MySQL安裝部署
- 系統：CentOS 6.5 64位
- Java：jdk-8u45-linux-x64.gz
- MySQL：mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
一、初始化
先刪一波文件夾，否則可能出現提示文件夾已存在無法建立的情況
rm -rf /usr/java /usr/local/mysql /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
假設如果是需要重新部署的話，按照以下操作
a)
rm -rf $MYSQL_HOME/arch/* # binlog日誌 可以用來恢復數據或者主從同步
rm -rf $MYSQL_HOME/data/* # 數據
b)
$MYSQL_HOME/scripts/mysql_install_db \
--user=mysqladmin \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
二、Java安裝
a.切換到root用戶
mv jdk-8u45-linux-x64.gz /usr/java
cd /usr/java
chown -R root:root jdk1.8.0_45/ #填坑 重要
b.配置系統環境變量
vi /etc/profile
# 環境變量
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_45
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$RZDATA_HOME/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile # 激活環境變量配置
java -version #驗證java版本
三、MySQL安裝
a.檢查是否安裝過MySQL
[root@alter local]# ps -ef|grep mysqld
root 2493 2423 0 19:48 pts/3 00:00:00 grep mysqld
[root@alter local]# rpm -qa |grep -i mysql
b.創建並重命名
[root@alter local]# tar xzvf mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz #解壓
[root@alter local]# mv mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql
c.創建組和用戶
[root@alter local]# groupadd -g 101 dba
[root@alter local]# useradd -u 514 -g dba -G root -d /usr/local/mysql mysqladmin
[root@alter local]# id mysqladmin
uid=514(mysqladmin) gid=101(dba) groups=101(dba),0(root)
== 如果出現以下問題：==
if user mysqladmin is existing,please execute the following command of usermod.
[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 local]# usermod -u 514 -g dba -G root -d /usr/local/mysql mysqladmin
解決方法：
copy 環境變量配置文件至mysqladmin用戶的home目錄中,爲了以下步驟配置個人環境變量
[root@alter local]# cp /etc/skel/.* /usr/local/mysql
cp: omitting directory `/etc/skel/.'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/skel/..'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/skel/.mozilla'
d.創建MySQL配置文件
默認配置文件查找順序
defualt start: /etc/my.cnf->/etc/mysql/my.cnf->SYSCONFDIR/my.cnf->$MYSQL_HOME/my.cnf-> --defaults-extra-file->~/my.cnf
[root@alter mysql]# cd /etc/
[root@alter etc]# touch my.cnf
[root@alter etc]# vi my.cnf
創建好的my.cnf內會自動生成內容，先把裏面內容清空
my.cnf配置內容
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
query_cache_size= 32M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=128M
tmp_table_size=32M
table_open_cache = 512
thread_cache_size = 8
wait_timeout = 86400
interactive_timeout = 86400
max_connections = 600
# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 32
#isolation level and default engine
default-storage-engine = INNODB
transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED
server-id = 1
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.pid
#open performance schema
log-warnings
sysdate-is-now
binlog_format = MIXED
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
log-error = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/arch/mysql-bin
#other logs
#general_log =1
#general_log_file = /usr/local/mysql/data/general_log.err
#slow_query_log=1
#slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/data/slow_log.err
#for replication slave
#log-slave-updates
#sync_binlog = 1
#for innodb options
innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:500M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/arch
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_log_file_size = 200M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M # 默認爲2048，因爲影響性能問題改爲1024
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 50M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 100
#innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1
#innodb io features: add for mysql5.5.8
performance_schema
innodb_read_io_threads=4
innodb-write-io-threads=4
innodb-io-capacity=200
#purge threads change default(0) to 1 for purge
innodb_purge_threads=1
innodb_use_native_aio=on
#case-sensitive file names and separate tablespace
innodb_file_per_table = 1
lower_case_table_names=1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
e.第一次安裝修改權限
[root@alter local]# chown mysqladmin:dba /etc/my.cnf
[root@alter local]# chmod 640 /etc/my.cnf
[root@alter etc]# ll my.cnf
-rw-r----- 1 mysqladmin dba 2201 Aug 25 23:09 my.cnf
[root@alter local]# chown -R mysqladmin:dba /usr/local/mysql
[root@alter local]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql
[root@alter local]# su - mysqladmin
