背景：MySQL 5.7.13 + 支持josn
本章先是JSON的查找操作，後半部分爲JSON更新查找；
接下來開始熟悉5.7.13版本後帶來的相關函數操作或者特性，本文章所包含的範圍沒有涉及到json的索引，有興趣的小夥伴可以分享下哦。
1、JSON_CONTAINS(target, candidate[, path])
表示從target的路徑path搜索candidate,如果j不存在path直接null，存在的話直接匹配，有爲1，沒有爲0.
如果$後面沒有跟具體的元素，
如'$'則表示當前json；使用'$[0]'則獲取數組json的第一個元素，'$[*]'獲取全部數組；
目前支持的形式有'$'、'$[N or *]'、'$[N or *][N or *].key'、'$**'（這個匹配所有路徑）示例：
mysql> SET @j = '{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": {"d": 4}}';
mysql> SET @j2 = '1';
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS(@j, @j2, '$.a');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS(@j, @j2, '$.a') |
+-------------------------------+
| 1 |
+-------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS(@j, @j2, '$.b');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS(@j, @j2, '$.b') |
+-------------------------------+
| 0 |
+-------------------------------+
2、JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(json_doc, one_or_all, path[, path] …)
one表示後面的路徑有一個或多個存在就返回1，否則爲0；
all表示後面的路徑都必須存在就返回1，否則就0；示例：
mysql> SET @j = '{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": {"d": 4}}';
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'one', '$.a', '$.e');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'one', '$.a', '$.e') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| 1 |
+---------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'all', '$.a', '$.e');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'all', '$.a', '$.e') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| 0 |
+---------------------------------------------+
3、JSON_EXTRACT(json_doc, path[, path] …)
EXTRACT表示從json_doc提取一個或多個path的值。示例：
mysql> SELECT JSON_EXTRACT('[10, 20, [30, 40]]', '$[1]');
+--------------------------------------------+
| JSON_EXTRACT('[10, 20, [30, 40]]', '$[1]') |
+--------------------------------------------+
| 20 |
+--------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_EXTRACT('[10, 20, [30, 40]]', '$[1]', '$[0]');
+----------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_EXTRACT('[10, 20, [30, 40]]', '$[1]', '$[0]') |
+----------------------------------------------------+
| [20, 10] |
+----------------------------------------------------+
創建一個帶有JSON字段的表：
mysql> CREATE TABLE tj10 (a JSON, b INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.26 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO tj10
> VALUES ("[3,10,5,17,44]", 33), ("[3,10,5,17,[22,44,66]]", 0);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> SELECT a->"$[4]" FROM tj10;
+--------------+
| a->"$[4]" |
+--------------+
| 44 |
| [22, 44, 66] |
+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4、column->path
除了JSON_EXTRACT這個可以提取JSON裏某個屬性，也可以採用column->path這種形式，可以說它們是等價的。示例：
mysql> SELECT c, JSON_EXTRACT(c, "$.id"), g
> FROM jemp
> WHERE JSON_EXTRACT(c, "$.id") > 1
> ORDER BY JSON_EXTRACT(c, "$.name");
+-------------------------------+-----------+------+
| c | c->"$.id" | g |
+-------------------------------+-----------+------+
| {"id": "3", "name": "Barney"} | "3" | 3 |
| {"id": "4", "name": "Betty"} | "4" | 4 |
| {"id": "2", "name": "Wilma"} | "2" | 2 |
+-------------------------------+-----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT c, c->"$.id", g
> FROM jemp
> WHERE c->"$.id" > 1
> ORDER BY c->"$.name";
+-------------------------------+-----------+------+
| c | c->"$.id" | g |
+-------------------------------+-----------+------+
| {"id": "3", "name": "Barney"} | "3" | 3 |
| {"id": "4", "name": "Betty"} | "4" | 4 |
| {"id": "2", "name": "Wilma"} | "2" | 2 |
5、column->>path
在使用column->path 這種形式獲取的元素是帶有雙引號的，現在有兩種方式去除這種引號，如column->>path 或者 JSON_UNQUOTE(column->path)。
示例：
mysql> SELECT * FROM jemp WHERE g > 2;
+-------------------------------+------+
| c | g |
+-------------------------------+------+
| {"id": "3", "name": "Barney"} | 3 |
| {"id": "4", "name": "Betty"} | 4 |
+-------------------------------+------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> SELECT c->'$.name' AS name
-> FROM jemp WHERE g > 2;
+----------+
| name |
+----------+
| "Barney" |
| "Betty" |
+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT JSON_UNQUOTE(c->'$.name') AS name
-> FROM jemp WHERE g > 2;
+--------+
| name |
+--------+
| Barney |
| Betty |
+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT c->>'$.name' AS name
-> FROM jemp WHERE g > 2;
+--------+
| name |
+--------+
| Barney |
| Betty |
+--------+
6、JSON_KEYS(json_doc[, path])
返回JSON的key，如果指定了path,不存在則返回null，存在就返回頂級key。示例：
mysql> SELECT JSON_KEYS('{"a": 1, "b": {"c": 30}}');
+---------------------------------------+
| JSON_KEYS('{"a": 1, "b": {"c": 30}}') |
+---------------------------------------+
| ["a", "b"] |
+---------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_KEYS('{"a": 1, "b": {"c": 30}}', '$.b');
+----------------------------------------------+
| JSON_KEYS('{"a": 1, "b": {"c": 30}}', '$.b') |
+----------------------------------------------+
| ["c"] |
+----------------------------------------------+
