Python Tkinter 哲學家問題可視化
學校的課設總算是告一段落，現在有時間分享一下代碼和心得了。這次的文章是迴應之前的雛形版代碼的，這次的可是完全版哦。
我們先來看一下效果吧！
效果總歸還行吧，代碼也比較簡短，只有170行。再此推薦你看我之前關於這個題目的文章，接下來我直接代碼講解了。
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
#print('資源加載中，稍等片刻……')
from tkinter import *
from PIL import Image,ImageTk
from threading import Thread,Lock
from time import sleep
from random import randint
"""哲學家類"""
class Philosopher(Thread):
def __init__(self, index,forks,numForks,labels):
Thread.__init__(self)
self.index = index
self.forks=forks
self.numForks=numForks
self.rightFork = forks[self.index]
self.leftFork = forks[(self.index + 1) % numForks]
self.bm_thinking=ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open('img/thinking.png').resize((150,150),Image.ANTIALIAS))
self.bm_eating=ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open('img/eating.png').resize((150,150),Image.ANTIALIAS))
self.bm_waiting=ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open('img/waiting.png').resize((150,150),Image.ANTIALIAS))
self.bm_another=ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open('img/another.png').resize((150,150),Image.ANTIALIAS))
def run(self):
while True:
self.thinking()
self.hungry()
while True:
sleep(0.5)
if hobby.get()==True:#獲取按鈕的狀態
self.leftFork.pickup()
labels[self.index].configure(image=self.bm_another)
labels[self.index].image=self.bm_another
text.insert(END,"Philosopher %s pick up left Fork.\n"%(self.index))
sleep(0.5)
self.rightFork.pickup()
text.insert(END,"Philosopher %s pick up right Fork.\n"%(self.index))
self.dining()
self.leftFork.putdown()
text.insert(END,"Philosopher %s put down left Fork.\n"%(self.index))
self.rightFork.putdown()
text.insert(END,"Philosopher %s put down right Fork.\n"%(self.index))
break
else:
if self.leftFork.use==False:
if self.rightFork.use==False:
self.leftFork.pickup()
text.insert(END,"Philosopher %s pick up left Fork.\n"%(self.index))
self.rightFork.pickup()
text.insert(END,"Philosopher %s pick up right Fork.\n"%(self.index))
self.dining()
self.leftFork.putdown()
text.insert(END,"Philosopher %s put down left Fork.\n"%(self.index))
self.rightFork.putdown()
text.insert(END,"Philosopher %s put down right Fork.\n"%(self.index))
break
def dining(self):
text.insert(END,"Philosopher %s starts to eat.\n"%(self.index))
labels[self.index].configure(image=self.bm_eating)
labels[self.index].image=self.bm_eating
sleep(randint(2,4))
text.insert(END,"Philosopher %s finishes eating.\n"%(self.index))
def thinking(self):
text.insert(END,"Philosopher %s is thinking.\n"%(self.index))
labels[self.index].configure(image=self.bm_thinking)
labels[self.index].image=self.bm_thinking
if not hobby2.get():#獲取按鈕的狀態
sleep(randint(2,5))
def hungry(self):
text.insert(END,"Philosopher %s is hungry.\n"%(self.index))
labels[self.index].configure(image=self.bm_waiting)
labels[self.index].image=self.bm_waiting
sleep(1)
python圖形化的特點，寫代碼的時候要和Tkinter裏的組件結合，所以有時候會不知道類裏的使用到的組件是哪來的，可以回到主程序裏尋找。
"""叉子類"""
class Fork:
def __init__(self, index,label_forks):
self.index = index
self.forks=label_forks
self._lock = Lock()
self.bm_fork=ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open('img/fork.png').resize((70,130),Image.ANTIALIAS))