[mysqladmin@alter ~]$ pwd
/usr/local/mysql
# 創建binlog文件
[mysqladmin@alter ~]$ mkdir arch
[mysqladmin@alter ~]$ scripts/mysql_install_db ###import
Installing MySQL system tables..../bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory #缺少libaio.so 包
[root@alter local]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.18-164.11.1.el5 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-46)) #1 SMP Wed Jan 20 07:32:21 EST 2010
[root@alter local]# rpm -qa |grep gcc
libgcc-4.1.2-46.el5_4.2
libgcc-4.1.2-46.el5_4.2
[root@alter local]# yum -y install libaio
#Again install
[mysqladmin@alter ~]$ scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysqladmin --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
f.設置開機自啓動
[root@alter ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
#將服務文件拷貝到init.d下，並重命名爲mysql
[root@alter mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
#賦予可執行權限
[root@alter mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
#刪除服務
[root@alter mysql]# chkconfig --del mysql
#添加服務
[root@alter mysql]# chkconfig --add mysql
[root@alter mysql]# chkconfig mysql on
[root@alter mysql]# vi /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh
#
# This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.
# You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't
# want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
su - mysqladmin -c "/etc/init.d/mysql start --federated"
g.啓動MySQL並查看進程
[root@alter mysql]# su - mysqladmin
[mysqladmin@alter-01 ~]$ pwd
/usr/local/mysql
[mysqladmin@alter ~]$ rm -rf my.cnf
# 配置MySQL本地環境變量
vi .bash_profile
export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=$MYSQL_HOME/bin:$PATH
[mysqladmin@alter ~]$ mysqld_safe &
[1] 11802
[mysqladmin@alter ~]$ 150825 22:53:38 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err'.
150825 22:53:38 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data/
150825 22:53:39 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.pid ended
# 按回車 直接後臺了
[mysqladmin@alter ~]$
[mysqladmin@alter ~]$ ps -ef|grep mysqld
514 6247 6219 0 17:30 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
514 6902 6247 2 17:30 pts/1 00:00:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.pid --socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock --port=3306
514 6927 6219 0 17:31 pts/1 00:00:00 grep mysqld
[mysqladmin@alter ~]$ netstat -tulnp | grep mysql
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 11541/mysqld
[root@alter local]# service mysql status
MySQL running (21507) [ OK ]
h.登錄MySQL
[mysqladmin@alter ~]$ mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
i.設置MySQL登錄賬號和密碼
剛安裝完的時候首次登錄是空密碼的，另外有可能產生空密碼登錄後查詢不到默認的mysql數據庫
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
先以賬號密碼方式登錄，注意第一次讓輸入密碼直接回車，之後設置完登錄密碼之後即可解決沒有默認mysql數據庫的問題
[mysqladmin@192 ~]$ mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> select user,password,host from user;
+------+----------+-----------------+
| user | password | host |
+------+----------+-----------------+
| root | | localhost |
| root | | 192.168.191.130 |
| root | | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | | ::1 |
| | | localhost |
| | | 192.168.191.130 |
+------+----------+-----------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update user set password=password('123456') where user='root';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+-----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host | user | password |
+-----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| 192.168.191.130 | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| ::1 | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| localhost | | |
| 192.168.191.130 | | |
+-----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from user where user='';
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+-----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host | user | password |
+-----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| 192.168.191.130 | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| ::1 | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
+-----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
以阿里雲服務器爲例，如果遠程訪問注意開放3306端口，默認是關閉狀態
遠程訪問時出現以下問題：
Access denied for user ‘alter’@’%’ to database ‘alterdb’ Access denied for user ‘alter’@’%’ to datab
解決方案