7、JSON_SEARCH(json_doc, one_or_all, search_str[, escape_char[, path] …])
One 表示查到第一個匹配到search_str的元素下標，all返回所有元素下標，這裏的下標是指：數組則是下標，map則是key；
如果沒有匹配到則返回null；search_str 使用% 進行模糊查詢；escape_char表示不需要查詢的字符串，如果需要使用到path且跳過該escape_char則使用null表示跳過，如果沒有提供search_str參數則返回null；
示例：
mysql> SET @j = '["abc", [{"k": "10"}, "def"], {"x":"abc"}, {"y":"bcd"}]';
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'one', 'abc');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'one', 'abc') |
+-------------------------------+
| "$[0]" |
+-------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'abc');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'abc') |
+-------------------------------+
| ["$[0]", "$[2].x"] |
+-------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'ghi');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'ghi') |
+-------------------------------+
| NULL |
+-------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10');
+------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10') |
+------------------------------+
| "$[1][0].k" |
+------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$');
+-----------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$') |
+-----------------------------------------+
| "$[1][0].k" |
+-----------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[*]');
+--------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[*]') |
+--------------------------------------------+
| "$[1][0].k" |
+--------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$**.k');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$**.k') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| "$[1][0].k" |
+---------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[*][0].k');
+-------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[*][0].k') |
+-------------------------------------------------+
| "$[1][0].k" |
+-------------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[1]');
+--------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[1]') |
+--------------------------------------------+
| "$[1][0].k" |
+--------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[1][0]');
+-----------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[1][0]') |
+-----------------------------------------------+
| "$[1][0].k" |
+-----------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'abc', NULL, '$[2]');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'abc', NULL, '$[2]') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| "$[2].x" |
+---------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%a%');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%a%') |
+-------------------------------+
| ["$[0]", "$[2].x"] |
+-------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%') |
+-------------------------------+
| ["$[0]", "$[2].x", "$[3].y"] |
+-------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[0]');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[0]') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| "$[0]" |
+---------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[2]');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[2]') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| "$[2].x" |
+---------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[1]');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[1]') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| NULL |
+---------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', '', '$[1]');
+-------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', '', '$[1]') |
+-------------------------------------------+
| NULL |
+-------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', '', '$[3]');
+-------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', '', '$[3]') |
+-------------------------------------------+
| "$[3].y" |
+-------------------------------------------+
接下來是關於JSON的更新查找
以下大部分操作需要校驗path的合法性，否則會出現錯誤。
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/json-modification-functions.html
1、JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] …)
若path是指向整個json那就插入該JSON的最後的位置，
若是帶有路徑形式則插入指定的下標及在該下標的元素添加後綴。
可以path，val形式進行相連添加
示例：
mysql> SET @j = '["a", ["b", "c"], "d"]';
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$[1]', 1);
+----------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$[1]', 1) |
+----------------------------------+
| ["a", ["b", "c", 1], "d"] |
+----------------------------------+
mysql> SET @j = '{"a": 1, "b": [2, 3], "c": 4}';
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$.b', 'x');
+------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$.b', 'x') |
+------------------------------------+
| {"a": 1, "b": [2, 3, "x"], "c": 4} |
+------------------------------------+
mysql> SET @j = '{"a": 1}';
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$', 'z');
+---------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_APPEND(@j, '$', 'z') |
+---------------------------------+
| [{"a": 1}, "z"] |
+---------------------------------+
