Sql與Mongodb 查詢映射圖

SQL to MongoDB Mapping Chart

In addition to the charts that follow, you might want to consider theFrequently Asked Questions section for a selection of common questions about MongoDB.

Executables

The following table presents the MySQL/Oracle executables and thecorresponding MongoDB executables.

  MySQL/Oracle MongoDB
Database Server mysqld/oracle mongod
Database Client mysql/sqlplus mongo

Terminology and Concepts

The following table presents the various SQL terminology and conceptsand the corresponding MongoDB terminology and concepts.

SQL Terms/Concepts MongoDB Terms/Concepts
database database
table collection
row document orBSON document
column field
index index
table joins embedded documents and linking

primary key

Specify any unique column or column combination as primarykey.

primary key

In MongoDB, the primary key is automatically set to the_id field.

aggregation (e.g. group by)

aggregation framework

See the SQL to Aggregation Framework Mapping Chart.

Examples

The following table presents the various SQL statements and thecorresponding MongoDB statements. The examples in the table assume thefollowing conditions:

  • The SQL examples assume a table named users.

  • The MongoDB examples assume a collection named users that containdocuments of the following prototype:

    {
      _id: ObjectID("509a8fb2f3f4948bd2f983a0"),
      user_id: "abc123",
      age: 55,
      status: 'A'
    }
    

Create and Alter

The following table presents the various SQL statements related totable-level actions and the corresponding MongoDB statements.

SQL Schema Statements MongoDB Schema Statements Reference
CREATE TABLE users (
    id MEDIUMINT NOT NULL
        AUTO_INCREMENT,
    user_id Varchar(30),
    age Number,
    status char(1),
    PRIMARY KEY (id)
)

Implicitly created on first insert operation. The primary key_idis automatically added if_id field is not specified.

db.users.insert( {
    user_id: "abc123",
    age: 55,
    status: "A"
 } )

However, you can also explicitly create a collection:

db.createCollection("users")
Seeinsert() andcreateCollection()for more information.
ALTER TABLE users
ADD join_date DATETIME

Collections do not describe or enforce the structure of itsdocuments; i.e. there is no structural alteration at thecollection level.

However, at the document level, update() operations can add fields to existingdocuments using the$set operator.

db.users.update(
    { },
    { $set: { join_date: new Date() } },
    { multi: true }
)
See the Data Modeling Considerations for MongoDB Applications, update(), and$set for moreinformation on changing the structure of documents in acollection.
ALTER TABLE users
DROP COLUMN join_date

Collections do not describe or enforce the structure of itsdocuments; i.e. there is no structural alteration at the collectionlevel.

However, at the document level, update() operations can remove fields fromdocuments using the$unset operator.

db.users.update(
    { },
    { $unset: { join_date: "" } },
    { multi: true }
)
See Data Modeling Considerations for MongoDB Applications, update(), and$unset for moreinformation on changing the structure of documents in acollection.
CREATE INDEX idx_user_id_asc
ON users(user_id)
db.users.ensureIndex( { user_id: 1 } )
See ensureIndex()andindexes for more information.
CREATE INDEX
       idx_user_id_asc_age_desc
ON users(user_id, age DESC)
db.users.ensureIndex( { user_id: 1, age: -1 } )
See ensureIndex()andindexes for more information.
DROP TABLE users
db.users.drop()
See drop() formore information.

Insert

The following table presents the various SQL statements related toinserting records into tables and the corresponding MongoDB statements.

SQL INSERT Statements MongoDB insert() Statements Reference
INSERT INTO users(user_id,
                  age,
                  status)
VALUES ("bcd001",
        45,
        "A")
db.users.insert( {
       user_id: "bcd001",
       age: 45,
       status: "A"
} )
See insert() for more information.

Select

The following table presents the various SQL statements related toreading records from tables and the corresponding MongoDB statements.

