一個完整的mysql讀寫分離環境包括以下幾個部分:
· 應用程序client
· databaseproxy
· database集羣
在本次實戰中,應用程序client基於c3p0連接後端的database proxy。database proxy負責管理client實際訪問database的路由策略,採用開源框架amoeba。database集羣採用mysql的master-slave的replication方案。整個環境的結構圖如下所示:
實戰步驟與詳解
一.搭建mysql的master-slave環境
1)分別在host1(10.20.147.110)和host2(10.20.147.111)上安裝mysql(5.0.45),具體安裝方法可見官方文檔
2)配置master
首先編輯/etc/my.cnf,添加以下配置:
log-bin=mysql-bin#slave會基於此log-bin來做replication
server-id=1 #master的標示
binlog-do-db = amoeba_study #用於master-slave的具體數據庫
然後添加專門用於replication的用戶:
mysql> GRANTREPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO [email protected] IDENTIFIED BY '111111';
重啓mysql,使得配置生效:
/etc/init.d/mysqldrestart
最後查看master狀態:
3)配置slave
首先編輯/etc/my.cnf,添加以下配置:
server-id=2 #slave的標示
配置生效後,配置與master的連接:
mysql> CHANGEMASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='10.20.147.110',
-> MASTER_USER='repl',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='111111',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=161261;
其中MASTER_HOST是master機的ip,MASTER_USER和MASTER_PASSWORD就是我們剛纔在master上添加的用戶,MASTER_LOG_FILE和MASTER_LOG_POS對應與master status裏的信息
最後啓動slave:
mysql> startslave;
4)驗證master-slave搭建生效
通過查看slave機的log(/var/log/mysqld.log):
100703 10:51:42[Note] Slave I/O thread: connected to master '[email protected]:3306', replication started in log 'mysql-bin.000003' at position 161261
如看到以上信息則證明搭建成功,如果有問題也可通過此log找原因
二.搭建database proxy
此次實戰中database proxy採用amoeba ,它的相關信息可以查閱官方文檔,不在此詳述
1)安裝amoeba
下載amoeba(1.2.0-GA)後解壓到本地(D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA),即完成安裝
2)配置amoeba
先配置proxy連接和與各後端mysql服務器連接信息(D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA\conf\amoeba.xml):
1. <server>
2. <!-- proxy server綁定的端口 -->
3. <property name="port">8066</property>
4.
5. <!-- proxy server綁定的IP -->
6. <!--
7. <property name="ipAddress">127.0.0.1</property>
8. -->
9. <!-- proxy server net IO Read thread size -->
10. <property name="readThreadPoolSize">20</property>
11.
12. <!-- proxy server client process thread size -->
13. <property name="clientSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>
14.
15. <!-- mysql server data packet process thread size -->
16. <property name="serverSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>
17.
18. <!-- socket Send and receive BufferSize(unit:K) -->
19. <property name="netBufferSize">128</property>
20.
21. <!-- Enable/disable TCP_NODELAY (disable/enable Nagle's algorithm). -->
22. <property name="tcpNoDelay">true</property>
23.
24. <!-- 對外驗證的用戶名 -->
25. <property name="user">root</property>
26.
27. <!-- 對外驗證的密碼 -->
28. <property name="password">root</property>
29. </server>
以上是proxy提供給client的連接配置
1. <dbServerList>
2. <dbServer name="server1">
3. <!-- PoolableObjectFactory實現類 -->
4. <factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">
5. <property name="manager">defaultManager</property>
6.
7. <!-- 真實mysql數據庫端口 -->
8. <property name="port">3306</property>
9.
10. <!-- 真實mysql數據庫IP -->
11. <property name="ipAddress">10.20.147.110</property>
12. <property name="schema">amoeba_study</property>
13.
14. <!-- 用於登陸mysql的用戶名 -->
15. <property name="user">root</property>
16.
17. <!-- 用於登陸mysql的密碼 -->
18. <property name="password"></property>
19.
20. </factoryConfig>
21.
22. <!-- ObjectPool實現類 -->
23. <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">
24. <property name="maxActive">200</property>
25. <property name="maxIdle">200</property>
26. <property name="minIdle">10</property>
27. <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>
28. <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>
29. <property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>
30. <property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>
31. </poolConfig>
32. </dbServer>
33. <dbServer name="server2">
34.
