY_ON_TOP)
#--------------
self.SetBackgroundColour("white")
#--------------
# Attributes.
self.SetTransparent(0)
self.opacity_in = 0
self.deltaN = -30
self.hasShape = False
#--------------
if wx.Platform != "__WXMAC__":
# wxMac clips the tooltip to the window shape, YUCK!!!
self.SetToolTip("Right-click to close the window\n"
"Double-click the image to set/unset the window shape")
if wx.Platform == "__WXGTK__":
# wxGTK requires that the window be created before you can
# set its shape, so delay the call to SetWindowShape until
# this event.
self.Bind(wx.EVT_WINDOW_CREATE, self.SetWindowShape)
else:
# On wxMSW and wxMac the window has already
# been created, so go for it.
self.SetWindowShape()
#--------------
#以下注釋掉，讓splash一直運行，不退出，具體退出的實際在實際應用加載完畢後。
# Starts the Timer. Once Expired, splash is Destroyed.
self.timer = wx.Timer(self)
# Simulate long startup time.
# self.timer.Start(4000)
# self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.TimeOut, self.timer)
#--------------
# Show main frame after 3000 ms.
# self.fc = wx.CallLater(3000, self.ShowMainFrame)
#--------------
self.CenterOnScreen(wx.BOTH)
self.Show(True)
#--------------
# Simplified init method.
self.OnTimerIn(self)
self.CreateCtrls()
self.DoLayout()
#--------------
print("\n... Display the splashScreen")
#--------------
self.SetClientSize((wi, hi))
wx.BeginBusyCursor()
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
def OnTimerIn(self, evt):
"""
Thanks to Pascal Faut.
"""
self.timer1 = wx.Timer(self, -1)
self.timer1.Start(1)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.AlphaCycle1, self.timer1)
print("Fade-in was launched.")
def AlphaCycle1(self, *args):
"""
Thanks to Pascal Faut.
"""
self.opacity_in += self.deltaN
if self.opacity_in <= 0:
self.deltaN = -self.deltaN
self.opacity_in = 0
if self.opacity_in >= 255:
self.deltaN = -self.deltaN
self.opacity_in = 255
self.timer1.Stop()
self.SetTransparent(self.opacity_in)
print("Fade in = {}/255".format(self.opacity_in))
def CreateCtrls(self):
"""
...
"""
self.panel = MyPanel(self)
def BindEvents(self):
"""
Bind all the events related to my app.
"""
# Bind some events to an events handler.
self.Bind(wx.EVT_CHAR, self.OnCharEvents)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_CLOSE, self.OnClose)
self.panel.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_DOWN, self.OnClose)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_CLOSE, self.CloseWindow)
def DoLayout(self):
"""
...
"""
sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
sizer.Add(self.panel, 1, wx.EXPAND, 20)
self.SetSizer(sizer)
def SetWindowShape(self, *evt):
"""
...
"""
# Use the bitmap's mask to determine the region.
r = wx.Region(self.bmp)
self.hasShape = self.SetShape(r)
def OnCharEvents(self, event):
"""
Handles the wx.EVT_CHAR for Splash.
This reproduces the behavior of wx.SplashScreen.
"""
self.OnClose(event)
def TimeOut(self, event):
"""
...
"""
self.Close(True)
def OnClose(self, event):
"""
Handles the wx.EVT_CLOSE event for SplashScreen.
"""
# Make sure the default handler runs
# too so this window gets destroyed.
# Tell the event system to continue
# looking for an event handler, so the
# default handler will get called.
# event.Skip() # ?????
self.Hide()
#------------
# If the timer is still running then go
# ahead and show the main frame now.
# if self.fc.IsRunning():
# # Stop the wx.CallLater timer.
# # Stop the splash screen timer
# # and close it.
# self.fc.Stop()
# self.ShowMainFrame()
def ShowMainFrame(self):
"""
...
"""
print("\n... Close the splash screen")
print("\n... Create and display the main frame")
#------------
wx.CallAfter(wx.EndBusyCursor)
#------------
if self.fc.IsRunning():
# Stop the splash screen
# timer and close it.
self.Raise()
#------------
# Create an instance of the MyFrame class.
frame = MyFrame()
def CloseWindow(self, event):
"""
...
"""
self.timer.Stop()
self.Destroy()
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class MyApp(wx.App):
"""
...
"""
def OnInit(self):
#------------
self.locale = wx.Locale(wx.LANGUAGE_ENGLISH)
#------------
self.SetAppName("Main frame")
#------------
self.installDir = os.path.split(os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0]))[0]
#------------
splash = MySplash()
splash.BindEvents()
splash.CenterOnScreen(wx.BOTH)
return True
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
def GetInstallDir(self):
"""
Returns the installation directory for my application.
"""
return self.installDir
def GetIconsDir(self):
"""
Returns the icons directory for my application.
"""
# icons_dir = os.path.join(self.installDir, "icons")
# return icons_dir
def GetBitmapsDir(self):
"""
Returns the bitmaps directory for my application.
"""
bitmaps_dir = os.path.join(self.installDir, "bitmaps")
return bitmaps_dir
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
def main():
app = MyApp(False)
app.MainLoop()
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == "__main__" :
main()