IDEA使用SpringCloud構建微服務項目

概覽：
父工程：
Blog
子工程：
register-server 註冊中心，服務的提供方和消費方都要進行註冊
producer 服務的提供方
consumer 服務的消費方

1.建立父工程：

新建一個Maven項目


這個項目中只需要對依賴進行配置，pom文件做一些修改：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<!--這裏是項目創建後根據你的填寫生成的，後面所有的子項目依賴時會用到-->
    <groupId>com.hbut</groupId>
    <artifactId>Blog</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <name>Blog</name>
    <description>root project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <!--SpringCloud SR1版本和SpringBoot2.1.x版本相匹配-->
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

<!--填寫它的模塊，後面依賴它的都在這裏申明-->
    <modules>
        <module>register-server</module>
        <module>producer</module>
        <module>consumer</module>
    </modules>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

2.建立服務註冊中心

在Blog中創建SpringBoot項目——register-server
在項目上右鍵選擇：


修改pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.hbut.server</groupId>
    <artifactId>register-server</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>register-server</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.hbut</groupId>
        <artifactId>Blog</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
    <!--服務註冊、消費的依賴-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

修改application.properties

#註冊中心服務ID
spring.application.name=register-server
#端口號
server.port=8800
# eureka.client.registerWithEureka ：表示是否將自己註冊到Eureka Server，默認爲true。
# 由於當前這個應用就是Eureka Server，故而設爲false
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
# eureka.client.fetchRegistry ：表示是否從Eureka Server獲取註冊信息，默認爲true。因爲這是一個單點的Eureka Server，
# 不需要同步其他的Eureka Server節點的數據，故而設爲false。
eureka.client.fetch-registry=false
# eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone ：設置與Eureka Server交互的地址，查詢服務和註冊服務都需要依賴這個地址。默認是
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8800/eureka/

在啓動類上加上註解@EnableEurekaServer

@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class RegisterServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RegisterServerApplication.class, args);
    }

}

3.建立服務提供方

創建方式同2，項目名爲producer。
pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.hbut</groupId>
    <artifactId>producer</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>producer</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.hbut</groupId>
        <artifactId>Blog</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
            <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.properties:

#服務名稱
spring.application.name=producer
#端口號
server.port=8700
#在註冊中心中進行註冊
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8800/eureka/
#啓動服務發現的功能，開啓了才能調用其它服務
spring.cloud.config.discovery.enabled=true
#發現的服務的名字--對應注測中心的服務名字
spring.cloud.config.discovery.serviceId=register-server

啓動類上加上註解@EnableEurekaClient

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ProducerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProducerApplication.class, args);
    }

}

寫一個測試的controller：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class MessageController {

    @Value("${server.port}")
    String port;

    @GetMapping("/get")
    public String getMessage(@RequestParam("name")String name){
        return "Hi " + name + " ,I am from port:" + port;
    }

}

4.建立服務消費方

創建方式同2，項目名爲consumer。
pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.hbut</groupId>
    <artifactId>consumer</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>consumer</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.hbut</groupId>
        <artifactId>Blog</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.properties:

#服務名稱
spring.application.name=consumer
#端口號
server.port=8600
#在註冊中心中進行註冊
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8800/eureka/

啓動類中添加註解和代碼：

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ConsumerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }
    
	//使用負載均衡機制
    @LoadBalanced 
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}

測試controller：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
public class MessageController {

    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/show")
    public String showMessage(@RequestParam String name){
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://producer/get?name="+name, String.class);
    }

}

5.測試

首先啓動註冊中心register-server
訪問http://localhost:8800
啓動服務提供方producer：
訪問http://localhost:8700/get?name=dsy

啓動服務消費方consumer：
訪問http://localhost:8600/show?name=dsy

服務提供消費成功！

注意：springboot和springcloud的版本需要對應上：