self.bm_nothing=ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open('img/nothing.png').resize((70,130),Image.ANTIALIAS))
self.use=False
for i in self.forks:
i.configure(image=self.bm_fork)
def pickup(self):
"""叉子的消失其實就是拿一張和背景色相同的圖片來遮擋叉子的圖片"""
self._lock.acquire()
self.use=True
self.forks[self.index].configure(image=self.bm_nothing)
self.forks[self.index].image=self.bm_nothing
def putdown(self):
self._lock.release()
self.use=False
self.forks[self.index].configure(image=self.bm_fork)
self.forks[self.index].image=self.bm_fork
def main():
text.delete('0.0','end')#清除文本框中的所有內容
numPhilosophers = numForks = 5
# 創建叉子與哲學家實例
forks = [Fork(idx,label_forks) for idx in range(numForks)]
philosophers = [Philosopher(idx,forks,numForks,labels)for idx in range(numPhilosophers)]
# 開啓所有的哲學家線程
for philosopher in philosophers:
philosopher.start()
def author():#關於作者的說明，我沒有用文本形式而是圖片呈現
"""必要一提的就是Tkinter不支持二級窗口呈現圖片，所以要用Toplevel"""
newroot=Toplevel()
bm_about = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open('img/about.png'))
aboutme=Label(newroot,image=bm_about)
aboutme.pack()
newroot.mainloop()
def detail_show():#“說明”的內容
newroot2=Toplevel()
bm_details = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open('img/details.png'))
details_label=Label(newroot2,image=bm_details)
details_label.pack()
newroot2.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = Tk()
root.title('哲學家問題')
root.geometry('1000x750')
start=Button(root,text='開始',font=('Arial',12),command=main,relief='raised')
start.place(x=100,y=0)
tip=Button(root,text='關於',font=('Arial',12),command=author,relief='raised')
tip.place(x=180,y=0)
hobby=BooleanVar()
isDeathLock=Checkbutton(root,text='允許死鎖',font=('Arial',12),variable=hobby,relief='raised')
isDeathLock.place(x=260,y=0)
hobby2=BooleanVar()
death=Checkbutton(root,text='飢餓模式',font=('Arial',12),variable=hobby2,relief='raised')
death.place(x=400,y=0)
details=Button(root,text='說明',font=('Arial',12),command=detail_show,relief='raised')
details.place(x=550,y=0)
scroll = Scrollbar()
text=Text(root,width=35,height=50)
scroll.pack(side=RIGHT,fill=Y)
text.pack(side=RIGHT)
scroll.config(command=text.yview)
text.config(yscrollcommand=scroll.set)
img_init = Image.open('img/init.png').resize((150,150),Image.BILINEAR)
bm_init=ImageTk.PhotoImage(img_init)
labels=[]
for i in range(5):
temp=Label(root,image=bm_init)
labels.append(temp)
labels[0].place(x=400,y=100)
labels[1].place(x=520,y=350)
labels[2].place(x=250,y=570)
labels[3].place(x=50,y=350)
labels[4].place(x=150,y=100)
#加載餐桌圖像
img_table = Image.open('img/table.png').resize((250,200),Image.BILINEAR)
bm_table = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img_table)
label_table=Label(root,image=bm_table)
label_table.image=bm_table
label_table.place(x=240,y=300)
#加載叉子類
img_fork = Image.open('img/fork.png').resize((70,130),Image.BILINEAR)
bm_fork = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img_fork)
label_forks=[]
for i in range(5):
temp=Label(root,image=bm_fork)
label_forks.append(temp)
label_forks[0].place(x=320,y=100)
label_forks[1].place(x=600,y=150)
label_forks[2].place(x=500,y=550)
label_forks[3].place(x=150,y=550)
label_forks[4].place(x=75,y=175)
print('加載完畢')
root.mainloop()
大功告成，代碼自取，圖片自己挑選設計，死鎖的解決換種算法，我使用的是簡單的”左右手都有叉子才進餐“的算法。關於使用pyinstaller對py文件打包可以參考我的另外一篇文章。喜歡就點個贊再走吧！