@author StormMa
@date 2017-06-12
生命不息,奮鬥不止!
Python的collections模塊在基礎數據類型的基礎上,提供了幾個額外的數據類型:namedtuple, defaultdict, deque, Counter, OrderedDict等,其中defaultdict和namedtuple是兩個很實用的擴展類型。我一貫的風格就是學一個數據類型,就想去看看源碼,雖然看不太懂,但是總比不看的強,之前java的集合源碼閱讀也是基於這樣一個目的。今天就從使用和源碼的角度來看一下namedtuple。
namedtuple是繼承自tuple的子類。namedtuple創建一個和tuple類似的對象,而且對象擁有可訪問的屬性。
定義namedtuple
類的聲明
class NamedTuple(tuple):
_fields = ... # type: Tuple[str, ...]
def __init__(self, typename: str, fields: Iterable[Tuple[str, Any]], *,
verbose: bool = ..., rename: bool = ..., module: Any = ...) -> None: ...
@classmethod
def _make(cls, iterable: Iterable[Any]) -> NamedTuple: ...
def _asdict(self) -> dict: ...
def _replace(self, **kwargs: Any) -> NamedTuple: ...
定義一個namedtuple的User類型
User = collections.namedtuple('User', ['age', 'name'])
或者
User = collections.namedtuple('User', 'age, name')
或者
User = collections.namedtuple('User', 'age name')
對應源碼
def namedtuple(typename, field_names, verbose=False, rename=False):
"""Returns a new subclass of tuple with named fields.
>>> Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])
>>> Point.__doc__ # docstring for the new class
'Point(x, y)'
>>> p = Point(11, y=22) # instantiate with positional args or keywords
>>> p[0] + p[1] # indexable like a plain tuple
33
>>> x, y = p # unpack like a regular tuple
>>> x, y
(11, 22)
>>> p.x + p.y # fields also accessable by name
33
>>> d = p._asdict() # convert to a dictionary
>>> d['x']
11
>>> Point(**d) # convert from a dictionary
Point(x=11, y=22)
>>> p._replace(x=100) # _replace() is like str.replace() but targets named fields
Point(x=100, y=22)
"""
# Validate the field names. At the user's option, either generate an error
# message or automatically replace the field name with a valid name.
if isinstance(field_names, str):
field_names = field_names.replace(',', ' ').split()
field_names = list(map(str, field_names))
創建對象
user = User = (21, 'StormMa')
或者
user = User(age=21, name='StormMa')
或者
user = User._make([21, 'name'])
屬性訪問
# 年齡
user.age
# 姓名
user.name
轉換成字典
user_dict = user._asdict()
# 訪問
user_dict['name']
user_dict['age']
替換屬性值
user2 = user._replace(age=20)
本文來自我的個人站點: http://blog.stormma.me,轉載請註明出處!