SQL SELECT Statements MongoDB find() Statements Reference
SELECT *
FROM users
db.users.find()
See find()for more information.
SELECT id, user_id, status
FROM users
db.users.find(
    { },
    { user_id: 1, status: 1 }
)
See find()for more information.
SELECT user_id, status
FROM users
db.users.find(
    { },
    { user_id: 1, status: 1, _id: 0 }
)
See find()for more information.
SELECT *
FROM users
WHERE status = "A"
db.users.find(
    { status: "A" }
)
See find()for more information.
SELECT user_id, status
FROM users
WHERE status = "A"
db.users.find(
    { status: "A" },
    { user_id: 1, status: 1, _id: 0 }
)
See find()for more information.
SELECT *
FROM users
WHERE status != "A"
db.users.find(
    { status: { $ne: "A" } }
)
See find()and$ne for more information.
SELECT *
FROM users
WHERE status = "A"
AND age = 50
db.users.find(
    { status: "A",
      age: 50 }
)
See find()and$and for more information.
SELECT *
FROM users
WHERE status = "A"
OR age = 50
db.users.find(
    { $or: [ { status: "A" } ,
             { age: 50 } ] }
)
See find()and$or for more information.
SELECT *
FROM users
WHERE age > 25
db.users.find(
    { age: { $gt: 25 } }
)
See find()and$gt for more information.
SELECT *
FROM users
WHERE age < 25
db.users.find(
   { age: { $lt: 25 } }
)
See find()and$lt for more information.
SELECT *
FROM users
WHERE age > 25
AND   age <= 50
db.users.find(
   { age: { $gt: 25, $lte: 50 } }
)
See find(),$gt, and $lte formore information.
SELECT *
FROM users
WHERE user_id like "%bc%"
db.users.find(
   { user_id: /bc/ }
)
See find()and$regex for more information.
SELECT *
FROM users
WHERE user_id like "bc%"
db.users.find(
   { user_id: /^bc/ }
)
See find()and$regex for more information.
SELECT *
FROM users
WHERE status = "A"
ORDER BY user_id ASC
db.users.find( { status: "A" } ).sort( { user_id: 1 } )
See find()andsort()for more information.
SELECT *
FROM users
WHERE status = "A"
ORDER BY user_id DESC
db.users.find( { status: "A" } ).sort( { user_id: -1 } )
See find()andsort()for more information.
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM users
db.users.count()

or

db.users.find().count()
See find()andcount() formore information.
SELECT COUNT(user_id)
FROM users
db.users.count( { user_id: { $exists: true } } )

or

db.users.find( { user_id: { $exists: true } } ).count()
See find(),count(), and$exists for more information.
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM users
WHERE age > 30
db.users.count( { age: { $gt: 30 } } )

or

db.users.find( { age: { $gt: 30 } } ).count()
See find(),count(), and$gt for more information.
SELECT DISTINCT(status)
FROM users
db.users.distinct( "status" )
See find()anddistinct()for more information.
SELECT *
FROM users
LIMIT 1
db.users.findOne()

or

db.users.find().limit(1)
See find(),findOne(),andlimit()for more information.
SELECT *
FROM users
LIMIT 5
SKIP 10
db.users.find().limit(5).skip(10)
See find(),limit(), andskip() formore information.
EXPLAIN SELECT *
FROM users
WHERE status = "A"
db.users.find( { status: "A" } ).explain()
See find()andexplain()for more information.

Update Records

The following table presents the various SQL statements related toupdating existing records in tables and the corresponding MongoDBstatements.

SQL Update Statements MongoDB update() Statements Reference
UPDATE users
SET status = "C"
WHERE age > 25
db.users.update(
   { age: { $gt: 25 } },
   { $set: { status: "C" } },
   { multi: true }
)
See update(),$gt, and $set for moreinformation.
UPDATE users
SET age = age + 3
WHERE status = "A"
db.users.update(
   { status: "A" } ,
   { $inc: { age: 3 } },
   { multi: true }
)
See update(),$inc, and $set for moreinformation.

Delete Records

The following table presents the various SQL statements related todeleting records from tables and the corresponding MongoDB statements.

SQL Delete Statements MongoDB remove() Statements Reference
DELETE FROM users
WHERE status = "D"
db.users.remove( { status: "D" } )
See remove()for more information.
DELETE FROM users
db.users.remove( )
See remove()for more information.

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