35. <!-- PoolableObjectFactory實現類 -->
36. <factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">
37. <property name="manager">defaultManager</property>
38.
39. <!-- 真實mysql數據庫端口 -->
40. <property name="port">3306</property>
41.
42. <!-- 真實mysql數據庫IP -->
43. <property name="ipAddress">10.20.147.111</property>
44. <property name="schema">amoeba_study</property>
45.
46. <!-- 用於登陸mysql的用戶名 -->
47. <property name="user">root</property>
48.
49. <!-- 用於登陸mysql的密碼 -->
50. <property name="password"></property>
51.
52. </factoryConfig>
53.
54. <!-- ObjectPool實現類 -->
55. <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">
56. <property name="maxActive">200</property>
57. <property name="maxIdle">200</property>
58. <property name="minIdle">10</property>
59. <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>
60. <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>
61. <property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>
62. <property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>
63. </poolConfig>
64. </dbServer>
65. </dbServerList>
以上是proxy與後端各mysql數據庫服務器配置信息,具體配置見註釋很明白了
最後配置讀寫分離策略:
1. <queryRouter class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.parser.MysqlQueryRouter">
2. <property name="LRUMapSize">1500</property>
3. <property name="defaultPool">server1</property>
4. <property name="writePool">server1</property>
5. <property name="readPool">server2</property>
6. <property name="needParse">true</property>
7. </queryRouter>
從以上配置不然發現,寫操作路由到server1(master),讀操作路由到server2(slave)
3)啓動amoeba
在命令行裏運行D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA\amoeba.bat即可:
log4j:WARN log4jconfig load completed from file:D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA\conf\log4j.xml
log4j:WARN ip access config load completed fromfile:D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/conf/access_list.conf
2010-07-03 09:55:33,821 INFO net.ServerableConnectionManager - Serverlistening on 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8066.
三.client端調用與測試
1)編寫client調用程序
具體程序細節就不詳述了,只是一個最普通的基於mysql driver的jdbc的數據庫操作程序
2)配置數據庫連接
本client基於c3p0,具體數據源配置如下:
1. <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"
2. destroy-method="close">
3. <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
4. <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:8066/amoeba_study" />
5. <property name="user" value="root" />
6. <property name="password" value="root" />
7. <property name="minPoolSize" value="1" />
8. <property name="maxPoolSize" value="1" />
9. <property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800" />
10. <property name="acquireIncrement" value="1" />
11. <property name="maxStatements" value="0" />
12. <property name="initialPoolSize" value="1" />
13. <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="1800" />
14. <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="6" />
15. <property name="acquireRetryDelay" value="1000" />
16. <property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false" />
17. <property name="testConnectionOnCheckout" value="true" />
18. <property name="testConnectionOnCheckin" value="false" />
19. </bean>
值得注意是,client端只需連到proxy,與實際的數據庫沒有任何關係,因此jdbcUrl、user、password配置都對應於amoeba暴露出來的配置信息
3)調用與測試
首先插入一條數據:insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(20003,'name_20003')
通過查看master機上的日誌/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log:
10070311:58:42 1Query set names latin1
1 Query SET NAMES latin1
1 Query SET character_set_results = NULL
1 Query SHOW VARIABLES
1 Query SHOW COLLATION
1 Query SET autocommit=1
1 Query SET sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES'
1 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'tx_isolation'
1 Query SHOW FULL TABLES FROM`amoeba_study` LIKE 'PROBABLYNOT'
1 Prepare [1] insert into zone_by_id(id,name)values(?,?)
1 Prepare [2] insert into zone_by_id(id,name)values(?,?)
1 Execute [2] insert into zone_by_id(id,name)values(20003,'name_20003')
得知寫操作發生在master機上
通過查看slave機上的日誌/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log:
10070311:58:42 2Query insert into zone_by_id(id,name)values(20003,'name_20003')
得知slave同步執行了這條語句
然後查一條數據:select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = 20003
通過查看slave機上的日誌/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log:
10070312:02:00 33Query set names latin1
33 Prepare [1] select t.name from zone_by_id t wheret.id = ?
33 Prepare [2] select t.name from zone_by_id t wheret.id = ?
33 Execute [2] select t.name from zone_by_id t wheret.id = 20003
得知讀操作發生在slave機上
並且通過查看slave機上的日誌/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log發現這條語句沒在master上執行
通過以上驗證得知簡單的master-slave搭建和實戰得以生效