2、JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] …)
首先會校驗json_doc是否是JSON，若任何參數爲Null則返回null；
在指定的路徑插入值，往後的路徑向後移;如果有多個path,val 則先執行前面的生成一個新的json後面的匹配path將不執行；示例：
mysql> SET @j = '["a", {"b": [1, 2]}, [3, 4]]';
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[1]', 'x');
+------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[1]', 'x') |
+------------------------------------+
| ["a", "x", {"b": [1, 2]}, [3, 4]] |
+------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[1].b[0]', 'x');
+-----------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_INSERT(@j, '$[1].b[0]', 'x') |
+-----------------------------------------+
| ["a", {"b": ["x", 1, 2]}, [3, 4]] |
+-----------------------------------------+
3、JSON_INSERT(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] …)
屬性檢驗json_doc合法性；如果json_doc的path存在，則不會覆蓋現有的值，
不存在的話就加入path-value，返回的是json_doc + path-val，原來的JSON不會變化
示例：
mysql> SET @j = '{ "a": 1, "b": [2, 3]}';
mysql> SELECT JSON_INSERT(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]');
+----------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_INSERT(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]') |
+----------------------------------------------------+
| {"a": 1, "b": [2, 3], "c": "[true, false]"} |
+----------------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_INSERT(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', CAST('[true, false]' AS JSON));
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_INSERT(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', CAST('[true, false]' AS JSON)) |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| {"a": 1, "b": [2, 3], "c": [true, false]} |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4、JSON_MERGE(json_doc, json_doc[, json_doc] …)
若參數爲Null則返回Null，合併多個JSON，也會校驗這些JSON。示例：
mysql> SELECT JSON_MERGE('[1, 2]', '[true, false]');
+---------------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE('[1, 2]', '[true, false]') |
+---------------------------------------+
| [1, 2, true, false] |
+---------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_MERGE('{"name": "x"}', '{"id": 47}');
+-------------------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE('{"name": "x"}', '{"id": 47}') |
+-------------------------------------------+
| {"id": 47, "name": "x"} |
+-------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_MERGE('[1, 2]', '{"id": 47}');
+------------------------------------+
| JSON_MERGE('[1, 2]', '{"id": 47}') |
+------------------------------------+
| [1, 2, {"id": 47}] |
+------------------------------------+
5、JSON_REMOVE(json_doc, path[, path] …)
參數不能爲Null，且校驗JSON；指定多個path，前面的先執行後變化的json_doc在執行後面一個path；
示例：
mysql> SET @j = '["a", ["b", "c"], "d"]';
mysql> SELECT JSON_REMOVE(@j, '$[1]');
+-------------------------+
| JSON_REMOVE(@j, '$[1]') |
+-------------------------+
| ["a", "d"] |
+-------------------------+
6、JSON_REPLACE(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] …)
參數不能爲Null，且JSON合法，path存在則覆蓋，不存在就不操作；
示例：
mysql> SET @j = '{ "a": 1, "b": [2, 3]}';
mysql> SELECT JSON_REPLACE(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]');
+-----------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_REPLACE(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]') |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
| {"a": 10, "b": [2, 3]} |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
7、JSON_SET(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] …)
參數不能爲Null，且JSON合法，若path存在則覆蓋，不存在則新增元素；示例：
mysql> SET @j = '{ "a": 1, "b": [2, 3]}';
mysql> SELECT JSON_SET(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]');
+-------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SET(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]') |
+-------------------------------------------------+
| {"a": 10, "b": [2, 3], "c": "[true, false]"} |
+-------------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_INSERT(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]');
+----------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_INSERT(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]') |
+----------------------------------------------------+
| {"a": 1, "b": [2, 3], "c": "[true, false]"} |
+----------------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_REPLACE(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]');
+-----------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_REPLACE(@j, '$.a', 10, '$.c', '[true, false]') |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
| {"a": 10, "b": [2, 3]} |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
8、JSON_UNQUOTE(json_val)
去除引用字符雙引號，及配合@@sql_mode = 'NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES'開啓或禁用 轉義字符示例：
mysql> SET @j = '"abc"';
mysql> SELECT @j, JSON_UNQUOTE(@j);
+-------+------------------+
| @j | JSON_UNQUOTE(@j) |
+-------+------------------+
| "abc" | abc |
+-------+------------------+
現在對轉義字符操作;
示例：
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